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TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME SEVEN IN Oke April-June 1978
Morphological and mating system studies of a new taxon of Hertcium (Aphyllophorales, Hericiaceae) from the southern Appalachians, Hee. BURDSALL«JRiycOs Ks MILLER. WIR. 2G Ki As NISHRIIMAY coon ess.
Taxonomy of Phanerochaete chrysorhizon and Hydnum omnivorum,
MOBOLU GH pe BURD SAL se) Rou G KAREN: Ke SNAKASONES. 358... Gti c he eis es
A study of Amantta types I. Taxa described by C. H. Peck, DAVID T. ISIC GIS SS li LAT RON oe a LEP REyck ar art ae aa are ras ne ee eee Se
A new status for the brown Parmeltae, THEODORE L. ESSLINGER........
A new Mexican species in the lichen genus Everniastrum Hale (Par- MemmnrCCOC ERODE Rio. EGAN stam rele tects ters o wipes vie ele ein ss ode mans aiid | hoes ave
Peztza umbiltcata Karsten, an older but unavailable name for Peziza ostracoderma, apothecial peat mould, HENRY DISSING §& RICHARD P. Rory MEER? o's Sete Ve horse. e Wahu ore, N's oteue sade Ghd Se Miao. toa wig tk Peele ieiw ale aides Wee
The use of pigments as a taxonomic character to distinguish species of the Trichiaceae (Myxomycetes), MEREDITH BLACKWELL §& ANDREW SUOMI CRESS TE BARA ogi ie GREER SE VIERA Ri A align eee MEN is re nc ee
A checklist of the operculate cup-fungi (Pezizales) of North Ameri- ca west of the Great Plains, HAROLD J. LARSEN, JR. § WILLIAM C. OUI SIOUNISES AS) Se REA ed 2 Pwr ae tin aco a a es Oe rg a Oe Oey Sa ES ae
A new species of Microascus and its peculiar conidial state, Serer UDAGAWAsGs KOUHEL. FURUYA Sy anc nee sus eens ona a elds ob esl ane lee
Type studies in the genus Pegiza. II. Operculate discomycetes de- seraped by J. B. Ellis and’ co-authors; DONALD H: PFISTER. ........
Zygopleurage, Tripterosporella and Podospora (Sordariaceae: Pyreno- ieoeos ein. lraq,. SAMIR? Ki) ABDULLAH GE -Ss <S*, -RATTAN: 5 o.ccehie aw. s
Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) II, KURT HJORTSTAM §& ee CRE EOL RUA R SOON, Shakes avn gists tine Glog auaie ee loose oe aarti nl we ol algae bee aie
Didymium flexuosum: an SEM study, INDIRA KALYANASUNDARAM...........
Notes on hyphomycetes. XXII. Phaeotsartopsts bambustcola sp. nov., SNS LON ESI: fey rattayre te oe aera Saeed othe caveats wb, AOA Scares Waal Sa ialigy SUNG Ste eR he
Notes on hyphomycetes. XXIII. Paraphaeotsaria alabamensis gen. et
Biman fe. Oo. E HOOG. GG: .MORGAN=JONES 3.6 6 0).5 we nae antaie wes
Two controversial discomycete names, LENNART HOLM.................. Geocoryne, a new genus of discomycetes from Macaronesia and India,
eee KORE OR. Ny SINGH, Go VieePe TEWART wok © he oe Romie oe ees aie Taxonomy and nomenclature of the supraspecific taxa of Porphyrel- Pe eCARL. Bb: WOLFE, JR, G RONALD H. PETERSEN nc 646 <0 sce cess
| Podonectrta, a genus in the Pleosporales on scale insects, AMY Y.
(COASTS 5 A RE SE a SP Rg ZARRE 7/2 Doers Vt rs ml Notice: Results of the poll taken of MYCOTAXON subscribers......... Notice: VII Congress of the International Society for Human §
SEENON AY. COLO Oy cot cre trae Miao cit wiles tere ota he eeeaaste ota ace leso nes Meteora ws cers
No. 2 July-September 1978
Discomycetes Exsiccati, fasc. II & III, RICHARD P. KORF §& SUSAN C.
RON Y Neer e fe ee oe og en's (ok aoe susan sert oie «rs wha’ thal eheceperheieae cio Cone a TLe CPOE
Studies on Dimargaritaceae (Mucorales) I. Tteghemiomyces and Dtspi-
mere ome nota. Po Os MIGRACG IND NGO GUPTA... 6 cece cn oecee eee ee Type studies in the genus Pezgiza III. Operculate discomycetes col-
Beacon byene nwa Gerard.) DONALD Ho -PRISTER 32 nc ck scat dite © ort aes ere Type studies in the genus Peziza IV. Species described by F. E.
Bed es VOONATD 11. PREGDER |. 5 clots tee heel o a: CeO inee Cea emer re ene
LCL
58
61
68 91 o7 102
cs 125
130
Ss 139
141 LZ
163 183
184
185 204 209
214
Lv
Avilewsrvemer.ca trom Mexico... B... LOWY ...:....d3 <1 «mists eter eal eet eee A new species of Panaeolus from South America, GASTON GUZMAN....... The species of Pstlocybe known from Central and South America, GASTON WGUZMANG Chi etarn vs cls o's Loa cela 'idcasdle st ¢ clus | alylere peeMeMone Steel let: Lema eaten Studies in the genus Cortinarius, IV: Section Dermocybe, new North
American species, JOSEPH F. AMMIRATI §& ALEXANDER H. SMITH........ Belizean, byphomycetes;, EVERETT. F. MORRIS). 4575.0) sesy tec etareaie ane eceeee A new hyphomycete on sclerotia of Selerotinta sclerotiorum, F. A.
UECKER, .W. -ASAYERS 1@ (Po. Bi" ADAMS: '.5.<0% Gee arene « eteteie a caer ots te Studies in the lichen family Physciaceae. II. The genus Phaeophy-
Scta anyNoren America, THEODORE lL. ESSLINGER, pees rete oa! eee
Setrrhta fitlicina comb. nov. (Ascomycetes: Dothideales), MARTHA A. SHERWOOD IAs cictete Bia odes Woctk wid bos osc « «a alesh aie lt bee cuate beer rgt ne eels ene Pn cle) peas Ftlosporella, an earlier name for Coeloanguillospora, B. J. DYKO §& Bee DURGLON scum oie id sieve sepia se%e so 6 sud w 0 -ci0 ew oly p eee eM BMe ais lal ase lereke aera emacs mea Notes on hyphomycetes. XXIV. Phtalophora ptntcola sp. nov. and Pht- QUOPhOMdA DUDGRLE, 2G. MORGAN-JONES., © o/c th ee ee ee ee le wee Notes on hyphomycetes. XXV. Concerning Eversta subopaca, G. MORGAN =U ONES side. tas ech aes <'< sod 6 5 cess 6 otal eee ean ey Oe aeons a Synopsis of wood-rotting fungi on spruce in North America: II, Ke ARLE Nem Lene GLUBERTSON.....°. 3: ifc:@ islets wteteters lenstolle foters ivia eke terete A new Nephroma species from South America, A. HENSSEN, G. KEUCK & Bio RENNER Ep iri sie co's tets « oletele eiois io w iw: «ere wi ghetane (ol Were telece a orotate la aiewe tere elera alee A study of Amanita types II. A. ocreata Peck, DAVID T. JENKINS..... A new bluing species of Pstlocybe from Florida, U.S.A., GASTON GUZMANMGSO LEVEN Hes POLLOCK: 6 sats va aie oh Steins AMOR «lel ttepeene eens Studies in the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 4, MASON E. HALE, JR Etude sur les champignons parasites du sud-est asiatique. 31. Les Cerecospora de Formose. IV, JO-MIN YEN §& SHOU-KUNG SUN............ Notice: IMA Nomenclature Secretariat reconstituted:....s2:.seesvee Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Lastobelontum, Ertoscypha and urvoscypherla-RIGHARD. Bi KOR 5.:./s 5 <jce 4.5% nie diaue io ote eae arenere rods Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) III, KURT HJORTSTAM §& LEIF RYVARDEN OE teva e sie caate eiciovevew icici ice Awd oielcte’s 6 0.) nem awe e ete Ocldlametates Setosphaerta monoceras sp. nov., ascigerous state of Exserohtlum MONO CEVA SRT Pes Me AGOORD crers 0 c7e. sles oo glaielotils © as 64 le ie, erate eae tele win -eimie Cteie Cladosportum castellanit is a synonym of Stenella araguata, MICHAEL Re McGINN SeGa ae Ae PADHVE . ic.6shie-o 6.6% Cemented re irae mete le ctr eee ere
DepLoriareroriTcae, G; EERE LAUNDONG 5% 12 3:0 25 oad es bas cee ee aly ere Thevcasestor i romyeca. trifolitie J; WALKER, JRNiak cence eecnice sa Soe Revuesdess idee s 1 1Gsa be MENNEBERT i h.2 selon «otede she Ola tet enduenee eae tetra ve ere
B. C. SUTTON; G. S. de HOOG & E. J. HERMANIDES-NIJHOF;
J. A. STALPERS; Charles JEFFREY; Roderic COOKE; Roger
HEIM; G. L. BARRON; D. L. HAWKSWORTH & M. R. D. SEAWARD; Donald H. PFISTER; Henning KNUDSEN; R. A. MAAS GEESTERANUS; Fred J. SEAVER; H. CLEMENCON; G. BOHUS & M. BABOS; A. F. BLAKESLEE; Ursula von NETZER
No. 3 October-December 1978
Validation of the Harpellales and Asellariales, ROBERT W. LICHTWARDD: God - =F.) MANIER S csvece ole so os + a se cise a ono wieis see ¢ ainelme ®
The distribution of Wats tnornata, a facultative marine Ascomycete, C TiAS PSHE RE R eG eel abs CRANE she geiece 6016.5 oe elaieyetegcs deo woh + oa, «seater ae
Validity of Muelleromyces varitsporus (Died.) Ullasa and Kamatella longipedicellata (T. S. & K. Ramakr.) Ullasa, V. S. SESHADARI §&
CHARLES GARDNER SHAW...... eee eee ere eer ccc rcccene ste Kp sails. alate Wests eee
218 221
225
256 265
Pas fs) 283 321 @
S2a
327
333
357
Ws 371
373 377
buS 398
599 407 411 415 419
423 436
441
443
Revisionary studies in the Arachnopezizoideae: a monograph of the BorydesmLeae., RICHARD P. KORE. mice ewe « wie leiale aleve eiots 4 os eualal ei hale oie ee. 3 Nomenclatural notes. XI. Acceptable generic typifications by Clem- ents §& Shear and non-typifications by Saccardo, RICHARD P. KORF.. Foliicolous Ascomycetes 2: Capnodtum salictnum Montagne emend., DON PME NOL DOM tent ant ters eis. stane wioie: coats ee came talic a Siw ledo nA GIS on ue 6 a etetee fe Rico e avete 5's Records of parasitic fungi of the "Thaxteriolae" group on subcorti- Galemites. 1OMASZ ‘MAJEWSKI G JERZY WISNIEWSKI. 0% oo. sce dais cee se Notes on the genus Panellus, HAROLD H. BURDSALL, JR. & ORSON K. BUM PIN pet oreli ie arora. <cever tiara sate” Metered olan exe sts rene ys oe r0"s inal Geely “ene tarohe & Le lehs Three new species of Pstlocybe from the Pacific-Northwest in North
mer cae GASTON GUZMAN (ALEXANDER H. SMITH) .0. 0c. eee eo oe fo ouein ons A new species of Pstlocybe (belonging to the P. crobula-group) from Eee WC Oa eG GULMAN GB HORAK. oat etc s eic'sis se wien Gs Se Nee eae Opie eile ae Dommomcdosminivyres 2) G.lrtr.. HENNEBER | shes tis ee «0-3 4u8 ood ee ce esate Fetes s a leles
Chantal DELZENNE-VAN HALUWYN; FOURTH FEMS SYMPOSIUM; L. LANIER, P. JOLY, P. BONDOUX & A. BELLEMERE; K. F. BAKER, G. A. ZENTMYER & E. B. COWLING; G. L. HENNEBERT; M. A. HAYAT; Oronato VERONA
eR CEs Fee Maer TAT A Red. Sikes one ane Pareten er eeNT ole hehe oes Wale, Cie ble eee. Sob, oie Sracetataiels alee ROPE ae te ic orcs nein sWedercrer creel s cite cletencuede Giete. ers. s wish elielesexsl sveiei «siete eNel aie ele ce POMPE IES Kore ke con tae wiele » shegata eve eves odie le Gis Go acy oe leelacers wis, ©: anal ® 3 cecsloatns iN@eeco Fungous and Lichen Taxa... . 66 ci. cess ccsecr eee ce ge seces MYCOTAXON publication dates, 6(3) through 7(2)..........esseseeeeee
bya 523
526 526 SYST! 530
6 (3) 71) a)
MYCOTAXON PUBLICATION DATES
January-March 1978: Apridesune: 1978):
July-September 1978
January 4, 1978 April 1, 1978
Jirkyieliae. 1978
i | | j }
74
Vol. VII April-June 1978 _LiBiA Genial iNO ACA, N.Y. 14250
CONTENT: 4 19/0
Morphological and mating system studies of a new be of iarddl (Aphyllophorales, Hericiaceae) from the southern Appalachians. H, H. BURDSALL, JR., O. K. MILLER, JR. AND K. A. NISHIJIMA Taxonomy of Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon and Hydnun onmmtvorun. HAROLD H. BURDSALL, JR. AND KAREN K. NAKASONE A study of Amantta types I. Taxa described by C. H. Peck. DAVID T, JENKINS
A new status for the brown Parmelidée. i... cee ee THEODORE L. ESSLINGER A new Mexican species in the lichen genus Evernitastrum Hale Ma we Hh ACeAS) G4 ei kis aie peinalelet etd bs psec subin Ble Wie aver-et cersalaiacet wet wi rates ROBERT S. EGAN
Peziza umbiltcata Karsten, an older but unavailable name for Peztz2a
ostracoderma, apothecial peat mould.. HENRY DISSING AND RICHARD P. KORF The use of pigments as a taxonomic character to distinguish species
of the Trichiaceae (Myxomycetes).. MEREDITH BLACKWELL AND ANDREW BUSARD A checklist of the operculate cup-fungi (Pezizales) of North America
west of the Great Plains.. HAROLD J. LARSEN, JR. AND WILLIAM C. DENISON A new species of Microascus and its peculiar conidial state.
SHUN-ICHI UDAGAWA AND KOUHEI FURUYA
Type studies in the genus Peziza. Il. Operculate discomycetes
Gescriped byi J. Bs ELLs and -conambhors sii esti ieretins DONALD H. PFISTER Zygop leurage, Trtpterosporella and Podospora (Sordariaceae: Pyrenomycetes)! ini Tragis.. uses ek 3 SAMIR: K. ABDULLAH AND S. S. RATTAN
Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) II. KURT HJORTSTAM AND KARL-HENRIK LARSSON
Digumeumn 7 vexcUuosum:) an SEM Stud y.s. 6s ei bales slew ae INDIRA KALYANASUNDARAM Notes on Hyphomycetes. XXII. Phaeotsartopsts bambustcola sp. NOV......e.eeee es G. MORGAN-JONES
XXIII. Paraphaeotsaria alabamensts gen. et sp. nov. G. S. DE HOOG AND G, MORGAN-JONES UWOs COMUCLOVERS 1217 daSCOMyY CETUS) NAMES cio hs ci sin'5) asd Bilayer a vet sree era ei ecu LENNART HOLM Geocoryne, a new genus of discomycetes from Macaronesia and India. RICHARD P. KORF, R. N. SINGH AND V. P. TEWART Taxonomy and nomenclature of the supraspecific taxa of Porphyrellus. CARL B. WOLFE, JR. AND RONALD H. PETERSEN Podonectria, a genus in the Pleosporales on scale insects. AMY Y. ROSSMAN Notices: Results of the poll taken of MYCOTAXON- subscribers.....-.. eee eee eee eee VII Congress of the International Society for Human §& Animal Mycology...
[MYCOTAXON for January-March 1978 (6: 421-526) was issued January 4, 1978]
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MYCOTAXON
Voy EL, NO. ol, pp.-.1-9 April-June 1978
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MATING SYSTEM STUDIES OF A NEW TAXON OF HERICIUM (APHYLLOPHORALES , HERICIACEAE) FROM THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS
Hee Home DUPrOS atte tO. Ket Ma perme T, and K. A. Nishijima
First and third authors, Center for Forest Mycology Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wits. 53705; and second author, Virginta Polytechnte Institute and State Untverstty, Blacksburg, Va. 24061, U.S.A.
SUMMARY
A new subspecies, Heritetum ertnaceum ssp- ertnaceo-abtetts,is described and illustrated. It is interfertile with H. ertnaceum and HemQDeELtLS.
Recently, a collection (OKM 15159) of an unusual (seemingly aborted) hydnaceous basidiocarp was found in the mountains of central Virginia. The morphological characters of the specimen indicate it represents a member of the genus Hertctum Pers. per S. F. Gray but unlike any with which we are acquainted. The four North American species recognized by Harrison (1973) are H. abietts (Wier ex Hubert) K. Harrison, H. ertnaceum (Bull. per Fr.) Bena. corallotaes (Scop._per Fr.) *S. F. Gray, and H. ramosum (Bull. per Mérat) Letellier. Our comparison of this "aborted" specimen with the descriptions of these indicated that it was different macroscopically from all of them. It is most like H. ertnaceuwm in micromorphology and habitat. Basidiocarps of H. ertnacewn are generally large, white, densely hirsute, oval to irregularly shaped masses of fungal tissue with pendent teeth up to 3 cm long, but the unusual specimen recently found (Fig. 1) is smaller, irregularly swollen, and has minute teeth (Fig. 2) covering the irregularly shaped basidiocarp.
Aes
Polyspore cultures were obtained from specimen OKM 15159, and single spore isolates were obtained when tiusepsolate fruited in culture. The mating system is tetrapolar and multiple allelic as in Hertetum species, with the four mating types distributed as follows:
A,B, 1,4,10,11,14,17,18,48,50,53 AB eee 9541251351 5) bn lL
AB) 6,8,9,20,46,49,52
ye em 719,47
To determine if any of the four North American species (none of which are interfertile according to our studies) are interfertile with OKM 15159, single spore isolates were paired with those derived from at least two different basidiocarps of each of the four species, often from ditterent parts of the U.S.A. Such pairings between OKM 15159 and H. ramosum and OKM 15159 and H. corallotdes indicated that the isolates were incompatible because clamp connections were not formed.
The pairings between OKM 15159 single spore isolates and those of H. ertnaceum [from Maryland (OKM 4950) and Arizona (JPL 317)]| were totally compatible. Similar pairings between OKM 15159 single spore isolates and those from three different collections of H. abtetts (a species found only in the northwestern U.S. and western Canada), however, showed partial, but not complete, compatibility as expressed by clamp connection formation. The possibility that OKM 15159 was a hybrid of 4. ertnaceum x H. abietits was considered but in no case were clamp connections formed when single spore isolates of these two species were paired. We have not yet, however, attempted pairings between single spore isolates of H. abtetts and those from H. ertnaceum specimens from the Northwest. Such studies will be carried out when isolates of the northwestern H. ertnaceum specimens are available.
Nuclear staining (using the method of Morgan-Jones and Hulton, 1974) was then conducted to determine whether clamp connection formation in the crosses between OKM 15159 and H. ertnaceum and between OKM 15159 and H. abtetis resulted
Figs. 1-2. H. ertnaceum subsp. erinaceo-abtetts DAS OCueD ee OKM: LO159 ELC ek, oad. sk Bel Ooi 2 aie a
in dikaryon formation. In pairings where clamp connections were formed the dikaryon condition was established and maintained.
Available distribution data indicate that the geo- graphic isolation of OKM 15159 (from eastern U.S.A.) from H. abtetts (from western U.S.A.) is complete. The isolation of OKM 15159 from H. eritnaceum is apparently lacking. The Virginia specimen is obviously very closely related to both species but maintains a degree of distinctness as indicated by the morphology, growth in culture, and mating interactions.
Because of the differences in morphological, cultural, and mating interactions found in OKM 15159, we erect here a new subspecies of H. erinaceun.
Hertetum ertnaceum (Bull. per Fr.) Pers. subsp. ertnaceo-abtetts subsp. nov. Figs 1-10.
A Hericto eritnaceo typica basidiocarpis similiter sed irregularis nodulosis; dentibus usque ad 3 mm longos; hyphis trama clentibus tunicatis tenuibus; tetrapolaribus3 interfertilibus H. erinaceo et H. abtett.
Holotypus-OKM 15159, on living Quercus sp. (oak), Carvins Cove, Hollins, Roanoke County, Virginia, U.S.A., October’ 4, 1975.7 Coll. Joseph ‘Deutsch. In herb. CEM: conservatum. JIsotypus in herb. VPI conservatum.
Basidrocarp (rigs, 1).and. 2) up toglZ, 9 Osx p> seme irregularly shaped masses of tissue with swellings forming a nodulose surface, white, firm to tough; teeth covering surface, white; 3(-4) mm long, 0.5 mm thick, subulate; context white, spore print white.
Hyphal system monomitic; contextual hyphae (Fig. 3) 5-9 um diam, hyaline, thick-walled (walls up to 3 um thick) smooth, septate with clamp connections, regularly branched, rarely with only slight wall thickening, these densely staining in phloxine, walls blue in Melzer's reagent;
Figs. 3-7. Line drawings of microscopic structures in basidiocarp of H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis (OKM 15159) 3. contextual hyphae. 4. hyphae of tooth trama. 5. cystidia with globular and granular content. 6. basidiospores. /7. basidia.
tooth trama a textura porrecta, hyphae (Fig. 4) mostly
3-4 um diam, rarely up to 10 um diam, thin-walled or
with slight wall thickening, hyaline, smooth, septate with clamp connections, branching regularly, scattered intercalary thick-walled (walls up to 1 um thick) cells present, ovoid to irregularly elongate, hyaline, smooth; subhymenium poorly delimited, composed mainly of cystidia oriented parallel to axis of tooth, these turn outward
into hymenial layer; cystidia (Fig. 5) 75-150 x 6-9 un, cylindrical, thin-walled, clavate or moniliform, often with small apical bead or papilla, smooth, with dense granular and/or globular content, not reacting with sulfuric benzaldehyde; basidia (Fig. 7) rare, difficult to observe, of variable length, up to 60 x 5-6 um, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at basal septum, mostly 4 spored, basidiospores (Figwo) 6-725 x*4.5-5.5 (-6) um, broadly ovoid, shyaline
to pale yellow under microscope, with thickened walls (walls up to 1 um thick), smooth to slightly granulose, dark blue to black in Melzer'’s reagent, no color change in lactophenol analine blue.
Specimen examined: Holotype, noted above.
Etymology: From the specific epithets eritnaceuwn and abtetis, the two species with which it is interfertile.
CULTURAL CHARACTERS
Key Pattern (using Davidson et al. (1942) method). A-P-5-1-2-10-14-16., Species Code (using Nobles (1965) Method) sO. ea 242 502306464. 45-48-54. 005
Growth Charactertstites: Growth on 1.5% malt extract agar at 25.C: slow, 18-25 mm.radius in l4sdays; smat where. appressed, with sparse woolly aerial white threads, most
1/ Nobles (1965) left numbers 27-33 of her species code system available for future characters. We are using 27 to indicate the presence of normal cylindrical thick-walled hyphae with clamp connections at septa. None of the numbers presently used indicate the presence of such hyphae.
Figs. 8-10. Line drawings of microscope structures in cultures of H. ertnacewn subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis (OKM 15159). 8. hyphae of margin. 9. aerial-hyphae with
occasional intercalary and terminal thick-walled ie len cetis.-~ 10. ebner eed hyphae. i atic
growth submerged with aerial and submerged hyphae growing at about equal rates, advancing margin irregular, fimbriate; agar not bleached; odor none; after about
2 weeks clusters of small, smooth, white, circular, slightly raised areas up to 1 mm diam form on mat surface, these eventually coalesce, fruiting body sometimes
forming in 6 weeks; reaction zone on both gallic acid agar and tannic acid agar weak to strong, up to 15 mm diam in
7 days, no growth on either medium.
Hyphal Characteristics: Margin hyphae (Fig. 8) 2.0-4.0 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, much branched, clamped at all septa; aerial hyphae (Fig. 9) 2.0-5.5 um diam, hyaline to pale yellow, smooth, thin- walled or walls up to slightly less than 1 um thick, much branched, clamped at all septa; in crustose areas hyphae like those in other areas but densely encrusted with yellow needle-shaped crystals which form large irregularly shaped clusters, these dissolve in 2% KOH, stable in Melzer's reagent; in older cultures (> 3 weeks) cystidia develop, these clavate to slightly moniliform, with globular to granular content; terminal or intercalary cells also form (chlamydospores)of Davidson et al., 1942),
9-15 x 7-9 um, thick-walled, hyaline, septate at one or both ends, lacking clamps on these septa; submerged hyphae (Fig. 10) 2-3 (-4.5) um diam, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, much branched into finger-like terminal cells, clamped at all septa.
DISCUSSION
Macroscopically, H. erinaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetts would not be confused with either of the species with which it is interfertile. Hertctwn ertnacewn has large ovoid basidiocarps with densely crowded pendent teeth up to 3 cm long and H. abtetts basidiocarps are loosely organized systems of branches with less crowded pendent teeth. Heritetum ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis, on the other hand, is an irregularly shaped, solid, nodulose mass with small teeth (up to 3 mm long) covering the entire surface and protruding in all directions.
Although similar in micromorphology to both H. abtetts and H. erinaceum, H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo- abietts can be differentiated. The basidiospores of H. abtetts are 5-6 x 4-5 um while those of H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetts are 6-7.5 x 4.5-6 um. The two also differ in structure of tooth trama. Hertctum ertnaceum
subsp. erinaceo-abtetts lacks the broad (up to 15 um diam) thick-walled hyphae (walls up to 5 um thick) which are found in H. ertnacewn and the inflated cells (up to
15 um diam) that have little wall thickening.
In culture, H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis grows about half as fast as H. ertnaceum on malt extract Bear at 25 C and about twice as fast at 32 C. The new subspecies and H. abtetts grow equally well at 25 C on matteextract agar but H. abitetts does not grow at 32 C while the new subspecies does.
LITERATURE CITED
DAVIDSON, R. W., W. A. CAMPBELL, and D. B. VAUGHN. 1942. Fungi causing decay of living oaks in the eastern United States and their cultural identification. Heol). A. ech. Bulls 85." -65)p.
HARRISON, K. A. 1973. The genus Hertctum in North America. The Michigan Botanist 12:177-194.
MORGAN] JONES, J. F..and R. L. HULION.. 1973. A rapid nuclear stain for permanent sections. Mycologia 65:694-697.
NObioo, MM. Ke -1965, Identification: of cultures. of wood- inhabiting hymenomycetes. Can. J. Bot. BS 1097-1139),
~~
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Drs. Rey G..Gilpertson. Me; J. Larsen: and Ms. F. F. Lombard are acknowledged for critical reading of this manuscript. Dr. M. J. Larsen is also acknowledged for preparing the Latin diagnosis. .
MYCOTAXON
VO Vo NOweh. pp. 10-22 April-June 1978
TAXONOMY OF PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSORHIZON AND HYDNUM OMNI VORUM HAROLD H. BURDSALL, Jr.
Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wis. 58705
KAREN K. NAKASONE=/
Department of Plant Pathology University of Arizona Pueson, Ariz. 65/721
During type studies leading toward a monograph of Phanerochaete Karst., the type specimen of Hydnum chrysorhtzon Torrey in Eaton (1822, p. 309) [= Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon (Torr. in Eaton) Budington et. Gilbn.] and the type specimens of its facultative (taxonomic) synonyms were studied. Among these synonyms was the name Hydnum omnivorum Shear (1925). This name was applied to a species that Shear felt was probably the perfect state of Phymatotrtchum omntvorum (Shear) Duggar (1916)
[= Phymatotrichopsts omntvorum (Shear) Hennebert (1973,
p. 199)]. These two species are probably not, as Shear supposed, different states of the same organism but to date this has not been demonstrated unequivocally.
When he published the name Hydnum ommtvorum, Shear indicated (1925, p. 477) the "type" to be his number 5267, on Maelura aurantiaca |= Maclura pomifera (Ref.) Schmeid.], near Paris, lexas, September 1903, and provided a patntine
1/ Present address Center for Forest Mycology Research.
‘igh
of the specimen. In Bpre/ a specimen with the same collection data was found (cited by Gilbertson 1964, p. 22). meacthet indieation that, it 1s the samevspecimen: referred to
by Shear is the fact that it matches exactly the painting accompanying the description provided by Shear. The twigs and thorns of the twigs branch at the same angle and are located in the same place relative to each other as theyare in the painting. There is no doubt that this is the type specimen for H. onmtvorum Shear.
The use of the name Hydnum ommtvorum has been challenged recently by Hennebert (1973, p. 199), who states that the name refers to a Basidiomycete but is based on a type specimen that is a member of the Fungi Imperfecti.
His studies of the type specimen apparently revealed neither basidia nor basidiospores, and he, therefore, considers the name illegitimate.
However, our studies of the type specimen revealed the presence of a basidiomycetous hymenium with cystidia, holobasidia, and basidiospores. Shear reported seeing none of these structures but was not in doubt as to thespecimen's being a Basidiomycete, as indicated by his text and the name he provided for it.
The epithet ommtvorum, although probably anunfortunate choice since it is probably not the perfect state of P. omtvorum, fulfills the requirements for both legitimate and valid publication.
The recent use of the epithet chrysorhtzon also deserves discussion. Gilbertson (1964, p. 23) treated H. ommtvorum as a synonym of H. chrysorhtzon. The two were also considered conspecific by Gilbertson, et al. (1974, 976), Lindsey and Gilbertson (1975). and Burdsall (1976). In all four publications the name Phanerochaete chrysorhizon was used to encompass both species. More recent studies, however, indicate that H. omntvorwm is a distinct species, differing from H. chrysorhtzon in basidiocarp color, basidiospore size, cystidium characters, and distribution.
2/ Herbarium abbreviations are those of Holmgren and Keuken (1974).
12
Parmasto (1967, p. 384) proposed the genus Aydnophlebta Parm. for H. chrysorhtzon. If this genus is recognized, then Hydnum omntvorum should be included. However, we do not feel that the hydnaceous basidiocarp, which is the only character by which these species differ from members of Phanerochaete, warrants this segregation. We recognize both as members of the genus Phanerochaete.
A description of the basidiocarp characters and culture characters of each species is offered. The specimens marked with an * are those from which cultures were studied. All specimens and cultures cited are on deposit at CFMR unless otherwise indicated.
Phanerochaete chrysorhizon (Torr. in Eaton) Budington et Gilbn. “Southwest Nat. 17:417.) 1973.) [hice sor = Hydnum chrysorhizon Torr. in Eaton. Manual Bot., Havas Dm OO9. Lo22.
Oxydontia chrysorhitza (Torr. in Eaton) Rogers et Gow Marcin. Mycologia DO0ro0G. bloc.
Mycoacta chrysorhiza (Torr. in Eaton) Aoshima et Furukawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc.) Japan.” /sls5¢ LOGG.
Hydnophlebta chrysorhiza (Torr. in Eaton) Parm. Rest. "Nsv. Tead. Akad. Toim. 16:364..) 1967"
MW)
Basidiocarp broadly effused, extending up to 20 x 10 cm, thin, membraneous, easily separable, reddish orange (7A8)3/ to deep orange (near 5A8), hydnaceous, teeth widely Spaced to dense, up to 1.5 mm long, cylindrical or tapered to rounded apex, orange white (5A2) to pale orange (5A3); margin fimbriate to rhizomorphic, up to 1 mm diam, reddish orange (near 7A8).
Hyphal system monomitic; subiculum not differentiated from abhymenial surface, 250-500 um thick (excluding teeth), a textura intricata to textura porrecta;, hyphae (Fig.o1) 4-7 (-9) wm diam, hyaline to pale yellow, thick-walled (walls up to 2 ym thick) or with only slight thickening, usually densely encrusted with hyaline crystals, septa widely spaced, lacking clamps at most septa, some septa clamped, rarely with several clamps at one septum,
3/ Color notations are those of Kornerup and Wanscher (1967). The notation indicates plate number, vertical colum, and horizontal columns, respectively.
oe. @)
oe iN
Slates
Figs. 1-4.--P. ehrysorhizon (type). Line drawings of mreroscopic structures’ from basidiocarps. 1. subicular byphae. 2. basidiospores. 3. basidia. “4. cystidia.
Pranching frequent, mostly at nearly right angles; tooth trama a compact textura porrecta oriented perpendicular to substrate, hyphae like those of subiculum; subhymenium a compact textura porrecta, short-celled, hyaline, thin- walled, lacking clamps, smooth, or lightly coated with pale yellow granules; cystidia (Fig. 4) ventricose, smooth, enin-walled, hyaline, 18-40 x 4.5-6 um, lacking clamps at basal septa; basidia (Fig. 3) clavate to broadly clavate, #2-20 x 4.5-6 um, hyaline, thin-walled, lacking clamps at basal septa, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata 3-3.5 um long; Pasidiospores (Fig. 2) 4-5. x 2-2.5 um, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, slightly flattened adaxially, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer's reagent, acyanophilous.
Specimens Examined: FLORIDA--HHB 4720, HHB 4733, and HHB 6372,0n Quercus sp. (oak), behind Mall, State Route 441; HHB 6452, on oak, University of Florida Horticulture Unit; HHB 6468, on Liquitdambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum); and HHB 6478*, on Carptnus carolintana Walt. (American hornbeam), Hogtown Creek Basin, NW 8th Street; all from Gainesville, Alachua County; HHB 7202, on Nectandra cortacea (Sw.) Griseb. (Jamaica nectandra), Gumbo Limbo Trail, Everglades National Park, Dade County. MARYLAND--
14
HHB 622%, on oak, Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge, Laurel, Prince Géorges County. MISSISSIPPI--HHB 88/07) on oak, sand HHB 88/1*; on Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine)eaborn 5 miles W of Wiggins, S of Red Creek, Stone County; HHB 8917, on Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood), Hammock, Harrison Experimental Forest, Harrison County. NEW YORK--RLG 550/7*, on Populus grandtdentata Michx. (bigtooth aspen), Otisco Rd., Otisco, Onondaga County. NORTH CAROLINA--HHB 2652,
on Fraxinus sp. (ash), Scaly School-Dryman Chapel Rd., Nantabala National Forest, Macon’ County;) HEB 4352 .-on flowering dogwood, along Kephart Prong, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain County. SOUTH CAROLINA-- Gurtas 26008," on oak, April 1849, Society Hill, Darlinceen County, isotype of Hydnum fragtlltsstmum Berk. et Curt., (FH). TENNESSEE--HHB 3012*, on Juglans sp. (walnut), near Cable Milly) Gades Cove, Blount County, and? HHB, 4134776n Acer sp. (maple), Snake Den Trail, Cocke County, both from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. WISCONSIN--HHB 9375, on Populus tremulotdes Michx. (quaking aspen), Blue Mounds state Park, Lowa County.
Fig. 5.--Cultures of ?. ehrysorhizon\‘(on ‘right showing no growth) and #4. onmtvorwn (on left) grown at 36 C on malt extract: agar for 14 days.
Bs | vas ouee ©) yy, Sel fi \ 7 eo 7 H OMNIVORUM~ \ 7 \ A \ P. CHRYSORHIZON MED? mm =; ag i oe Nae \ /5 \ ag Y\ \ ai \ {XS gg \ geet 114 \ O EY Z\ [ Npwca eae 12 /6 20 24 IN 26428 32 36 40 44 °C
Fig. 6.--Graph showing growth of P. chrysorhizon and He omntvorum at 10 constant temperatures on malt extract agar after /7 days.
Culture description
ppecics. Codey. 5.16..32597 40242 5-43.54. 55. (using Nobles (1965) system).
Key Pattern: B-P-I-1-10-14 (using Davidson et al. (1942) system).
Crowe On 12) /.Malt extract asar at.25 C moderate, 25-35 mm radius/wk, optimum growth at 28 C, trace of. growth PoeoomcrCrics, 5,6); mat thin, “appressed, white, becoming slightly orange, some isolates eventually with zones of orange wooly aerial hyphae, hyphae near inoculum orange; margin indistinct, even; reverse bleached; odor mild; not Pruttins in 6 wk.
Oneal iteracid agar after lowk aty25 C diffusion’ zone Poco o. nm diam, light: reaction, ‘trace of growth; on Pannic acid agar diffusiom zone up to 20 mm diam, light Peactaon, no growth.
Marcanal hyphae. GFie.«/)i2.5-/ wm diam, hyaline, thin- walled, with occasional branching, especially on narrower
hyphae, mostly simple septate, with rare single or multiple
Elamps: aerial hyphae (Fig. 9) (2.5-) 4-/-um diam, hyaline
| to pale yellow, with slightly thickened to thick walls, ! often aggregated to form orange cordons, usually covered
16
Figs. 7-9.--P. chrysorhtzon (HHB 8871). microscopic structures from culture.
Line drawings of 7. hyphae of margin. 8. submerged hyphae. 9. aerial hyphae.
17
with yellow granules, mostly simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; submerged hyphae (Fig. 8) 5-7 um dian, hyaline, thin-walled, with rare clamps, broad hyphae with infrequent branching usually producing narrow much branched hyphae.
Phanerochaete omnivorum (Shear) comb. nov. Figs. 5, 6, 10-16. = Hydnum ommtvorum Shear, J. Agric. Res. 30:476. 1925.
Basidiocarps effused in small often poorly developed patches, thin, membraneous, creamy yellow, adnate to some- what separable, hydnaceous; teeth up to 1 mm long, tapered to apex; subiculum white, fibrous to byssoid; margin white, thick, fibrillose and irregular in outline or rhizomorphic;3 rhizomorphs white, usually poorly developed, occasionally well developed and up to 0.25 mm diam.
Figs. 10-13.--H. ommivorum (type). Line drawings of microscopic structures from basidiocarps. 10. subicular hyopnaec oll bastddospores,. © 12. basidia. | 5s. .cystidias
18
Hyphal system monomitic; subiculum a texture intricata, hyphae (Fig. 10) 5-9 (-12) um diam, with slight wall thickening, hyaline, with clamps at some septa, sometimes multiple clamps present, with dense encrustation on some hyphae, branching at near right angles; subhymenium a compact textura porrecta, hyphae 3.5-4.5 um diam, some areas with irregular swellings up to 6 um becoming a textura epidermoidea, hyaline, thin-walled, much branched, smooth or with scattered hyaline granules; hymenium with cystidia and basidia; cystidia (Fig. 13) poorly developed, hyphorca, thin-walled, hyaline, of irregular length, up to 4 um diam, protruding up to 20 um beyond basidia; basidia (Fig. 12) (15=) 20-25 (-27) x (5.5-) 6-7 um, clavate, hyaline, thing walled, lacking clamps at base, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata up to 4 ym Jong; basidiospores (Fig. 11) 5-6 x 3=3.5-um, nearly ovoid, slightly flattened adaxially, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer's reagent, acyanophilous.
Specimens Examined: ARIZONA--HHB 6218 and HHB 6227, on Platanus writghtit S. Wats. (Arizona sycamore), and HHB 6228*, on 4cdéia sp. Cacacia), all from Peloncillogitass Cochise County; KKN 187 on Fouguterta splendens Engelm. (ocotillo), highway 90, milepost 299, Cochise County (ARIZ). ““HHB¥5969*%, on Arizona sycamore, and HHBs5972— con Chitlopsts ltnearts (Cav.) Sweet (desert willow), Redington, Pima County; HHB 8426,on Baccharts sp. (desert broom), Tucson, Pima County; RLG 10887 and RLG 10888, on Prosopis jultflrora (Sw.)* DC @esquite), Santa Catalina Mts: , Pima County (ARIZ); JPL 72, on Carnegta gtgantea (Engelnm. ) Britt. et Rose (saguaro), Saguaro Nat. Monument--West Unit, Pima County (ARIZ); KKN 90, KKN 102, KKN 112%, and KKN 113, on oecotilloa, Santa Rita Expt. Range.,..Pima County WAREZ a RLG 10857, on ocotillo,» Santa Catalina Mes...) Pima Counc, (ARTZ). RaG 10391 on. mesquite, Gallture Mts. .eeinase County (ARIZ); RLG 10507, on mesquite, Baboquivari Mts., Santa, Cruz Gounty (ARIZ).
Culture description Species codes. 2..5.16.20824 32737 Une eo ae Key Pattern: B-P-M-1-9-11-14-16.
Growth on 1.57% malt extract agar at 25 G modérarces: == 35 mm radius/wk, optimum growth at 32 C, rapid growth at 36 C (Figs. 5, 6); mat thin, wispy downy to woolly cottony, white, becoming yellow orange near inoculum, eventually
Figs. 14-16.--H. onmtvorum (HHB 6228). mieroscopic structures from culture. margin. 15. submerged hyphae. 16.
Line drawings of 14. hyphae of aerial hyphae.
BS
20
spreading over plate and developing cordons; margin appressed, even; reverse bleached; odor mild; not fruiting in -Orwk.
Oneeallic acid agar after 1 wk at 25 G dittustonezene 15-20 mm diam, very light reaction, no growth; on tannic acid “agar diffusion zone 35-40 mm, very light reaction game growth.
Marginal hyphae (Fig. 14) 3.5-7 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched, mostly simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; aerial hyphae (Fig.16) 4-7 um diam, hyaline to pale yellow, thin- to thick-walled, often aggregated to form cordons, usually encrusted with yellow granules, simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; submerged hyphae (Fig. 15) of two types: (a) similar to aerial hyphae but lacking encrustations;
(b) 1.5-5 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, septa rare, clamps lacking, irregularly branched and contorted, nonstaining in KOH-phloxine mounts.
Remarks: Macroscopically P. chrysorhtzon and P. omntvorum are distinguished on the basis of basidiocarp color and rhizomorph development. Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon is bright orange with well developed orange rhizomorphs and somewhat paler spines; P. onmtvorum is yellow or cream (including spines) with a white fimbriate to slightly rhizomorphic margin.
Microscopically P. ommtvorum can be separated from P. chrysorhtzon because of its broader spores, usually fewer cystidia, and a tendency toward thinner-walled hyphae (walls usually 1 um thick while those of P. chrysorhtzon are often 2-3 um thick).
In culture the two species can be separated readily when grown at 36 C (Figs. 5, 6). Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon grows only 1-2 mm in 2 wk while P. onmtvorum nearly covers the plate in that time. At 25 C the two are not readily distinguishable.
Ecologically these species occupy vastly different niches. Phanerochaete ommtvorum occurs on desert hardwood shrubs and trees, while P. echrysorhitzon inhabits hardwoods
Zt
(rarely conifers) in more moist areas. The specimens examined indicate that P. ommtvorum occurs in the south- western United States and east into Texas while
P. chrysorhizon occurs throughout the eastern United States and west into Mississippi. An overlapping distribution in Texas is to be expected because there the dry and moist regions meet.
LITERATURE CITED
Barasaul tH. Hs, Jr. 1976. “Taxonomic and distributional notes on corticiaceous fungi of the southern Appamachians, pp.,2602-296. (In ~Parker} |B. vC., and Mo kemeroane (Eds.), Distributional ‘history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. IV. Algae and Mingi., Unive Press of Virginia, ‘Charlottesville, AO DD.
Davidson,’ R. W., W. A. Campbell, and D. B. Vaughn. 1942. Fungi causing decay of living oaks in the eastern United States and their cultural identification. USDAmLech bul. -/65.. 05 Dp iG -2 DL.
pueear, B. M. 1916. The Texas root rot fungus and its conrdialerstage’s, tAnn. Migsourt Bot: Gard. 3311-23.
Baeonn A.) 1022.. Manual of botany. Third edition. Albany. DLO D Dic
Gilbertson, R. L. 1964. Resupinate hydnaceous fungi of Novth America. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 49215-25.
Pmpereson... kh. cba. Hy HonaBurdsal wer. -and BB. Rk. Cantireld: 1976. Fungi that decay mesquite in southern Arizona. Mycotaxon 3:487-551.
Hennebert, G. L. 1973. Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera. Persoonta) (2133-204.
Holmgren, P. K., and W. Keuken. 1974. Index herbariorum. i isixth edition. “Ree. Veget. 92:1-397.
Kornerup, A., and J. H. Wanscher. 1967. Methuen handbook OmIcO Ou | oecondsedition. | Methuen) .and Co... .btds. London, 243 pp.
22
landseyy. Jerebo, and Rk. L.-Gilbertson «#19752 =-Wood= inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on saguaro in Arizona. My cotaxon 2:83-103.
Nobles, Mik.) L965.) Identification obreulLbures som woea.
inhabiting hymenomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 43: 109/7—-lia2
Parmasto, E. 1967. Corticeaceae URSS. IV. Descriptiones
taxonum Novorum. Combinationes novae. Eest. NSV Teadae Akad. -loim. 1623./7=394.
Shear, €. U,. b90/. “New species of fungiy Bull lorcey BOG Gliup meso 0.5— 315:
Shears Cal. £925 “The life history of the lexaserectere
fungus Ogzontum ommtvorum Shear. J. Agric. Res. S074 7 5-4/1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Farlow Herbarium is gratefully acknowledged for the loan of specimens. Special thanks is due Dr. R. Le Gilbertson, University of Arizona; Dr. J. W. Kimbrough, University of Florida; Everglades National Park; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; and Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina for providing slogistical support... Dret-Moel Barcens A. Ee Liberta and Ms.’ Fy F. Lombard are thanked) tor critically reviewing the manuscript.
MYCOTAXON
Hout aiid Now sl, pp...23-44 April-June 1978
A STUDY OF AMANITA TYPES I. TAXA DESCRIBED BY C. H. PECK
DAVID T. JENKINS
Department of Biology, University of Arabama in Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294
The immense influence that C. H. Peck exerted on American myco- logy is a well accepted and documented fact (Lloyd, 1912; Bessey, 1914; Atkinson, 1918; Burnham, 1919). Throughout his 48 year tenure with the State Museum of New York at Albany his untiring observation and analysis of the flora of New York resulted in a herbarium of many thou- sands of specimens, over 2700 of which were fungi (Gilbertson, 1962). Included among these were 36 taxa of the genus Amanita described as
new.
During the period from 1867 to 1915 when Peck published his myco- logical studies many nomenclatural rules that are observed today were not in existence or were little used. Such was the case of the recog- nition of nomenclatural types. Rules governing the designation of nomenclatural types were not adopted by American mycologists until 1904 and international acceptance was not gained until 1930.
Even though Peck published new taxa after the adoption of the American Code in 1904, he still did not designate type specimens. Usu- ally, however, he would cite one or more specimens. According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Art. 7, note 3; Guide for the Determination of Types), if more than one specimen is cited in the original description and one of these, i.e., preferably a collection by the author, can be adequately associated with an extant herbarium spec- imen it should be designated as a lectotype. This procedure has been followed with several of Peck's taxa.
It was not uncommon for Peck to cite only one specimen in the ori- ginal description. The information contained in this citation fre- quently did not completely match that of any herbarium specimen. Ordi- narily this might necessitate the designation of a neotype (Art. 7, note 3, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). It has recently been noted that Peck rarely accessioned into the herbarium more than one collection of a particular organism from the same location. Any subsequent collections of this organism from that same location were usually made by someone else (Personal communication, Dr. John H. Haines, State Museum of New York). After examining many of the speci- mens from Peck's herbarium this practice appears to have been the case. The incongruence between the original citation and the information with
.the herbarium specimen appears, therefore, to be of little consequence,
thus, allowing the specimen in question to be implicitly designated as
24
the holotype. There will be no discussion for those taxa with an im- plicit holotype.
It is the purpose of this publication to designate and describe the type specimens for the taxa of the genus Amanita named by C. H. Peck. Of these 36 taxa, descriptions are provided for 30. At present five of the remaining taxa do not have representative specimens in the State Herbarium, a fifth specimen was determined not to be an Amanita, and Amanita {r0stiana is a nomenclatural synonym of Agaticus muscarius var. minor.
The descriptions contain macroscopic characters obtained from ob- servations of the dried type specimens, with one exception being the color citations from the original description (in italics). Extensive microscopic observations are included when adequate reinflation of per- tinent tissues permitted analysis. These studies were made on a Wild M20 bright-field, phase contrast microscope with a Nikon EFM camera attachment allowing magnifications up to 3250x. Tissues were prepared for study using techniques similar to those described by Bas (1969).
Descriptions for several types have been previously published (Jenkins, 1977), but are included here to provide a single source of reference.
TYPES STUDIED
1. Amanita abaupta Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 138. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Alabama, vii. 1896, L. M. Underwood Son. (NYS)5
PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly inrolled, faintly striate, white; volval remnants Sparse, randomly distributed, irregular to pyramidal warts. LAMELLAE: crowded, free or just reaching stem, white. STIPE: 9 x 0.7 cm, tapering upward, solid, basal bulb abrupt, subglobose, white; annulus superior, submembranous; volval remnants as a few, irregular warts at base of stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: filamentous hyphae densely interwoven to subradial, slightly gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae subcellular to cellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 92 x 4-10 um, 4-sterigmate, clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus extremely sparse, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells predominant type, mostly globose, subglobose, and broadly ellip- tic, up to 37.6 x 31.3 um, with fewer oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 59.5 x 18.8 um, terminal or short, terminal chains; volval material at base of stipe very similar to that above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; in- flated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 160 x 20 pm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, mostly clavate, up to 78 x 15.7 um, with a few subglobose to pyriform, up to 21.9 x 15.6 um.
SPORES: 7.8-9.4 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.24-1.71; E” = 1.46), broadly
elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin
LS
walled; contents guttulate, apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate- conic.
2. Amanita bivolvata Peck. 1909. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 36: 329. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Claremont, California, i. 1909, C. F. Baker s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: 7-10 cm broad, plano-convex, margin’shallowly striate, white with brownish stains toward center. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae numerous. STIPE: 13-15 x 1.6-2.5 cm, equal, floc- ~culose, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus superior, narrow, white, soon - disappearing; volva 3-5 x 4.6 cm, lobed, with an inner margin sur-
rounding the stipe, white.
PILEIPELLIS: filamentous hyphae densely interwoven, gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells, terminal and short, terminal chains. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elon- gate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae dis- tinctly ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 55 x 4-11.7 um, 4-sterig- mate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe predominant, sparsely to moderately branched, up to 14 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells few, elongate, clavate to fusiform, up to 156.5 x 37 um, terminal. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferen- tiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells terminal or rarely short, terminal chains, oblong-elliptic to clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 188 x 46.9 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed, few gloeoplerous seg- ments; no inflated cells.
SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 7.0-7.8 um (E = 1.10-1.34; EC= 1.25), sub- globose to broadly elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylin-
aleier
3. Amanita calyptrata var. albescens Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. aoe 840, pl). A, fig. 1-5.
Byers (Implicit: des. mihi): Gansevoort, vii., C. H. Peck s.n. NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin distinctly striate, whitish; volval remnant as a large, membranous patch, white, covering a major portion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, edges even. STIPE: approximately 12 x 1.3 cm, tapering slightly upward, hollow, lumen large, no basal bulb; only a few rem- nants of a membranous annulus remaining; volva large, thick, membranous, lobed, usually not adhering to stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal
26
chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA:
up to 50 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA:
outer layer composed primarily of filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells mostly subglobose to elliptic, up to 80 x 62.6 um, terminal or occasional short, ter- minal chains; inner layer very similar, but with a larger number of inflated cells: volva on pileus very similar to that on base of stipe. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae fairly conspicuous, sparsely branched; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 278
xX 37.6 um. PARTIAL VEIL: almost exclusively filamentous hyphae, Sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, rarely clamped, only an occasional, small, inflated cell, usually elliptic.
SPORES: 12.5-13 x 9.0-10 um (E = 1.30-1.38; E”
often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
4. Amanita calyptnratoides Peck. 1909. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 36: 329. Seat (des. mihi): Claremont, California, i. 1909, C. F. Baker Som. WNYSom
PILEUS: 4-8 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, margin shallowly striate, Lead colored, darker toward center; volval remnant as a large, irregular but unbroken, white, membranous patch covering a large por- tion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: deeply sinuate, white, crowded. STIPE: white, minutely pulverulent striate, 8-12 x 0.8-1.75 cm, tapering up- ward, hollow, annulus evanescent, adhering to lamellae in young spec- imens; volva up to 2 cm deep, irregularly lobed, unite, frequently adhering to the stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae.
PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 77 x 3.9-11.7 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae dominant, moderately branched, irregularly interwoven, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells few, mostly broadly elliptic to elliptic, up to 87.6 x 78.3 um: tissue at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong-elliptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 359.4 x
68.9 um.
SPORES: 11.7-14.8 x (6.2)7.0-8.6 um (E = 1.50-2.27; Els 1.66 Jie elliptic to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to
truncate-conic.
Typification. Although there is apparently only one collection cited in the original description, an implicit holotype cannot be designated. In the herbarium box labeled "type" from Peck's herbarium there were two separate collections from C. F. Baker, numbers 5100 and 5115. Both were collected under Oak trees in Claremont, CA, the cita- tion in the original publication. Examination of the specimens shows
=°1.31),. ellipticg
Zi
them to be the same organism. It would appear that Peck had two sep- arate collections at his disposal when delimiting this taxon. Since this possibility exists neither can be considered the holotype. In- stead a lectotype must be chosen from these two collections (Art. 7, note 3, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). Analysis of the descriptions accompanying these specimens reveals much similarity in wording between the description of collection 5115 and that used by Peck in the original description. Based upon this similarity and the presence of four fruit bodies in 5115 vs. one fruit body in 5110, I have chosen collection 5115 as the lectotype.
5. Amanita candida Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 137-138. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Alabama, x., F. S. Earle s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 10.4 cm broad, plane, margin not striate, white; volval remnants as a thin pulverulence with a few, randomly scattered warts near the center. LAMELLAE: just reaching stipe, mod- erately broad, crowded; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 12 x 1.5 cm, cylindrical or tapering slightly upward, solid, covered with a slight flocculence, basal bulb abruptly enlarged, subglobose to broadly elliptic, up to 4.5 x 4 cm; no annular remnants; volva as a dense flocculence or rings of small, irregular chunks.
PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 46 x 3- 12.3 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps observed. VOLVA: fila- mentous hyphae on pileus relatively inconspicuous, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps observed, inflated cells dominant, globose, broadly elliptic to broadly clavate and oblong-elliptic, 30-60 x 15-
33 um, usually as short, terminal chains: remnants on base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae rather abundant, up to 9 um diam, sparsely branched; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 245 x 29 um.
SPORES? sell 12,5. 545.957. 0 him (Eas 5622.0; E" « 1.80), elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
6. Agaricus chkhoninosmus Peck in Austin. 1878. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. oe 278.
= Amanita chloninosma (Peck) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 7, 15. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Closter, viii. 1877, C. F. Austin s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: up to 15 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly in- rolled, not striate, white; volval remnants as randomly distributed, irregular warts and pulverulence, more dense on disc, with a scarcely discernible yekkLow tint. LAMELLAE: crowded, just reaching stem. STIPE: up to 13 x 2 cm, cylindrical, solid, basal bulb clavate; no annular material remaining; volval remnants as an occasional, randomly distributed wart.
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PILEIPELLIS: a thin layer of densely interwoven, filamentous hyphae, gelatinous nearer the surface. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose to subcellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 57 x 3.9-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells mostly subglobose to broadly el- liptic, up to 50 x 40 um, with fewer oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 45 x 10 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval remnants at base of stipe very similar to that above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae quite conspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, elongate, longitudinally oriented, upsto..200°xe25 sim:
SPORES: 8.2-9.4 x 5.4-5.9 um (E = 1.49-1.71; ale 1.61), ellip-
tic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
1. Amaniéia erenutata'Peck. 1900: Torr. Bot. Club Bull2i273 a5: Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Massachusetts, near Boston, 1899, Mrs. E. Blackford s.n. (NYS).
PILEUS: up to 4 cm broad, becoming convex or nearly plane, thin, margin striate, whitish or grayish, sometimes tinged with yellow; volval remnants as thin, whitish, floccose patches or slight warts. LAMELLAE: crowded, with floccose-crenulate edges, reaching stipe, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 4.5 x 0.4-0.8 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, white, basal bulb globose to subglobose; no annular material remaining; volva remaining only as floccose-mealy remnants at apex of bulb.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven or subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells approximately up to 160 x 64 um, clavate to irregularly elongate, terminal. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 35-42 x 4-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus 2-6.5 um diam, sparsely to moderately branched, without clamps; gloeoplerous hyphae moderately abundant; inflated cells up to 75 x 51 um, subglobose, ovoid, broadly elliptic, elliptic, fusiform, clavate, arranged mostly as ran- domly oriented, terminal chains, the terminal element usually broadly elliptic to ovoid: volva remnants at base very similar to those on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and incon- Spicuous with terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented cells, up to 2008x532. ine.
SPORES: 7.9-8.7 x 7.0-8.7 um (E = 1.0-1.13; E" = 1.04), globose
to subglobose, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents gut- tulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic.
Typification. In the introduction an explanation was given for the designation of implicit holotypes for several of Peck's taxa.
29
Additional explanation is required for this taxon, however. In a pre- vious publication (Jenkins, 1977) a lectotype was designated for A. cnrenulata. This designation was in error and should be disregarded.
As a result of specimen analysis during this study, as well as that of the previously cited publication, I have now studied all of the specimens of A. crenulkata in the Peck herbarium. A reevaluation of the type specimen in question now requires me to accept it as an implicit holotype.
8. Amanita elongata Peck. 1909. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 131: 33. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Pennsylvania, vii. 1907, E. B. Sterling s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4.5 cm broad, plano-convex, margin striate, flesh moderately thick on disc, yellow or onange, sometimes mone deephky colored in the center; volval remnants as randomly distributed, floc- cose patches. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 11 x 0.4-0.8 cm, tapering upward, glabrous, slightly pruinose above annulus, stuffed, white or whitish at the top, pakkid below, basal bulb elliptic, up to 2 x 1.3 cm; annulus superior, very thin, membranous, pale yellow, collapsing on stem or remaining attached to gills; volval remnants sparse, as slight rim or loose, floccose patches.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, no clamps, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 40 x 4.5-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOkVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells mostly globose to elliptic, up to 93.9 x 62.6 um, with a few elongate, up to 94 x 31.3 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus, but with a larger number of filamentous hyphae. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally ori- ented, up to 281 x 37 um. PARTIAL VEIL: composed primarily of fila- mentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps, with a few variform, terminal, inflated cells, up to 60 x 30 wm.
SPORES: 7.8-9.4 x 5.5-6.2 um (E = 1.42-1.71; E” = 1.51) elliptic
to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic.
9. Amanita frostiana (Pk.) Sacc. (See Agaricus muscarius var. minor).
10. Amanita {nrostiana var. paklidipes Peck. 1899. Rep. N. Y. St.
merus. 53: 855.
Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., vii., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS); mixed collection, specimens annotated.
30
PILEUS: approximately 2.5-4 cm broad, convex to plane, margin faintly striate, whitish to pale yekLow; volval remnants as floccose patches or flattened warts. LAMELLAE: free, crowded; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 3.5-6 x 0.3-0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus fragmentary, 1.5-2 cm from apex of stipe, white; volva often extending above apex:of bulb as slight, free margin.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven or subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, fila- mentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells variform. SUB- HYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps occasional. BASIDIA: 41-50 x 5-11.5 um, 4-sterigmate, rarely clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 51 um, ovoid, broadly elliptic, subglobose, elongate, el- liptic, clavate, or fusiform, often as single, terminal cells or irre- gularly disposed to apico-basal chains of cells: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 40 um, shapes similar to those on pileus but with a larger proportion of elongate cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and relatively inconspicuous; in- flated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 318 x 45 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells rare, elongate, terminal, not exceeding 50 x 10 um.
7 SPORES: (7.3)7.9-10.2 x (5.8)6.3-7.9(8.4) um (E = 1.13-1.46; E = 1.27), subglobose, elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to slightly truncate-conic.
Typification. There were no specimens originally cited, requiring designation of a neotype. The collection chosen is mixed, but includes fruit bodies exhibiting the characters of the original description. The two taxa can be separated on amyloidity of spores, those of the type fruit bodies of Amanita {nostiana var. paklidipes exhibiting a negative reaction, the others reacting positively. Fruit bodies have been annotated appropriately.
11. Amanita glabriceps Peck. 1909. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 131: 18-19, Discs. 7f 1927 1-4.
Lectotype (des. mihi): New York - Coopers Plains, Steuben Co., vii., Gath. Peckvsin (NYS)
PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex to slightly depressed, thin, margin striate, white on yellowish white, sometimes skighthky brownish in the center; no volval remnants on pileus. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 14 x 0.9 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, floccose-squamulose, white, base clavate; annulus fragmentary, median; volva appressed with a slight, free ring of volval material above the free, margined collar.
PILEIPELLIS: moderately dense, interwoven to subradial gelatin- ized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed primarily of clavate
51
to irregularly elongate, inflated cells; filamentous hyphae undiffer- entiated with clamps. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: 39-50 x 4.5-9.4 um, 4-sterig- mate, no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe 2-6 um diam, moderately branched, without clamps; inflated cells sub- globose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, clavate, up to 64 x 45 wm. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, Sparsely branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 240 x 35 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae 3-6 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, up to 180 x 25 um.
SPORES: 7.9-9.4 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.19-1.38; = 1.28), broadly
elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, ae nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic.
Typification. In Peck's original description only two syntypes were cited, making mandatory the selection of a lectotype. Although both specimens cited were of comparable condition, the one collected by Peck was given preference.
12. Amanita magnivelarts Peck. 1897. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 50: 96. See des. mihi): Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., vii., n. (NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 8 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin not striate, white or yekLowish-white; volval remnants a single, mem- branous patch on disc. LAMELLAE: crowded, free, white; lamellulae numerous. STIPE: approximately 9 x 0.7-1.2 cm, tapering upward, apex Slightly expanded, white, basal bulb elliptic, approximately 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus superior, pendant, ample, submembranous, white; volva at base of stipe sheathing, membranous, lobed.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, filamentous hyphae, slightly gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 45 x 4-11.7 un, 4-sterigmate, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus abun- dant, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells abundant, subglobose, broadly elliptic, elliptic, to clavate, up to 109.9 x 46.9 um, uSually terminal, with occasional terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe predominantly filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, with a small number of cells similar to those of pileus volva, in addi- tion, an extensive gelatinous layer, representative of the pileipellis.
STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam,
no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented,
up to 250.5 x 31 um. PARTIAL VEIL: entirely filamentous hyphae, up
to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; no inflated cells.
SPORES: 8.6-10.9 x 5.5-7.8 um (E = 1.34-1.56; ple a7 ellip- tic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin niwetled: contents
-guttulate, apiculus sublateral cylindric.
:
S74
13. Amanita morristi Peck. 1910. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 139: 42. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Massachusetts - Natick, ix. - x. 1909, G. E. Morris s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 9 cm broad, plano-convex, glabrous, flesh moderately thin, margin not striate, dark grayish brown to blackish brown; volval remnants as small, sparse, floccose patches. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, edges smooth, white; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 15 x 1 cm, tapering slightly upward, apex expanded, very slightly floccose, stuffed, sometimes grayish and striate at the top, usuakly white, basal bulb subglobose to ovoid, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annu- lus superior, up to 3 cm from apex, membranous, double-edged, whitish buf{ beneath; volva as occasional, small, floccose patches.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short terminal chains. SUBHY- MENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 43 x 4.9-8.6 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells dominant, globose, sub- globose, broadly elliptic, with a few small, elongate, up to 62.6 x 26.6 um, terminal or short, terminal chains, the subtending cells being usually elongate. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, Sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, or occasional short, terminal chains, clavate to oblong-el- liptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 187 x 31.3 um. PARTIAL VEIL: predominantly filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; a significant number of inflated cells, cylindrical, up to 125 x 9.5 um, rarely exceeding that diameter.
SPORES#) 9/..0-7.8 x 5.5-6.3 um (E = 1224-1842; Bue 1.27), broadly
elliptic to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindrical.
14. Amanita muktisquamosa Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 53: 840, DIRE Deol Ocel=7..
Lectotype (des. mihi): New York - Amagansett, Suffolk Co., vii., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4 cm broad, convex to plane, margin slightly striate, white or white with a brown or brownish center; vol- val remnants aS num@rous, angular, erect warts, more closely spaced toward disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. | STIPE: approximately 5 x 0.3-0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, | white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus fragmentary, approximately 2 cm from apex of stipe, white; volva as slight, free margin at apex of bulb, not inrolled.
PILEIPELLIS: gelatinous layer with relatively little hyphal structure remaining. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, fila- mentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.5-11 um, 4-sterigmate, —
5S
no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus approximately 2-8 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped, with a signifi- cant number of gloeoplerous hyphae; inflated cells up to 76 x 51 unm, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, clavate, usually arranged in terminal, randomly oriented to apico-basal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe approximately 3-7 um diam, moderately branched, with occasional clamps; inflated cells similar to those on pileus with a larger number of broadly shaped cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented,
up to 255 x 38 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 3-7 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells sparse, terminal, clavate, up to 130 x 20 um.
SPORES==).857-1licx 7.0 807 um (E =00.10-1.39; Eee Te22)s5 sub- globose to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, non- amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, trun-
cate-conic.
Typification. Peck's original description contained no citation of specimens, but only three counties in which collections were made. The lectotype is from one of these, and has been chosen based on mor- phological similarities with the original description and in agreement with Bas (annotated specimen).
15. Agaricus muscarius var. albus Peck. 1880. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. B35: 44. = Amanita muscaria var. alba (Pk.) Peck. 1893. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 46: 53. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Albany and Delmar, x., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4-9 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, relatively thin, margin striate, white; volval remnants as thin, floc- cose patches or small, angular warts, arranged in nearly concentric rings. LAMELLAE: free to approximate, crowded; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 8 x 0.9 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed to hollow, basal bulb ovoid, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus fragmentary; volva as irregular, floccose ringlets at apex of bulb and lower stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, 3-9 um diam; inflated cells elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilat- eral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: 41-50 X 4-11.5 um, usually 4-sterigmate, occasionally clamped. VOLVA: fila- mentous hyphae on pileus up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps occasional; inflated cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, elliptic, clavate, fusiform, up to 138 x 51 um, arranged as random to apico-basal, terminal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe up to 8.5 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; inflated cells very similar to those on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and relatively inconspicuous with terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented cells, up to 225 x 25 um.
34
SPORES: 9.4-11.2 x 7.0-8.4 um (E = 1.29-1.45; E” = 1.36),
broadly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
Typification. Peck cited no specimens in the original descrip- tion, thus requiring the designation of a neotype. The specimen above was chosen because of its proximity to Peck's primary collecting area, its acceptable condition, and the exhibition of morphological charac- teristics associated with the A. muscaria complex.
16. Agariaus muscarius var. major Peck. 1872. Rep. N. Y. St. Cab. 235 Ook
Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Catskill Mountains, x., C. H. Peck Sn (NYS)
PILEUS: approximately 8 cm broad, plano-convex, surface glabrous,
margin striate, flesh moderately thin; volval remnants\as irregular
to pyramidal warts, randomly disposed, frequently becoming thinner to- ward margin. LAMELLAE: moderately broad. STIPE: approximately 9 x 1.6 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, quite fibrillose on surface, basal bulb elliptic, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus superior, floccose-membranous ; no volval remnants remaining at base of stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally
clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains.
SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: up to
62 x 4-11.8 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, clamps not observed. VOLVA: remnants on pileus a dense to loose tissue of irregularly disposed to apico-basal, terminal chains of inflated cells and single, terminal cells; cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, elliptic, oblong- elliptic, fusiform to clavate, up to 138 x 69 um; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, abundant, moderately branched, occasionally clamped, with abundant gloeoplerous segments: remnants at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus, but with a smaller number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, sparsely branched, clamped; inflated cells up to 376 x 45 um, clavate to oblong-elliptic, terminal, longitudinally oriented. PARTIAL VEIL: composed primarily of moderately branched, occasionally clamped, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, with a significant number of inflated cells, clavate, terminal, up to 74 x 18 um.
SPORES? 16-9-10.2.% 5.9-7.6 um (E-= 1o1723259: = Liceie
17. Agaricus muscarius var. minor Peck. 1869. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Ose e69)s
= Amanita (rostiana (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syl]. Fung. 5: 14. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Croghan, Lewis Co., no date, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
broadly elliptic to elongate, adaxially flattened, thin walled, hyaline, | nonamyloid; contents guttulate to subgranular; apiculus sublateral,
cylindric to truncate-conic.
om)
PILEUS: approximately 3 cm broad, convex or expanded, margin striate, bright orange; volval remnants as small patches to small warts, more numerous over disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, tinged with yellow; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 5 x 0.3-0.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, yellow, bulbous at base; annulus fragmentary, approximately 1.5 cm from stipe apex; volva extending above bulb as slight margin, with narrow, ascending rings of floccose material below margin of bulb.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae with inflated cells, mostly elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 40-50 x 4.5-11 um, 4- sterigmate, clamps rare. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus 3-7 um diam, scarcely to moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, up to 76 x 57 um, with clavate, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, astringo-elliptic, up to 160 x 38 un, arranged as irregular to apico-basal, terminal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe 3-9 um diam, moderately branched, frequently clamped; inflated cells very similar to those above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous with terminal, oblong-elliptic to clavate, longitudinally oriented, inflated cells up to 240 x 35 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamped, with occasional, terminal, inflated cells up to 160 x 20 um.
SPORES: 7.9-8.7 x 7.9-8.7 um (E = 1.0-1.01; EN = 1.01), globose
to subglobose, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic.
Typification. Peck did not cite any specimens in the original description, forcing the selection of a neotype. The collection chosen as type is mixed, containing fruit bodies of two morphologically sim- ilar taxa. When Peck changed the rank of the taxon he emended the original description by adding the character of globose spore shape. This enables division of this collection into fruit bodies with glo- bose spores (A. 410stiana) and those with elliptic spores (presumably A. sLavoconia). In addition the globose spores of A. {r04stiana are nonamyloid while those of the elliptic spored specimen are amyloid.
Woe Agaricus nivalis Peck. 1880. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 33: 48.
= Amanita nivalis (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9, 16. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Worcester, Otsego Co., no date, C. H. Peck s.n. (NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4.5-5 cm broad, plane, thin, white, some- times tinged wrth yeklLow or ochraceous on the disk, margin striate; no volval remnants on pileus. LAMELLAE: barely free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 10 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, white, base subglobose to ovoid; annulus absent; volva delicate, floccose, at apex of bulb forming a fragile, rim-like struc- ture or leaving fragments on lower stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: a layer of interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous
36
hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae relatively slender and mod- erately branched; inflated cells clavate to irregularly elongate, up to 130 x 32 wm. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undiff- erentiated; inflated cells oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 110 x 24 um, terminal or in very short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, rarely clamped. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.7-11 um, 4-sterigmate, rarely clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe up to
7 um diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells up to
125 x 25 um, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, oblong-elliptic, cla- vate, usually as irregularly disposed, terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 6 wm diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 380 X32 im.
SPORES: 7.0-9.4 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.11-1.38; E” = 1.20), subglo- bose to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
Typification. In the original description Peck cited no speci- mens, thereby forcing the selection of a neotype. He did, however, mention in his discussion three counties in which he had collected the fungus. Based on the similarity of morphological characters of these specimens to the original description, the neotype has been selected as a collection from one of these locations.
e see aes parcrvokvata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 2ERIZ 22010, = Amanita parcivokvata (Pk.) Gilb. 1941. Iconogr. Mycol. 27(2): 226. Lectotype (des. mihi): North Carolina - Skyland, Henderson Co., vii., Miss Mary L. Wilson s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 3 cm broad, convex to plane, flesh thin, margin striate, orange on yeklLow, sometimes onange in the center and yellow on whitish on the margin; no volval remnants remaining. LAM- ELLAE: free, crowded, pale yellow; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: ap- proximately 3 x 0.2-0.4 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, pale yekkhow, nanely fading to white, base ovoid; volval remnants as sparse, very fine floccose material at top of basal bulb, white.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae approxi- mately 3-6 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 25 um, elongate, terminal or as short, terminal chains. SUB- HYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.5-12.6 um, 4-sterigmate, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe very sparse, approximately 2-6 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 70 x 64 um, globose, subglobose, ovoid, broadly elliptic, elliptic, clavate, usually arranged as ter- minal, randomly oriented chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong-elliptic, longitudinally oriented, 222 x 64 un.
SPORES: 11-11.8 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.39-1.75; E™ = 1.52);
Saf
elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic.
Typification. In the original description two syntypes were cited. Although a lectotype should ideally be a specimen collected by the author, neither of the syntypes was collected by Peck. The specimen in the best condition was, therefore, selected.
20. Amanita peckiana Kauff. in Peck. 1913. Mycologia 5: 6/7. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi):. Michigan - New Richmond, ix. 1912, C. H. Kauffman s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plano-convex, margin not striate, slightly inrolled, white; no volval remnants remaining. LAMELLAE: free or just reaching stem, moderately crowded, white; lam- ellulae attenuate. STIPE: up to 5.5 x 0.8-1.0 cm, tapering slightly upward, base slightly enlarged; annulus remaining attached to lamellae and margin of pileus; volva thick, membranous, saccate, lobed, up to 1 cm deep.
PILEIPELLIS: a layer of interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam; inflated cells clavate to elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells oblong-elliptic to elongate, terminal or in very short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ra- mose to inflated ramose, not clamped. BASIDIA: 39-46 x 4-12 um, 4- sterigmate, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe abundant, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells mostly globose to broadly elliptic, up to 78 x 78 um, with fewer elongate cells, up to 93.9 x 31.3 um, disposed as terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally or- jented, up to 234.7 x 37 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 wm diam, moderately branched, no clamps, with very occasional, ter- minal, inflated cells, up to 45 x 15 um.
SPORES: 12.5-14.8 x 4.9-5.9 um (E = 2.27-3.02; jes 2200) 3
cylindric, smooth, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
Observation. This taxon is included with the taxa described as new by C. H. Peck only because it appeared in one of his publications. Primary credit should go to C. H. Kauffman who first collected and described the specimens. Accompanying the type specimen is a letter and a description from Kauffman to Peck. In this letter Kauffman emphasized the necessity of designating this organism as a new species. In addition, the included description is almost word for word the same as the published description. In accordance with Recommendation 46D, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, C. H. Kauffman should be primarily associated with the publication of this name.
21. Amanita phakloides var. striatula Peck. 1902. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 54: 961.
38
Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Bolton, no date, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4 cm broad, plano-convex, thin margin, very faintly striate, white; no volval remnants remaining on pileus. LAMELLAE: just reaching stipe, crowded, edges slightly floccose; lam- ellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 7.5 x 0.6 cm, tapering up- ward, stuffed, basal bulb globose to subglobose; annulus superior, thin, membranous, delicate, collapsing; volva membranous, moderately thick, shallow.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filmentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells, up to 150 x 25 um. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae cellular, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 39 x 3.9- 10.2 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 10 um diam, no clamps. with few inflated cells, mostly broadly elliptic, usually terminal, up to 93 x 78 wm. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong- elliptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 271 x 25 um.
SPORES +9 728=10.2 x%;7.0-10.2 um (E =.1.0-1.2103 Els 1.04), glo-
bose to subglobose, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
22. Amanita pratrticoka Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 138. Holotype (Implicit: cf. des. Bas, 1969): Kansas, Rooks Co., 17. ix. 1896, E. Bartholomew s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly appendiculate, not striate, white, more or Less tinged with yeklow; volval remnants as subpyramidal to pyramidal warts, fairly small, ran- domly distributed, becoming fewer toward margin. LAMELLAE: moderately crowded, just reaching stem, white. STIPE: up to 7 x 0.7 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, apparently solid, basal bulb very Slight, white or whitish; annulus superior, membranous, narrow; no volval remnants remaining on base of stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 ym diam, moderately branched, clamps rare; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to Subcellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 54 x 5.5-14.8 um, 4-sterigmate, abundantly clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus sparsely to moderately branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells mostly elliptic, oblong-elliptic to fusiform, up to 110 x 37 um, terminal or short, terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, clamped; inflated cells terminal, mostly clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 249 x 31 um.
SPORES: 11.7-14.1 x 8.6-10.9 um (E = 1.24-1.45; E™ = 1.33),
broadly elliptic to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline,
og
amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylin- aric.
23. Amanitopsis pulverulenta Peck. 1907. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 116: ie
= Amanita Limbatulka Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5(4): 530. Holotype (Implicit: cf. des. Bas, 1969): Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., 18. viii. 1906, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 3.5 cm broad, plano-convex, margin even, white on creamy white; volval remnants as a thin pulverulent layer and occasional floccose patches. LAMELLAE: free or just touching stipe, moderately broad, crowded, white. STIPE: approximately 3 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly to apex, occasional slight flocculence, white, basal bulb elliptic to broadly elliptic; volva as a very slight, membranous limb on upper portion of bulb.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells elongate, usually terminal. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to slightly inflated ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 50 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamped. VOLVA: remnants on pileus composed of filamentous hyphae and inflated cells; hyphae moderately branched, up to 8 ym diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells globose to elliptic, up to 55 x 30 um, with a few elongate, up to 80 x 35 um, terminal or in short, terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: fila- mentous hyphae abundant, sparsely branched, and clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 330 x 3/7 um.
SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 3.9-5.5 um (E = 1.83-2.21; ie 1.93), elon- gate to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic.
24. Amanita pusilla Peck. 1897. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 50: 96.
non [Amanita pusilla Per. 1799. Obs. Myc. 2: 36].
Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Gouverneur, St. Lawrence ban. 46 xi... 1896, Mrs. E. C. Anthony. s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 2.0-2.5 cm broad, plano-convex with slight umbo, rimose-areolate, margin not striate, pale brown. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, becoming brownish. STIPE: approximately 2 x 0.2-0.3 cm, tapering slightly upward, basal bulb subglobose to ovoid; slight mem- branous volva at apex of basal bulb.
Observation. This does not appear to be a member of the genus Amanita. Analysis of two characters indicates this: 1) the lamella trama is interwoven and not bilateral, and 2) the stipe trama does not have the "typical Amanita structure" (Hoffman, 1861: 11; Boudier, 1886: pl. 1, fig. 8; Bas, 1969: 328). Since there is a definite volval structure present, this might easily be a Volvariella. The identity could not be determined at this time due to the condition of the specimen and the lack of notes.
40
25. Amanita radicata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 27: 609-610.
= Amanita rhopakopus Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5(4): 416-417. Lectotype (cf. des. Bas, 1969): New Jersey, 26. vii. 1899, E. B. Sterling 114, s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 5 cm broad, convex, margin even, inrolled, white; volval remnants as irregularly shaped, adnate warts densely covering pileus. LAMELLAE: free crowded, rather narrow. STIPE: approximately 6 x 1.6 cm, tapering upward, floccose-scaly, solid, white, basal bulb cylindrical to oblong-elliptic; annular remains thick, floccose-membranous, remaining attached to pileus margin; volval remnants as a few floccose patches on basal bulb.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; in- flated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHY- MENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, occasionally clamped. BAS- IDIA: up to 55 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, occasionally clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells subglobose to broadly elliptic, up to 71.9 x 46.9 um and oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 110 x 37.6 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval rem- nants at base of stipe very similar to above, but with a greater num- ber of filamentous hyphae. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells ter- minal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 210 x 18 um.
SPORES: 8.5-10.5 x 5.0-7.0 um (E = 1.35-1.80; Eis 1.55), ellip-
tic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic.
hyp ifacavion=e ct... Bas, 1969.
a Agaricus nussuloides Peck. 1873. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 12) eee
= Amanita nussuloides (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 13. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., no! dates*Ca Ho -Peckas.n. (NYS)2
PILEUS: approximately 3.5 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, mar- gin striate, pale yellow on straw color; volval remnants as a few widely scattered, floccose patches. LAMELLAE: crowded, free but con- nected to stipe by a floccose line, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 3.5 x 0.2-0.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, smooth, bulbous at base; no annulus; volva as a slight, free limb at the apex of the bulb with occasional floccose patches on lower stem.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps not observed; inflated cells up to 130 x 25 um, mostly clavate and irregularly elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 39-50 x 4.1-12 um, 4- sterigmate, clamps rarely observed. VOLVA: on pileus a loose to
4l
fairly dense tissue of apico-basal to irregularly disposed, terminal chains of clavate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, astringo-cylindric in- flated cells; cells up to 110 x 32 um, with broadly elliptic and ovoid cells up to 64 x 40 um; filamentous hyphae of volva 4-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps not observed: inflated cells of basal volva very similar to those on pileus with elliptic and ovoid cells larger, usually arranged in irregularly disposed, terminal chains; filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, sparsely branched, clamps rare; inflated cells up to 255 x 32 um, clavate, terminal, longitudinally oriented.
SPORES: 8.7-10.2 x 6.3-7.0 um (E = 1.24-1.49; Ey e40)s
broadly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, thin walled, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apicutus sublateral, cylindric.
Typification. The specimen citation in the original description is very incomplete, and under ordinary circumstances would not suffice in type selection. However, this taxon appears to be rare, and Peck (1905) later stated that’ he had made no additional collections at Greenbush. Under these conditions I feel that the citation justifies the matching packet at NYS as the holotype (Lanjouw, 1966; Guide for the Determination of Types).
Pim Agaticus Spretus Peck. 1879. Rep. N: Y. St. Mus..32: 24. = Amanita spreta (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 12. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Sandlake, 1878, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 10 cm broad, plano-convex to plane, flesh thin, margin strongly striate, whitish or pake brown; no volval rem- nants on pileus surface. LAMELLAE: free to just reaching stipe, mod- erately crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 20 x 1.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, stuffed, white, basal bulb not inflated; annulus superior, submembranous, frag- mentary; volva thin, membranous, saccate, up to 3.5 cm deep, often ad- hering to stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hy- phae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae approx- imately 7 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 49 x 4-14 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, frequently clamped. VOLVA: layered at the base of the stipe; outer layer almost exclusively filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells rare, broadly el- liptic to oblong-elliptic, terminal; inner layer very similar but with a larger number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous, sparsely branched, no clamps seen; inflated cells longitudinally oriented, clavate, terminal, up to 469 X 62.6 pm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, mod- erately branched, clamped; inflated cells rare.
SPORES: 10.2-13.3 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.62-2.11; E” = 1.86), elong- ate to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin
42 walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
28. Amanita submaculata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 27: 609. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): North Carolina, vii. 1899, Miss M. L. Wilson s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex, margin very Slightly striate, datk brown, more on Less marked by whitish stripes on Spots; volval remnants as a single, floccose patch. LAMELLAE: mod- erately close, just reaching stipe, white. STIPE: approximately 6 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, solid, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus large, flaring membranous, very thin, white; no volval remnants remaining.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elong- ate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae moderately branched, no clamps seen; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains. BASIDIA: up to 60 x 5-14 um, 4-sterig- mate, thin walled, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus relatively inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells abundant, primarily subglobose to broadly elliptic, with a few oblong-elliptic, mostly terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 281 x 3] um.
SPORES«2 70-876 x 4.7-6.4 um (E =.) 22=1.633 ac 1.59), broadly
elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
29. Amanttopsrs velkosa Peck. 1895. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 22: 485. = Amanita velosa (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9,15.
Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): California - Pasadena, under Oak
trees, iv. 1895, A. J. McClatchie s.n.(NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 5 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin Slightly inrolled, striate, buf4 or orxange-bufs; volval remnants as large whitish, felty patches, randomty distributed and frequently covering a large portion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: crowded, just reaching the stipe, pale cream color; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 9 x 0.6 cm, tapering upward, slightly at apex, stuffed, white on whitish, basal bulb not distinct; no annular remains; volva very thick and membranous-felty, remote or adhering to stipe.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and variform, in- flated cells, terminal or short, terminal chains. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells mostly elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to slightly inflated ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 62 x 5.6-15 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, no clamps. VOLVA: on pileus composed primarily of filamentous hyphae, irregularly disposed, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps;
43
inflated cells usually elliptic, up to 78.3 x 46.9 um, terminal: tis- sue of volva at the stipe base very similar to that of pileus, but with a slightly larger number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: fila- mentous hyphae undifferentiated and quite abundant, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longi- tudinally oriented, up to 343 x 43 um.
SPORES: 9.4-10.9 x 7.8-9.4 um (E = 1.09-1.27; le 1.16), sub- globose to broadly elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, non- amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, trun- cate-conic.
30. Agaricus volvatus Peck. 1872. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 24: 59, = Amanita volvata (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9, 15.
fe (Implicit: des. mihi): Greenbush, no date, C. H. Peck s.n.
NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 4.7 cm broad, plano-convex, flesh moder- ately thick, margin faintly striate, whitish, the disk pake brown; vol- val remnants as thin, floccose patches, randomly distributed, but con- centrated on disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white. STIPE: approx- imately 6 x 0.7 cm, tapering upward, slightly expanded at apex, stuffed, whitish; no annulus; volva saccate, thick membranous, margin lobed, up to 3.5 cm deep.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, slightly gelatinized, filamen- tous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 9 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. BASIDIA: up to 46 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps ob- served. VOLVA: at base of stipe layered; outer layer composed pri- marily of filamentous hyphae, up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells few, broadly elliptic up to 72 x 59.5 um, and elongate up to 78.3 x 21.9 um, terminal; inner layer very simi- lar, but with a greater number of inflated cells: volval material on pileus very similar to that on the inside layer of the basal volva. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 218 x 21 um.
SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.34-1.58; Ee" = 1.48), ellip- tic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric.
31. Amanitopsis volvata var. eLongata Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Muommos sO, pi. A. f1g.-6-10.
Wen (Implicit: des. mihi): Claryville, no date, C. H. Peck s.n. NYS).
PILEUS: approximately 6.3 cm broad, plano-convex to plane, white, margin slightly striate, glabrous, flesh moderately thin; no volval remnants remaining. LAMELLAE: free, moderately crowded. STIPE: approximately 10 x 0.7 cm, tapering slightly upward, slightly
44
floccose-mealy; basal bulb elliptic; no annular remains; volva saccate, membranous, moderately thick, lobed, up to 2 cm deep.
PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hy- phae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 47 x 4-7.8 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, clamps not observed; inflated cells elliptic to clavate, terminal, up to 93.9 x 31.3 um, with a very few, small, subglobose to elliptic. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 9 um diam, no clamps seen; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 249 x 21.9 um.
SPORESs ) 10e2-\).7 x°4.7-6.2 pm (E.=) 385-2232. Eee 2.02), elong- ate to cylindrical, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate- CONG.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Dr. John H. Haines, Senior Scientist, State Museum, Albany, N. Y., for persevering in the search for these type specimens. Thanks are also extended to Drs. Joseph Ammirati and James Kimbrough for review of this article and Dr. Ronald H. Petersen for advice on nomenclatural problems.
LITERATURE CITED
Atkinson, G. F. 1918. Charles Horton Peck. Bot. Gaz. 65: 103-108.
Bas, C. 1969. Morphology and Subdivision of Amanita and a Monograph on its Section Lepidella. Persoonia 5(4): 285-579.
Bessey, C. E. 1914. A Notable Botanical Career. Science n.s. 40: 48.
Boudier, J. L. E. 1866. Les Champignons au Point de Vue de Leurs Caracteéres Usuels, Chimiques et Toxologiques. Paris
Burnham, S. H. 1919. Charles Horton Peck. Mycologia 11(1): 33-39.
Gilbertson, R. L. 1962. Index to Species and Varieties of Fungi Described by C. H. Peck from 1909 to 1915. Mycologia 54(5): 460-465.
Hoffmann, H. 1861. Icones Analyticae Fungorum. Giessen.
Jenkins, D. T. 1977. A Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Study of the Genus Amanita Section Amanita for North America. Bibliotheca Mycolo- Qicai.5y apie 126.
Lanjouw, J. 1966. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Utrecht.
Lloyd, C. G. 1912. Mycological Notes 38: 510-512.
Peck, C. H. 1905. New Species of Fungi. Mycologia 5(2): 67.
. 1905. Remarks and Observations. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. LOSea3 0
fone VIl,yNo. 1, pp. 45-54 April-June 1978
A NEW STATUS FOR THE BROWN PARMELIAE
THEODORE L. ESSLINGER
Department of Botany North Dakota State University Fargo, ‘North Dakota 58102
Generic concepts in lichens have been undergoing ex- tremely rapid change recently, especially in large and ubig- uitous families like the Parmeliaceae. In his work with the large and heterogeneous genus Parmelia, Hale (1974 a, Din, d; 1976) has created eight new segregate genera just since 1974. Recently (Esslinger, 1977), I published a revision of the brown species of Parmelta in which three major in- frageneric taxa, the subgenera Allantoparmelia, Melanopar-
melta, and Neofusca, were recognized. At the time of the
original research and writing of that paper, I wavered be- tween treating the three taxa as independent genera or as Subgenera, deciding finally to follow the more conservative
path of recognition as subgenera. The time span between writing the paper and its final publication proved to be
rather long, however, and well before it appeared in print, I was convinced that recognition at the level of genus
would have been more natural and more indicative of the re- mote relationships between the three taxa involved. The
descriptions and/or new combinations necessitated by recog- nition at the level of genus are presented below. The evi- dence supporting the recognition of three independent taxa
are presented in my original paper and will not be repeated here.
The following key outlines the major distinctions be-
tween the three genera to be recognized. As with most gen- era, there is no single character that will distinguish be- tween any two of the three. Rare exceptions to almost all character differences do occur, hence the relative complex- ity of the key.
| -Lower surface erhizinate and the upper cortex HNO.-; foli-
ose to subcrustose species characteristic of rock (or rarely soil) substrates in boreal or arctic-alpine CIB BSS Aaa 5 OS OO DEON GOCE ADOBE Ee Allantoparmelta
46
-Lower surface rhizinate or the upper cortex HNO .,+ blue- green or both -Upper cortex HNO,+ blue-green or rarely violet (in one North American species and one South African species); foliose to commonly subcrustose or sub- fruticose species characteristic of rock or soil substrates primarily in temperate aréas.-.2 2. eee Beis eate eee ei sres 4 Sea olctwis! bas, Siahre CA Eee ener one Neofuscelta -Upper cortex HNO,- (rarely HNO,+ violet in two eura- sion species); foliose species of deverse sub- strates (including rock), most common in north temperate to boreal or arctic-alpine areas..2. 2. PUB My osteo nie! +: 91.5: #5424, 060 sue pend ef ae ee eee Metanelta
ALSANTOPARMELIA Vain.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Allantoparmelta Vain., Ye IO CHOU it. Se, LOOO”
Type species: Allantoparmelta alptcola (Th. Fr.) Essl.
Allantoparmelta almqutstit (Vain.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta almquistit Vain, Ark. Bot. 8(4): EVA) SIRS eho
Allantovarmelta alptcola (Th. Fr.) Essl., comb.anov. Basionym: Parmelta alptcola Th. Fr., Lichenes Arctoi: Dd. LOU.
Allantoparmelta stbtrtca (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta stbtrtca Zahlbr., Catalog. Lichen. Univers..6: 47. 1930. (as nom. nov. for Polnzem Vai menre. Ot. 6 (4): ¢ sl. 1909)%
MELANELIA Essl., gen. nov.
Thallus foliosus, laxus vel modice adnatus, lobis 0.4- 11 mm latis, brevibus et rotundatis vel elongatis, plus minusve planis. Superne vulgo sorediatus isidiatus vel pseudocyphellatus, HNO, non reagens vel raro HNO.,+ viola= ceus. Subtus modice vel sparse rhizinosus.
Type species: Melanelta stygta (L.) Essl.
Synonym: Parmelta subgenus Melanoparmelia (Hue) Essl.,
Ue ehactorim bot. «Lab. 42:46.) Loy i.
subgenus MELANELIA
Melanelta dtsjuneta (Erichs.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia disjuneta Erichs., Ann. Mycol. 37: 78. 1939: (as nom. nov. for P. soredtata var. corallotdea Lynge, Lichens from Novaya Zemlya: 200. 1928).
Melanelta panntformts (Nyl.) Essl., comb, nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa £. panntformts Nyl., Synop. Method. BVeCherat soi. L860.
47
Melanelta predtsjuncta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta predisjuncta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: SOs LOT.
Melanelta soredtosa (Almb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia sorediosa Almb. in Krok & Almquist, Svensk Plorvastor skolor 2,. Kryptogamer;, ed. 6:, 134. 1947. (acenom...novi. for 2. sorediaia (Ach.)) Th. Fr; Lichenes ArCLOL: 26.1) 1860), Basionym: = Parmelta etygia B. P. soredtata Ach., Lichenogr. Univers.: 471. 1810).
Melanelta stygta (L.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Ltchen Stygtuse L., Spec: Pl. 2: 1148. 91753.
Melanelta substygta (Ras.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia substygta R&as., Lichenes Fenniae Exs. 51. 1936.
subgenus OLIVASCENTES (Harm.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta sect. Amphigymnta A. Olivascentes Harm., Lichens de France 4: .571. 1909. Type species: Melanelta acetabulum (Neck.) Essl.
Melanelta acetabulum (Neck.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Ltehen acetabulum Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belgic. Silvestr. oe 5062. L768.
Melanelta koflerae (Clauzade & Poelt) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta koflerae Clauzade & Poelt, Nova Heawidia 3:5 6368... 1961.
Subgenus VAINIOBLLAE (Gyeln.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Euparmelia sect. Vatntoéllae Gyeln., Bevel. spec. Nov. Regni, Veg.) 30:7 $220... 1932). Type species: Melanelia glabra (Schaer.) Essl.
Melanelta albertana (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta albertana Ahti, Bryologist 72: 236. 1969.
Melanelta calva (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- Wella CalvarEssi!, J... Hattori Bot. hab. 42> .'60. 1977.
Melanelta elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta olivacea * P. asptdota var. elegantula Zahlbr., Verh. Vereins Natur— und Heilk. ‘/Pressburg 8: ' 39. 1894.
Melanelta exasperata (De Not.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta exasperata De Not., Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 193. 1847.
Melanelta exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta exasperatula Nyl., Flora 56: 299. 1873. Melanelta fuscosoredtata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym:
rormel ta, juscosored ata (Essli), J. Hattori Potalbabe 42: OS eh LOT. Melanelta glabratula (Lamy) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym:
48
Parmelta olivacea a cortteola a. glabra Schaer., Li- chenum Helveticorum Spicilegium: 466. 1840.
Melanelta glabratula (Lamy) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta fuligitnosa * P. glabratula Lamy, Bull. Soc. Boteerrance: 30:4 353. “LSss-
Melanelta glabratuloides (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita glabratulotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. ADA Zee ia. 1 OTis
Melanelta glabrotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta glabrotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: er OW ds
Melanelta halet (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- melta halet Ahti, Acta Bot. Fenn. 70: 38. 1966.
Melaneltia huet (Asah.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- mecia Muet Asan., J. Jap. Bot. 526) | 194. 10518
Melanelia tnfunata (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetia tnfumata Nyl.,- Flora 58: ~359. -1875.
Melanelta lacintatula (Flag. ex Oliv.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia exasperatula var. lactntatula Flag. ex Oliv., Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 12: 69 se5ioaam
Melanelta multtspora (Schneid.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta multtspora Schneid., A Guide to the Study of hichens:,Lo4. 189s.
Melanelta olivacea (L.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: J1- enen olivaceus L., Spec. Pl.: WI435 4753.
Metlanelta oltvaceotdes (Krog) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia oltvaceotdes Krog, Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 144: TO972 e965.
Melanelia piltferella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta ptitferella Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: SSeewe Lo 7 ihe
Melanelta pseudoglabra (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia pseudoglabra Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: Ba LO ik
Melanelta septentrtonalts (Lynge) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita olivacea var. septentrtonalts Lynge, Bergens Mus. Arbok 1912 (10)ss- 4 BLO eee
Melanelia subargenttfera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym Parmelta subargentifera Nyl., Flora 58: 359. 1875.
Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subaurifera Nyl., Flora 56: 22. 1873"
Melanelia subelegantula (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym Parmelita subelegantula Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: BO OT Ts
Melanelta subglabra (Ras.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subaurtfera var. subglabra Ras., Ann. Bot. Soc Zoot. bot. renn. “Vanamo”™ 122. £9. 71932:
49
Melanelta suboltvacea (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta suboltvacea Nyl. in Hasse, Bull. Torrey Bot. Giuby 243 "445. “1897.
Melanelta trabeculata (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta trabeculata Ahti, Acta Bot. Fenn. 70: 54. 1966.
Melanelta ushuatensts (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta ushuatensts Zahlbr., Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 57: 42. 1917.
Melanelta villosella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ULLioselia Bssl., J -sHattoria Bot. tab. 42: OD eee OT 7.
Melanelta zopheroa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pomme ta. Z0Dnevrod Bssl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab, 42:9 96- Love.
NEOFUSCELIA Essl., gen. nov.
Thallus foliosus vel interdum subcrustosus vel sub- frucicosus, laxus vel arctus adnatus, lobis 0.1-—5 mm latis, brevibus et rotundatis vel lineari-elongatis, plus minusve planis vel convexis. Superne sorediis pseudocyphellisque destitutus, vulgo isidiatus; persaepe HNO ,+ aeruginosus vel atrovirens, raro HNO, + violaceus vel non reagans. Subtus plerumgue rhizinosus.
Type species: WNeofuscelta pulla (Ach.) Essl.
Synonym: Parmelta subgenus Neofusca (Gyeln.) Essl.,
Uemuattori, Bot. ab. 42:5 97% L977.
subgenus NEOFUSCELIA
Neofuscelta adpteta (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta adptcta Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. hie Denkschr. 104: 351, 1941.
Neofuscelta ahtit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- Melia anti. -Essla, J. Hattori /Bot. Lab. 42: / 99% OVE.
Neofuscelta appltcata (Stizenb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta proltxa var. applteata Stizenb., Ber. thatick wot suGcalleiNatunwiss. Ges. «LOS/-Go> « 163. lestsio ie
Weojusce td attica (Leuckert™ e@) al). Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa var. attica Leuckert et Alea Vesa. NACH ece apse UOO w= LOT,
Neofuscelita attitcotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta .2veLCotdes Essl., gd. Hattori Bot. Labs 42: POlee bLO7.7%
Neofuscelta brattit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pomel taepravet: Essl. in -C. Fs Culb. & ESsl. = eryolo— gist 79: 42. 1976.
50
Neofuscelta brunella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta bruneltla Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 103% IDEN RAS
Neofuscelta cafferensis (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta cafferensts Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: LOZ ce LOS Ts
Neofuscelta caltgtnosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmel1ta caltginoea Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab.) 42: OD aL Ove 3
Neofuseelta conturbata (Miill. Arg.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Parmelta conturlata Mill. Arg., Flora 71: 9. 1888.
Neofuscelta crustulosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta crustulosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42. 106. 1977.
Neofuscelta deltset (Duby) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia oltvacea var. deltset Duby, Botan. Gall. 2: 002.,,- 1230.
Neofuscelta dregeana (Hampe) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta dregeana Hampe in Nyl., Syn. Method. Lichen.: 398... 1858-60.
Neofuscelta ephebotdes (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta epheboides Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 104: 353. 1941.
Neofuscelta erythrocardta (Mtill. Arg.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa var. ery throcardta Mill. ALG. ee Lora oe: ~ 290. L879.
Neofuscelta fissurina (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta fissurtna Zahlbr., Ann. Mycol. 34: 172. 1936.
Neofuscelta foveolata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta foveolata Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: ee sk.
Neofuscelta glabrans (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pormeltasc_gurans Nyl.., Flora, 58:5 15 uals 155
Neofuscelta imttatrtx (Tayl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Poarmeliaeigrtatrix-Tayl:, bond. J., Bot. 63:,, Lew 1847.
Neofuscelta tneantata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia- tneantata Essl., J-sHattori Bote Lab wece Vi Site ode
Neofuscelta tneompostta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita tneompostta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. AZ ee AEG. Lod «
Neofuscelta tnfrapallida (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: FParmelta tnfrapallida Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Labs G2 fae tO 35) LOT is
St
Neofuscelta kenyana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta kenjana Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 117. LOTT
Neofuscelta lichtnotdea (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta lichtnotdea Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bote l4eae 9. 1876.
Neofuscelta litneella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Poarmée lid atineella. Essl.ji1d« Hatton Bot. “Lab. 42: 118. LOG.
Neofuscelta lorilola (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parnelta Lortloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 119. LOT.
Neofuscelta loxodella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Porymetta loxodelLla Essl. in C.F. Culb. & Esslz; Bryol- Goaec. (9° 435° 1976.
Neofuscelta loxodes (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Barme liaelonodes, Nybig. Flloral55= 4.426. .1872:
Neofuscelia luteonotata (J. Stein.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- jonym: Parmelta lutéonotata J. Stein., Verh. K. K. ZOol.=Bot. Ges. WienGl2: §472., (1902.
Neofuscelta martinit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia martinit Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
G25 yl O77.
Neofuscelta melancholteca (J. Stein. & Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia melancholica J. Stein. & ZantpoVaas neal be. , bot. Janrba Syst» 60: 9 5077. 1926;
Neofuscelta melanobarbattca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Parmelia melanobarbatica Essl., J. Hattori Bot. a Disc se Ae OF FS
Neofuscelta minuta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetia minuta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 125. Oeil.
Neofuscelta nakuruensts (Essl.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta nakuruensts Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
2 ORCL O97 5/<
Neofuscelta namaénsts (J. Stein. & Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta namaénsts J. Stein. & Zahlbr. feoan Lome bOb. JanrbD.sSVSt-e00t) 50S.) ELIZ6.
Neofuscelta occidentalts (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta oectdentalis Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. BZ Ne 20 eG LOTT.
Neofuscelta parviloba (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia parviloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: (129. LOTT *
Neofuscelta peloloba (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia peloloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 129. VOT 7...
Die
Neofuscelta petritseda (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta petriseda (Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.- Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 10425 5352.) 194i
Neofuscelita ptctada (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pictada Essl. in C. Fi Culb. €teal;eeryolcs gist 80: 131. 1977.
Neofuscelta plana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- metta plana Essl., J. Hattori Bots lab... 42:32 soe
Neofuscelta pokornyt (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Imbeicarita pokorryt Korb. in Pokorny, Verh. K.-K. Zool.- BotaeGes.. Wien 10: 285. 1860:
Neofuscelta proltxula (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxula Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bot. ee OS NO I.6.
Neofuscelta pulla (Ach.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: FPar- melta pulla Ach., Synop. Method. Lichen.: 206. 1814.
Neofuscelta pullotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pullotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: deo Sere 97s
Neofuscelta pustulosa (Essl.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia pustulosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
HRSiS ae Pras 7 he
Neofuscelta pyrenateca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym:
Parmelta pyrenatca Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
ed Oi LOL 76
Neofuscelta ryssolea (Ach.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Dufourea ryssolea Ach., Lichenogr. Univers.: 525. LBLO.
Neofuscelta scatrella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetta scairella Essl. in CscF. Culbssetreale meu GOLOgisiba oO 3342 971977.
Neofuscelta serpultna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta serpultna Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
Las eo ee
Neofuscelta spestca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- melta spestca Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 143. 197%
Neofuscelta squamans (Stizenb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta squamans Stizenb., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gall. Naturwiss. Ges. 1887-88: 164. 1889.
Neofuscelta squamaritata (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta squamartata Nyl. ex Crombie, J. BOte Lacan ALOne ok 76.
Neofuscelta stygtodes (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta stygtodes Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bot. oe See Lod 5
Neofuscelia subhosseana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subhosseana Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42:
A eS eae bel oe Wr ae
Jo
Neofuscelta subtmttatrtx (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta SULUNPLatYia Bessie, ds Hattor: Bot. Lab. 42: TAS L977.
Neofuscelta sulancerta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subtneerta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: USOOsMN CLOT Ls
Neofuscelta suWwerrucella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: rarmelia sumerrucetia Essl. in C. F. Culb.. et are eEVOLOGLSe SOs 3G. 8LO77e
Neofuscelta tatimtrix (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta tatimirtx Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: TESya hy URS TF ar
Neofuscelta tentacultna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pormmeltosrentacilina ESssl., J. Hattor: Bot. Lab. 42: Laie 1977.
Weofuscelta trachythalltna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta trachythallina Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Bap wea.< wool. LOTT.
Neofuscelta vertstdiosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta vertsitdtosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: jb cyeysy walle yi
Neofuscelta verrucella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta verrucella Essl. in C. F. Culb. et al., Bry- Clogi ota 2-a, P5472. ah 9%7.7 >
Neofuscelta verrucultfera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta verrucultfera Nyl., Flora 61: 247. ier ites
Neofuscelta watporiensts (Hillm.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta uatportensts Hillm., Repert. Spec. Nov. REGnimVegw45:) 617358 1938.
subgenus ATROVIRIDIS (Essl.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Neofusca section Atroviridis Essl., JemHattori bot. Wab.u42:) 115 /.71O77. | Type tspecies: Neofuscelia atroviridis. (Essa) \Essl.
Neofuscelia atroviridis (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta atrovtrtdis Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: eet ee Dsl.
Neofuscelta chtricahuensts (R. Anderson & W. Web.) Essl., comb. Basionym: Parmelta chtrtcahuensts R. Anderson Sawewweb.i, ‘Bryologist 65-7) -234. 19627
LITERATURE CITED Esslinger, T. L. 1977. A chemosystematic revision of the
brown Parmeliae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 1-211. Hale, M. E., Jr. 1974a. New combinations in the lichen
Hale, M. E
wel o Tac.
~e) Lo 74a:
genus Parmotrema Massalongo. Phytologia 28: 334-339. -, Jr. 1974b. Delimitation of the lichen genus
Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale. Phytologia 28: 340-341. Bul bothrtx, Parmelina, Reltetna, and Xantho-
parmelta, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytol-
ogia 28: 479-490.
New combinations in the lichen genus Pseudo -
parmelta Lynge. Phytologia 29: 188-191.
. 1976. Synopsis of a new lichen genus, Everntas trum Hale. Mycotaxon 3: 345-353.
MYCOTAXON
On ihc NOs aes DDi., 09-07 April-June 1978 RMN Maage Caine et Eee yo lye) peewee
A NEW MEXICAN SPECIES IN THE LICHEN GENUS EVERNIASTRUM HALE (PARMELIACEAE)
ROBERT S. EGAN
Department of Btology Texas A&M Untverstty, College Statton, TX 778438
Hale (1976) established the lichen genus Everntastrum to include species previously grouped in Parmelta subgenus Evernttformes (Hue) Hale & Wirth (Hale & Wirth, 1971). Hale's (1976) synopsis of Everntastrum included 21 species of which 12 are known from Mexico. This paper describes a new species, Hverntastrum mextcanum Egan, the thirteenth Mexican taxon.
EVERNIASTRUM MEXICANUM Egan, sp. nov.
Thallus (Fig. 1) ut in Everntastrum neoctrrhatum (Hale & Wirth) Hale sed differt acidum protocetraricum continente.
Thallus subfruticose, to 15 cm broad, mineral gray above; lobes linear, 1-2 mm wide, elongate, channeled, with a pored epicortex (Fig. 3), lacking soredia and isidia; margins of lobes sparsely short ciliate (Fig. 4); lower surface smooth and very sparsely rhizinate, colored white to tan near the ends of the lobes, turning brown to black toward the center of the thallus; apothecia frequent, up to 8 mm in diameter, imperforate, subterminal; pycnidia common; white maculae inconspicuous or lacking; asci glo- bose; spores hyaline, non-septate, ellipsoid or kidney bean- shaped, 8 per ascus, 7-10 x 14-18 um.
Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red, atranorin and protocetraric acid.
Holotype: MEXICO. Jalisco: Municipio de Jalpa, Cumbre del Tejamanil, pine-oak forest, 2200 m, on trees, R. Gonzales, 25 October 1971 (US; isotypes at Texas A&M University-Biology Department Herbarium, and MIN). Since
56
Figure 1: Everntastrum mextcanum, portion of the holo- type (US). Scale in mm. Figure 2: FE. pachydermum, portion of B. Rambo 102 from Porto Alegre, Brazil (US)... Scale in mm. Figure 3: E. mexicanum, SEM photograph of upper surface showing pored epicortex (X 2000). Figure 4: EF. mexicanum, SEM photograph of a single lobe showing marginal cilia and rhizines (X 160).
SY,
material upon which this species is based was sent in ex- change from Dr. Gast6n Guzman in Mexico City, I assume that an additional isotype may also be located at ENCB. The material I received was abundant in the packet and chemically uniform.
As in several other Everntastrum species, FE. mextcanum is morphologically indistinguishable from EF. neoetrrhatum (Hale & Wirth) Hale, the most widespread and abundant Everntastrum species in Mexico (Hale, 1976). Chemically it is identical to #. ltmaeforme (Tayl.) Hale (Hale, pers. comm.), HE. arsenet (Hale & Wirth) Hale, and Z. pachydermum (Hue) Hale, all producing the medullary depsidone proto- cetraric acid. However, HE. ltmaeforme is isidiate, £. arsenet is very densely rhizinate below, and FE. pachyder- mum is a more robust, coriaceous plant with broader lobes, longer and more abundant cilia and rhizines, a black lower surface, and distinct white maculae on the upper surface (Fig. 2). It grows on rocks and soil in southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay (Hale, 1976). EF. neocetrrhatum, although morphologically identical, produces norstictic, salazinic, and protolichesterinic acids.
im@ehank Dr. Mason E. Hale, Jr. (US) for the loan. of material of #. pachydermum for comparison and for his critical comments on the manuscript. I thank Dr. Gastdén Guzman (ENCB) for sending the material of this new species.
LITERATURE CITED
Hale, M. E., Jr. 1976. Synopsis of a new lichen genus, Everntastrum Hale (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 3: 345- Sioa le
& M. Wirth. 1971. Notes on Parmelta subgenus Evernttformes with descriptions of six new species. Phytologia 22: 36-40.
MYCOTAXON :
Vole Vid Geel. pp. 58-60 April-June 1978 |
PEZIZA UMBILICATA KARSTEN, AN OLDER BUT UNAVAILABLE NAME FOR PEZIZA OSTRACODERMA, APOTHECIAL PEAT MOULD
HENRY DISSING
Institut for Sporeplanter, Kébenhavns Universitet ~. Farimagsgade 2D, 1353 Kgébenhavn, Denmark
AND RICHARD P. KORF
Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
For many years the junior author avoided proposing a new species in the genus Pezgiza for what he considered to be an undescribed species with the peculiar anamorphic state now known as Chromelosportum fulvum (Link) McGinty, Hennebert § Korf tm Hennebert & Korf, or as C. ollare (Pers.) Hennebert. This is the common "peat mould" of greenhouses, mushroom beds and firesites known also under a variety of misapplied names (Hennebert §& Korf, 1975). When the apothecial (teleomorphic) state was described as a new species, Pitcarta fulva Schnei- der (1954), the junior author was unable to transfer that epithet to Peztza because of an earlier homonym, P. fulva Micheli ex Persoon (1822), and he thus proposed a new name for Schneider's discomycete, Pegiza ostracoderma Korf (1961).
One additional name was later found (Hennebert §& Korf, 1975) for the apothecial state, Discina cinerophila Sturgis tm Ellis & Everhart, published in 1896, but without a de- scription and hence not validly published and unusable.
The senior author has recently discovered that P. A. Kar- sten described this species from Scandinavia a century ago as Pegtza umbtltcata Karsten (1868), with a description on the label of his Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati #729. We have both con- pared Karsten's exsiccati with recent collections of Peziza ostracoderma, and there is no doubt that they are synonyms. Cooke (1877) failed to illustrate the reticulum (FIG. 1) on the ascospores, which were shown as warted; Schneider (1954)
og
FIG. 1. Photomicrographs of ascospores from Karsten, FR. Fenn. /Exs.)/29(K),°X20002 Photos by H.D.
made the same error in interpretation of the spore ornamenta- e1on, corrected by Korf (1961). We have chosen the Kew Her- barium specimen of Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati #729 as the LECTOTYPE for this name}: other portions of this collec- tion in other herbaria become ISOLECTOTYPES of P. umbilicata.
Unfortunately, Karsten's name cannot be applied to the apothecial state of peat mould when it is treated in Peatza since it is a later homonym of the much earlier P. wmnbtlica- ta Persoon (1822). [A still later homonym, P. wnbiltcata Berk. & Curt. tm Berkeley (1875), does not affect Karsten's name.| Karsten's name is surely worthy of note in that it provides the earliest available epithet which can and should be used if the apothecial state of peat mould is treated in another genus (though in the process it will lose direct ref- erence to Karsten). As a later homonym, Karsten's name is illegitimate [Art. 64, International Code of Botanical Nomen- elatures(staticu, 1972)].) But when Saccardo’ (1889) cata= logued Karsten's species as "Disctna umbtiteata Karst.," the epithet took on new life since there was no earlier homonym Oe. situanethat genus; the correct author citation for it is Peianbe li cata Saccw, not Ds unbiiteata. (Karst «) <Sacc: as one might normally assume (Art. 72, Note, ICBN). Since some au- thors do not circumscribe Peziza in the way we do, but would prefer to range the species in Galactinia, Plicaria, or some other genus, Saccardo's epithet should be used» there ina new combination, not Schneider's (1954) nor Korf's (1961). The type specimen of Saccardo's name is automatically Kar- sten's type specimen, designated above.
Hennebert & Korf (1975) provided a full synonymy of both the anamorphic and the teleomorphic states of peat mould. The apothecial (teleomorphic) synonymy should be expanded from that given bv them:
60
PEZIZA OSTRACODERMA Korf in Mycologia 52: 650. 1961 ('1960'), a name change.
= Pltearta fulva Schneider tn Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. 2 Abt. |08: 1535 1954 sinonse ese 2de id Mach. | Pers. 1822:
= Pezgiza umbtltcata Karst., Fungi Fenn. Exs. /29. 1868, nom. } tilegit. (later homonym), nec P. wnbiltcata Pers. 1822% nec P. wnbiltcata Berk. & Curt. tm Berk. 1875.
= Discina umbilicata Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 100. 1889 (Qt Karst. .)..
= [Disctna cinerophtla Sturgis tm Ellis §& Everh., North Am. Fungi 3500. 1896, nomen nudum. |
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for the opportunity to examine the Karsten exsiccati specimen, Professor Donald H. Pfister, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University for bibliographic assistance, and Prof. Pfister and Miss Linda M. Kohn, Cornell University, for editorial suggestions. The junior author acknowledges finan- cial assistance from National Science Foundation Grant DEB75- ZOD Te
REY ERENCES “CETED
BERKELEY, M.J. 1875. Notices of North American fungi. Gre- villea 3: i45-160.
COOKE, M.C. 1877. Mycographia 1(4): 137-178, pl. 61-80. London.
HENNEBERT, G.L. & R.P. KORF. 1975. The peat mould, Chrome- Losportum ollare, conidial state of Peztza ostracoderma, and its misapplied names, Botrytts crystallina, Botrytts spectabtlts, Ostracoderma eptgaeum and Peztza atrovinosa. Mycologia 67: 214-240,
wipe P.A. 1868. Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati,; Cent? VIG
bo.
KORF, R.P. 1961. Nomenclatural notes. IV. The generic name Plicarta. Mycologia 52: 648-651. ('1960.')
PERSOON, C.H. 1822. Mycologia europaea 1: 1-356. Erlangae.
SACCARDO, P.A. 1889. Sylloge fungorum 8: 1-1143. Patavii.
SCHNEIDER, R., 1954. Pltearta fulva n. sp., ein bisher niche bekannter Gewdchshausbewohner. Zentralbl. Bakteriol.
Hy oreeszenpo MUO 4 boo.
STAFLEU, F. [ed.] 1972. International code of botanical no-
menclature. Regnum Veg. 82: 1-426.
MYCOTAZXON
VOl ey in eNO, 1.2 pp «61-67 April-June 1978
THE USE OF PIGMENTS AS A TAXONOMIC CHARACTER TOP DISTINGUISHASPECIES OF THE TRICHIACEAE (MYXOMYCETES)
MEREDITH BLACKWELL AND ANDREW BUSARD
Department of Btology Hope College Holland, Michtgan 49423
INTRODUCTION
For several decades taxonomists studying many groups of organisms have been redefining old terms and defining Bewmonespiny Order tovexpress the. principles’ of the "New Systematics...) It appears that. the emphasis. has been rightly shifted from merely naming static forms to under- Standing the interactions of individuals within populations and the relationships between one population and the next.
When One compares the taxonomy of the Myxomycetes to the taxonomy of many other groups it appears to be far behind. Intrinsic features of the group which make it difficult to proceed beyond this alpha taxonomic level and to apply methods of biosystematics include:
1} Large series of specimens are lacking for many Species.
2) The sporophore of the Myxomycetes is morphologi- cally simple so that even when a few additional plasmodial characters can be used, the total number of characters is Still small, and the range of variation due to environmen- tal or genetic differences is not well known nor statisti- cally analyzed.
3) The fact that myxomycete spores are wind dissemi- nated over wide areas and the absence of quantifiable Characters adds to the difficulty of interpreting any information on populations in nature.
62
4) Because of their small size, it is difficult to obtain enough field collected material for use of biochem- Lea Letechnvques ;
5) Although cultural techniques can overcome some of these problems by providing readily available material, only about 70 of 450 species have been grown from spore to spores imeagar culture (Clark and, Coligns, oa.
Needless to say, myxomycete taxonomy is bound by a rigid type concept, and although herbarium studies are necessary, other approaches are possible and should be used. This experimental method has been emphasized by Alexopoulos (1969). The present report)is a result@orue. search for additional characters which might be userulgin assessing interspecific and intraspecific variation in’ the Trichraceae:
Pigment analysis has been of great benefit to system- atists of a number of groups of organisms (Arpin and. Fiasson, 1971 ;"Harborne et al, 1973). This*techniquemna- been applied to four species of the Trichiaceae and) us) rele able in distinguishing them along established morphological lines. In addition, intraspecific variation found in threem of the species may be useful as a populational marker or an environmental indicator depending upon whether these varia- tions are genetically or environmentally controlled. It ism Significant that this technique provides an additional taxo- nomic character from small amounts of herbarium material of organisms that we have not been able to grow in culture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens from the University of Texas Myxomycete Coliection’ (IMG); a personal collectaon® GiB). andecne University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH) used in this study | are listed below. Identification of all specimens was madé |
Or verified using the keys of Martin and Alexopoulos (1969).
Pigments of two to four entire sporangia from each collection were extracted in 95% ethanol for one half hour at room temperature. The extracts were spotted on Baker- flex Silica Gel 1B thin layer chromatography plates (Baker Chemical Co., Phillipsburg, N. J.) and developed in a sol=am vent designed for pteridine pigments containing 2% ammonium — acetate: n-propanol (1:1) and 0.25% mercaptoethanol for up
63
to ten hours (Descimon and Barial, 1966). Even minor tem- perature or humidity fluctuations affect the results and care must be taken so that comparisons may be made of places developed at’ different’ times. On some occasions basic fuschin was used as a reference standard. Developed chromatographs were examined under UV light.
Specimens:
Hemitrichta calyculata (Speg.) Farr
IMG NZOo =r iowa, 15° ViEl9o9, (Core “Alexopoulos
UIMG=564)- Pennsylvania, Z2Z6O>Vie i957 ,~C: J. Alexopoulos, Pa- 30
nv = Lexas, Vil 1964," Co Dy Therrien
891 - Jamaica; 21 1 1966,-CG. J. Alexopoulos, Jam-62
b2l es Guade1 coupe, 24 kil 1905, C.J es Alexopoul'os
UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC
LO9L eyes 1426 1429 1610 1851
Dominica, 10 I 1966, M. L. Farr, 2121 Varginias 4 Vi11 967 (Cee. Alexopoulos GostaeRicas, Wl--V1.1 965.40. Aw Saenz, “UCGRS31 Costa Rica, 24°1X 1964-9) A. -Saenz,— UCR=203 inal and.. 19 Vili 96728). Key nolds. 1202 Plorida, to Vide LI6l. De Greager., 586
Hemitrtchta elavata (Pers.) Rost.
Zoo) — lowa, 20° 1X 19585 CG. J. "Alexopoulos, ia-60 DAS wArkansas, 1 fl 19655" 1. ES Brooks, 2/355
658 -- Washington, XII 1912, T. H. Macbride WIGle— bexas, 50) [TT 19695" WH. Henney ,. Jr:
(Die -=Michiganie dl) Xx 1956.0." votter, 11627
(oe "Michigan, 25") xe 1056" Ve "Potter, 11580
UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC MICH MICH
Hemttrtchta serpula (Scop.) Rost.
7 = Mexrco, B. Lowy, M85
Zioy—=-INcCerAmeri can twv.) Km 250, 15° bX L964) Certarro ll
1281 - Tennessee, 21 IIT 1967;.R: H: Petersen
UTMC UTMC
G.
UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC
1418 1419 1420
UCR1 08
UTMC
1998
Costa Rica 0uVe1 9635J- As rsaenz » .UCRZ0 Costa Rica, 2orvil 1963 5 Wi. Ac) Saenz. UGREO2 Gostay Ritcay S0eVill 1 Oost fe? Saenz.
Costa -Rica,7722/ i. fal 96647, Ere Morniseeg5Z
64
Metatrtchta vespartum (Batsch.) Nann.-Brem.
MB (1) - Virginia (?), Goldman
MEAG me -uVviroi na (2)/,. Ee We Oo Ge
MBaGs)m— Virginia (?).,. 2949, Ro eEy Carrigan
MLGH (6) = Michigan, 27. 1X 1956.0) Spotters sou, MIiCHE(/) a= Michigan, 12 VI11 (195658 potter a eLuGe MICH (3) = Michigan, 8 IX 1931), ES Bo Matwen sla MICH (9) - Massachusetts, 1902, Bs. M) Davis
MICH (10) - New Hampshire, 1910, W. G. Farlow
MECH (11), — California,..29° Xl 1942 SP. andohlakes MICH (12) - Michigan, X 1890, V. M. Spaulding
MICH. (13) =<Michigan, 16 VII 1946)-7.E2 Brooks aaa 54 MICH (14) = Michigan, 29 X 1931), bE. 8B. Mains) eestor MICH CLS) j-aMichigan, 1. VIL L950, Ves Potten ge LOgez
OBSERVATIONS
Chromatographic data from entire sporangia of four species of trichiaceous Myxomycetes are presented in Table 1. In visible light the spots. appear pale veltowscr orange;, color of UV fluorescence 1s shown, in Tablemgiz Although all of the specimens examined exhibit certain commonespoOts, there are intérspeci fic, dit ferences. cacie total: patterns... Spots 2 and 4 (Table 1l)) are presentmniam four of the species. Hemttrichta calyculata is easily detectable because 1t has spot: 9 which hasia_greatewsne value than any of the other spots and fluoresces purple in UV light. ~The chromatograms of the other species lack spot 9. Hemtrichta serpula and Metatrichta vesparium are different from #. clavata and H. calyculata by theslackeon spot 1. Metatrtchta vespartun has spot 8, but unlike spot. 7 of othemsspecies which has the same Rp valuesaae does notetiuonesce, 1n UV Light.
Intraspecific differences are evident. They cannotare correlated with collection locality, known habitat differ- ences, or specimen age and treatment. Even specimens which appeared faded gave chromatographic results recognizable for the spécies;, in these cases since less pigment was available more alcoholic extract had to be applied to the chromatographic plate.
65
me 1c0 | j|}CO
aime IN
N t [st [+
Serene Oo Olo lo Ee e Ca ea =|S |= fH RIE |B
=) SS
\O N + rei UO = = ro foapooe [TTT pai pina XIX|XIX}X|XIX]X X{X}|X| XXX fe [sofome CELE) LT EPEL EEL PREECE EEEEETEE EEE 5 fesofyenson [xlelabeietahe! TTT TTT Pfeil xp ps [-ssforone [TTT TTT TTT [2 {-sefvenzew _ [fafa eff xf x fax fae x x ce ax ja [-refvensow | TT LY fap xpebetadebatada bata belated TTT TE [0 | 0 frome ffx) eff) fat epee pepe ape eda ea
H. serpula H. calyculata H. elavata M. vespartum |
OTN
Te) N Ne) rr OO =, == 55
UTMC225 UTMC1 28 UTMC1998
Ln Ne) N CS) = ==
. J UTMCI961 ares eal iw Ses [ie a eae ees es
as UTMC1851
DISCUSSION
Plasmodial pigments in some physaraceous slime molds may
act as photoreceptors in presporulation events (Daniel, 1966;
Rakoczy, 1963; Wormington and Weaver, 1977) and are retained —
in the sporangia. The fact that none of these pigments is yet chemically characterized points to the complexity of the
components. Less is known of the pigments present in the I
sporangia of triacheaceous species; even plasmodial color is not known for some of these species, nor is it known whether
these pigments act as photoreceptors during sporulation. 1
Although the species tested appear to contain common pigment components, until the chemical nature of these pigments, their possible function, and the environmental and genetic influences upon them are known this character is of no phylogenetic use. But, in the species observed, differences in pigment profiles do correlate with morpho- | logical species and provide an additional character at this _ Level.
Variation within morphological species may indicate environmental or genetic variation. During routine culture of species of Physarwn, differences in sporangial pigmenta- tion may sometimes be correlated with lighting conditions. This phenomenon was experimentally studied by Brandza (1926a, 1926b) who placed pieces of the same plasmodia in conditions of shade and direct sunlight and found that color (intensity) varied in the sporangia which developed. On the other hand, the extreme differences in plasmodial color of certain isolates of Didymiun irtdis (Ditmar) Fries have been shown to be genetically determined (Collins and Clark, 19662+Coltins;: 1966).
Se eee
We are continuing this survey of trichiaceous species to see if others can be characterized on the basis of pig- ment components and are looking at laboratory cultured specimens of physaraceous species in order to determine if infraspecific differences are environmentally or genetically controlled.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our appreciation to Dr. C. J. Alexopoulos and | Dr. R._.L.- Shaffer, who Joaned specimens, and to Dr. P. Van Faa! who read an early manuscript. Financial support from a Mellon
Faculty Development Grant (to MB) and NSF-URP SM176-83612 (to is gratefully acknowledged. :
67
LITERATURE CITED
Alexopoulos, CG. J. L909.) “Therexperimental approach to the taxonomy of the Myxomycetes. Mycologia 61: 219-239.
ArDiUeeN, ands). le Fiassonr. slovie lhe prements of Basidiomycetes: their chemotaxonomic interest, p. 63-98. waeEVvVOlUtION Of the Higher Basidiomycetes, R. H. Peéeter= sen, ed. Univ. of Tenn. Press, Knoxville.
Brandza, M. 1926a. Sur l'influence de la chaleur et de l'évaporation rapide sur les Myxomycétes calcarées Mivantecisplein sOLeil., "C2 eR. ACads oCly Paris 182: 987-989.
1926b. Sur la polychromie des Myxomycétes Vane Cn pleinssoleil® ~G.eRe Acad. Sci. Paris 182: 987-989.
Clatwem onaeOr Rt Collins. 919772" Studres-on the mating Systems of eleven species of Myxomycetes. Amer. Jour. BOE. uO S32 2465=/189
Comins, 0. R- 5 1969 <Complimentation between two.color mutants in a true slime mold, Didymium iridis. Geneticsm05 95-102,
ANGsJULmGlork. i JOG we lnneri tance,o1. the. brown plasmodial pigment in Dtdymtum trtdis. Mycologia 58: 743-751.
Daniel, J. W. 1966. Light-induced synchronous sporulation of a Myxomycete - the relation of initial metabolic changes to the establishment of a new cell state. Pyace Ligoyncnrony, «ls L«sGameronvand.G. Ma. (/Padil la, seds:. poet 152) AcademiciPress Na Y:
Descimon; "H.-and M- Barial.-“1966" “Separation of natural pteridines by thin layer chromatography. Jour. Chromatog.. 25: 591-397 .
Harborne, J. B. 1973. Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Halley London! 1278 pp.
Martin, G. W. and C. J. Alexopoulos. 1969. The Myxomycetes. UitvemOtuslOWaat Tress, LOWasGLty. | #s0uempe weincl: 41 col. Daa
Rakoczy, L. 1963. Influence’ of monochromatic light on the fructification of Physarwn nudum. Bull. Acad. Polon. Demmocle tOCl DIO el 55062.
Wormington, W. M. and R. F. Weaver. 1976. Photoreceptor pigment that induces differentiation in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 73: 3896-3899.
MYCOTAXON
Vote, Vil, iNo. ol, pp..68-90 April-June 1978
A CHECKLIST OF THE OPERCULATE CUP-FUNGI (PEZIZALES) OF NORTH AMERICA WEST OF THE GREAT PLAINS
HAROLD J. LARSEN, JR Tree Fruit Research Center, 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801 AND WILLIAM C. DENISON
Herbarium, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
This checklist is based upon published records and upon specimens in several, but by no means all, major North American Herbaria. Those Herbaria which have been searched with some thoroughness are those at Bureau of Plant sindustry, sBeltsville. (BPI); Cornell jUniv.. (CUR) Oregon State Univ. (OSC); San Francisco State’ Univ... (Ses. Univ. of British Columbia (UBC); Univ. of Washington (WTU) ; and Washington State Univ. (WSP). Herbarium abbreviations are after Lanjouw and Staffleu (34) with the following two additions. (RMD) represents the private herbarium of Dr. R..M, Danielson of the Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Calgary. Calgary, Alberta. (W-K) represents the private herbarium of Virginia Wells and Phyllis Kempton in Anchorage, Alaska.
The list consists of 231 species arranged in seven families. The families and, with rare exceptions, the genera are those recognized by Korf (31). The inclusion of some names and the exclusion of others has involved a series of arbitrary decisions by the authors. Where a recent monograph is available (e.g. ref. no. 3) the species concepts and synonymies of its authors have been followed. The references which follow each species include descriptions of the species. Commonly used syno- nyms are given for species only where the correct species epithet differs from that used in the references cited. Those species for which occurrence records have not yet been verified by either author or by recent monographers are marked with an asterisk, and additional species of dubious record are cited by name only at the end of the checklist.
Appended to the list are eight additional species whose previous generic placement is unsatisfactory according to current discomycete taxonomy. Most of these are species for which transfers should be made in the near future.
Order PEZIZALES Suborder SARCOSCYPHINEAE Family SARCOSOMATACEAE
Nannfeldtiella a aggregata Eckblad
Destress wALB. ‘ Herb: OS Gorike ere KOLrt. C2,) 7 3GRMD) Refs: GL
Neournula pouchetii (Berthet & Riousset) Paden Dust eb Dt. OR, WA Herb: EDeOoGesUDG Swoe Refs: Cope 4/'
Plectania melastoma (Sow. ex Fr.) Fuckel Dicer be Co CA; CO; ID; OR. WA Herb: BET CUR OoGyBoro >, UBG.FWwoe Refs: 9, 56
Plectania milleri Paden & Tylutki Distr 1 DesOR Herb: LDeOSG ewor Refs: 48
Plectania nannfeldtii Korf Dict ALBEE BaCr. COLL ED. OR. WA Herb: OSG eCRMD) 4SESe IWSP Refs: BOR 42
Pseudoplectania melaena (Fr.) Boud.
DEStyr : LDS COR. OWA Herb: as NY, OSC, UBC, WSP Refs: 56
Pseudoplectania nigrella (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel Dictt. mes Ca iCA COM LD. OR .Ul WA, WY
Herb: GUP. OSC, SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: 95.26 Sarcosoma latahensis Paden & Tylutki Dretr. HID, .OR* WA Herb: OSC; WSP Refs: 48 Sarcosoma mexicana (Ellis & Holway) Paden & Tylutki Distr a BoCewe LD OR WA Herb: OSGIUBC] WSS WT Refs: 48 Urnula hiemalis Nannf. Destr-ee-AK= ALB : Herb: (RMD), (W-K) Refs: Fait
Family SARCOSCYPHACEAE
Desmazierella acicola Lib. Des Er WOR: Herb: OSC Refs: 9
7.0
Microstoma peek (Fr.) Kanouse
Distr: ALB Herb: GUP, ro OSC, -CRMD) Refs: sy Pithya cupressina (Fr.) Fuckel Descee-mbeGe yCGA. ID, OR, WA Herb: NY OSC. SSES, UBC FeWSE aval Refs: 56 Pithya vulgaris Fuckel DESteeebD wGt4 GA. flD., OR.) WA Herb: Nyae0SC 25855 CUBC? WSP Refs: 56 Pseudopithyella minuscula (Boud. & Torrend) Seaver Distr CA OR Herb: NY" OSG Refs: 56 Sarcoscypha coccinea (Jacq. ex Gray) Lambotte Distr BICemCAs OR, WA Herb: BP ieweCUP aNY., OSCY-SESe UBEG Refs: 56
Suborder PEZIZINAE
Family ASCOBOLACEAE
Ascobolus
Distr Herb: Refs:
*Ascobolus
Distr: Herb: Refs:
Ascobolus
Distr: Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Distr: Herb: Refs:
*Ascobolus
Orstre Herb: Refs:
Ascobolus
Distr: Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Dist Herb: Refs:
albidus,) Crouan
AK, WA, WY
OSG: TRIG »"WSP
3 boudieri Quél.
WA
WTU
3 brassicae Crouan CA
FH
3
carbonarius Karst. ALEereb? Go; CAV OR NY@nOSG 4 o8S, UBC. eWIU 3
crenulatus Karst. ID
WSP
3
denudatus Fr.
CA
BPI
doliiformis Kobayasi AK BPI 26
Ascobolus foliicola Berk. & Br. Dieser 9 Cae CO: OR Herb: BEEP ONY oe OoG Refs: 3 Ascobolus furfuraceus Pers. ex Pers. Histor epee Ge wsGAy+CO -LD< OR. WA Herb: CUPS INYs* OSC: 2 WSe Refs: 3 Ascobolus geophilus Seaver Distey *COt. LD SOR Herb: BPT weNY Refs: 3 Ascobolus immersus Pers. ex Pers. DistT TAL weosG: *GO Herb: NYS" UBC Refs: 3 Ascobolus lignatilis Alb. & Schw. ex Pers. Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 3 Ascobolus michaudii Boud. Destr 94 b TGC. Herb: CUP, DOAM, UVIC Refs: 3 Ascobolus nodulosporus van Brumm. Distr CA Herb: FH Refs: 3 Ascobolus sacciferus van Brumm. Destress bee CA-. WA. Herb: CUPS uC UV EC Refs: 3 Ascobolus scatigenus (Berk.) van Brumnm. Distr: \ CA Herb: S Refs: 3 Ascobolus viridis Currey Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 3 Ascobolus xylophilus Seaver Distr <CO Herb: NY Refs: 3 Iodophanus carneus (Pers.) Korf Distr CAPNCOS LD, WA Herb: NY, OSC, WSP Refs: Loar 2) O Iodophanus testaceus (Moug. in Fr.) Korf Distr: OR, WA Herb: OSC, WTU Refs: 25, 06 Saccobolus depauperatus (Berk.& Br.) Hansen Drstr= = AK © CO, 1D; FOR Herb: BELSNY. Wor. Retest. eo). 2,
iia!
Sigs
Saccobolus glaber (Pers.) Lambotte
DSC oe eCU Herb: BEL, ONY Refs: 3} Saccobolus versicolor (Karst.) Karst.
Dustin WGA COED + OR Herb: DE GUE se, | OoG Wor Refs: 3
*Sphaerosoma hesperium (Setch.) Seaver Distr: CA Herb: NY Refs: Dee ets)
Thecotheus agranulosus Kimbr. Daistr “OR, "YUKON Herb: MICH, OSC Refs: 236
Thecotheus apiculatus Kimbr. Distr) “OR Herb: NY Refs: 23
Thecotheus cinereus (Crouan & H. Crouan) Chenantais Dict wi aCAteGO lL De nOR = UT Herb: NY; = WSP Refs: wee
*Thecotheus pelletieri (Crouan) Boud. Distr OR WA Herb: NY, WTU Refs: PAS oe SNe:
Family PEZIZACEAE
Pachyella adnata (Berk. & Curt.) Pfister
DEST: Herb: Refs:
MT, WA, WY Bele CUP =D. NY, Ru Py Kort, WIU O27 DY
Pachyella babingtonii (Berk.) Boud.
Distt ae Corel o Mis OR: awa Herb: CUPP UIMICGH: SONY OSG Refs: be Or pou: Pachyella c “ypeata (Schw.) LeGal Distrs =0CA Herb: BPL, re OSC Refs: LO. ery]. Peziza alaskana Cash Distrs WAK Herb: Bein?) Wor Refs: 3 Peziza ammophila Dur. & Mont. Distr iCA, TOR Herb: NYA? .0SG Refs: 9 Peziza ampliata Pers. DUSEL USS AZ OR: Herb: OSC Refs: 9
Peziza apiculata Cooke
DUSEY PAZ Herb: OSC Refs: 56
Peziza arvernensis Boud. Distr ~~ ALBA eiD, OR, UT. Herb: OSC, (RMD), WSP Refs: OREO Peziza badia Pers. ex Mérat DASE BAK ALB, -ByC.7, GA, <COv “ED ENM™ ORaeWA
Herb: BP CUR.) DOAM, NYO OSC SES) UBG aWoPy aWEU
Refs: Chae Meh, Sas) Peziza badioconfusa Korf Dae cree BSC ee SCA. WD, MACK | DIST. ORS UTC WA Herb: DOAM, NY, OSC, WSP Refs: Geer EDS ah! Peziza badiofusca (Boud.) Dennis
Distr. WA Herb: WSP Refs: 9
Peziza brunneoatra Desm. Distress CAsm COs sLDs ORs WA Herb: Drie NY OSC) GWor Refs: he Bale)
*Peziza brunneovinosa Clem. Dre tr OR Herb: OSC Refs: 56
Peziza cerea Sow. ex Mérat | Distr= NV,-OR Herb: BRIs| OSC Refs: 9
*Peziza concentrica Seaver Distr: CA, OR Herb: NY Refs: 56
Peziza domiciliana Cooke Distre supe Cot GA. «OR. Ul WA Herb: BE LSNY, nOoCagokse UBC). Wor, awl Refs: 56
Peziza echinospora Karst.
Dre Gray GON ILD. “NM==OR- UT Herb: OSC, WSP Refs: 9
Peziza emeleia Cooke Distr a, CA. 2CO, OR; UT Herb: BEIT, OSC Refs: 9
Peziza fimeti (Fuckel) Seaver Distr CO, cOR. Ul. WA Herb: NY20OSC. (SES Refs: 56
*Peziza griseorosea Gerard Distr: NM Herb: NY Refs: 56
73
74
Peziza limnaea Maas G. =P. limosa (Grelet) Nannf. Distr: AK, OR, WA Herb: OSC Refs: De e50 Peziza michelii (Boud.) Dennis
Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 9 Peziza micropus Pers. DIStr CO Herb: OSC Refs: 9
Peziza ostracoderma Korf Distr: OR, WA Herb: OSC, WSP Refs: 29
Peziza paludicola Boud. Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 9
Peziza petersii Berk. & Curt. DISC. Velb. Gi4,, OK, WA Herb: OSC Refs: 9
Peziza praetervisa Bres. Diet seALowsCO, 1D) OR Herb: OSC, (RMD), WSP Refs: Gee Ok
Peziza proteana (Boud.) Seaver Distr: CA, OR, WA Herb: BEL, 2OSG. SES. WIU Refs: 97.56, 62
*Peziza pustulata Pers. DIStLre CA. (WA. WY Herb: NY, SFS, WSP Refs: 56
Peziza repanda Pers. ex Pers.
Distr wtb. Gen, 1CO, . LD) MT SCOR VEWA aw Y
Herb: DEV ECUPSANY . OSG esols. “Wor Refs: 9 56 Peziza sepiatra Cooke Distr © boGe,. CO Herb: Serie tO5C.. UVIC
Refs: 9 *Peziza spissa Berk.
DISEreL MwA
Herb: NY
Refs: 56
Peziza succosa Berk. DESt?Y Rib Ga, 7 CA: LORs (WA Herb: BPI NY, OSC. UBC Refs: Se sie
Peziza sterigmatizans Phillips Distr: OR, WA
Herb: OSC Refs: 9
beziza sylvestris (Boud.) Sacc.’ & Trott. Drstro ab yCleeCA. ID) OR, Ul eWwAttuy Herb: BPI, NY, OSC, SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: DOE toy,
Peziza varia (Hedwig) Fr.
Decry: LD Herb: WSP Refs: 9
Peziza vesiculosa Bull. ex Fr. Distr 22 B2Gr" CA... CO, LD, OR: WA Herb: Boies CUPSMINY © OSC l= Sts eWorld WLU Refs: 9, 56
Peziza violacea Pers. DrstccereB.G., CA? "CO "OID, OR. UT .« WA Herb: NigtODG. shor UBDCIe Wor ewWLu Refs: PRA ie)
Plicaria carbonaria (Fuckel) Fuckel =P. trachycarpa var. muricata Grelet Distt sec ALbS OR Herb: OSC, (RMD) Refs: 9,
Plicaria endocarpoides (Berk.) Rifai =P. leiocarpa (Currey) Boud. Drestr mab Os. CA TD* MT*tOR* (WA Herb: CUE aNY «OSC... UBC] WSE) WLU Refs: 9, 56
Plicaria trachycarpa (Currey) Boud. DVStr eb. Geoe CO [Dee OR, WA Herb: NY, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: 94°56
Sarcosphaera crassa (Santi ex Steudl) Pouzar =S. coronaria (Jacq. ex Cooke) Boud. DIStrsyALb a AZ, BuGe) CA CO, ID, NM..OR)~ UT. WA Herb: BEL, aCURS Ny,» OSCY *CRMD). SaSES. (UBGre WSP Refs: 99,756
Family MORCHELLACEAE
Disciotis venosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Boud. Dict CATS COs IDs NMS .OR. aur Herb: BE lee CUP EN Yan OSG seo lone Wor Refs: 900
Morchella angusticeps Peck Dretr. SALB we reCA CO; SLD. UT WA Herb: OSC ICRMD SES. Wor Refs: 56
*Morchella crassipes (Ventenat) Pers. Dietrr > GAYS LD) aWY Herb: So. Wor Refs: 56
76
Morchella elata Fr. Distr tol Oe,. CA. LD, OR WA Wy Herb: CUPRO NY) OSC, SPS WSheawou Refs: oe DO
Morchella esculenta Pers. ex St.-Amans Dustr ) ALB 4 CA+ CO. 1D seMie CORee Ute we Herb: GUP, NY, OSC, (CRMD); -SFS¢-UBG) Worse WLU Refs: Dit 0
Morchella semilibera DC. ex Fr. Disor sul ORs “WA Herb: NYs OSC Wor Refs: 956
Ptychoverpa bohemica (Krombholz) Boud. DSi eAKt ALD By Gs, ‘GA -DD One Wwe Herb: CUPCANY, OSC, -CRMD). »SES#2UBCes Wor Refs: OF 62
Verpa conica Swartz ex Pers. DisSEraspPAL Berio .Ge, GA, CO; SD. JOR WA Herb: NY, OSC, (RMD), SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: Gee 56
Family HELVELLACEAE
Discina apiculata McKnight DictremmcA ID, UT, WY Herb: Bree o Rae) tet Gr
Refs: 38 Discina larryi McKnight DEST ie 21 Herb: BP Refs: 41
Discina leucoxantha Bres. Das tr wae ORee UT Herb: BR -OSG. Wor Refs: 38 Discina macrospora Bub&ak Dist cee AGH ejOR Herb: CUPS EH Refs: 38 Discina melaleuca Bres. Distr 7 COmnD,. OR, WA Herb: OSG WSP Refs: 56 Discina olympiana Kanouse Distr: WA, WY Herb: BET) MICH Refs: 38 Discina perlata (CFr.) Fr. Distr: AK: “ALB. , B.C.,° GA, GOvs ID ME, OR wl eee Herb: BPI. .BRY>. CUP, FH, MICH, NY, OSC; ;GRMD)2eaWoee WTU Refs: 38 Gyromitra ambigua (Karst.) Harmaja Distr WA ALB Herb: (RMD) Refs: 20
Gyromitra californica (Phillips) Raitviir
Doser bic erCA CO). * 0D, NVe* ORV WA: Herb: CURA NY, "OSCe> SFS37 UBCRAWSoE. WLU Refs: 56 Gyromitra caroliniana (Bosc ex Fr.) Fr. ips bie beCio GA a CO OR. (WA Herb: NYsw OSG) UBC. WU Refs: i 40 Gyromitra esculenta Fr. Derren bw be Gar GA GO. epee ORT WAMEWY. Herb: CUPS 1056G™ CRMD) = SES UBC) WSE- WLU Refs: 9 Gyromitra fastigiata (Krombholz) Rehm Distr: ALB Herb: (RMD) Refs: oy) Gyromitra gigas (Krombholz) Quél. Dict eee CA weCO DOR UL, WA Herb: OS CeeoroTeWol Refs: 56
Syeonttrasintulay (Schaeffer ex Fr.) Quél.
Dist Co erAK AUDA AL. D.0 4 CACO. De OR. UL." WA Herb: CUPS NY. OSG (RMD) 3 Shoe UDG. Woe Refs: 9 Helvella acetabulum (L. ex St.-Amans) Quél. Dare cr pee bar Ay. 22 BG). eGA GO. LD OR UL, WA Herb: CUPoESNY etO5G eCRMD) = —o Refs: TOF Ow Helvella albella Quél. Distr. AK se CO Herb: MICH, (W-K) Refs: On. Od Helvella albipes Fuckel Distr) ei.) Herb: NY Refs: 56 Helvella atra Holmskjold Distr: AK, MT, NM, WA Herb: NY, WTU, (W-K) Refs: 10, *Helvella brevissima Peck Dretree UCA Herb: CUP NY Refs: 56 Helvella connivens Dissing & Lange Distr. OR WA Herb: OSC Refs: 10 Helvella corium (Weberbauer) Massee Distr AK ALBA AZ.) B20 COs ID,0R.0 WA Herb: NY ROSG SC CRMD)'4 (OLS ah UDCm Wor a Woe Refs: Oe LO 6.) |*Helvella costifera Nannf. : Distr: AK,2’CA Herb: SFS, (W-K) Refs: LOe Lg
|
SED WOr, WLU UVC
(W-K)
Tae
78
Helvella Distr:
Herb: Refs:
Helvella Distr:
Herb: Refs:
Helvella DIStr:
Herb: Refs:
Helvella DLSCY :
Herb: Refs: Helvella
DESET :
Herb: Refs: Helvella
Distr:
Herb: Refs: Helvella
Nrece:
Herb: Refs: Helvella
Distxy:
Herb: Refs: Helvella
Distr:
Herb: Refs: Helvella
Dis Cr
Herb: Refs: Helvella
ae a
Distr:
Herb: Refs: Helvella
DUS tr:
Herb: Refs:
Helvella Distr:
Herb: Refs:
Helvella Distr:
Herb: Refs:
Grispa SCOp.) ex-Pr: AK. ALB .,. AZ, B.C.» CA,¢CO, 1D, (Nite ORS ao pee CUP; K, NY, OSC, SFS, UBC, WIU, WSP, (Wk) Ort 5 Oe
cupuliformis Dissing & Nannf.
AK, NM OSC, (W-K) TO} an
elastica Bull. ex St.-Amans AK; ALB., B.C., CA, CO, ID, NM, ORV Ul Waren
CUP, NY, OSC,. (RMD), SES): UBC, WSP (= WIU Ce Oe eek 9 OL ephippium Lév. ALB. 68 AZ, CA BPE= OSC, CRMD) 10.61 fusca Gill. sensu Bres. AK, OR OSC, (W-K) Oy GRY, lacunosa Afz. ex Fr. Akew AZ. B.C., CA, CO... LDj NM{e OR; aes BPL, CUP,-K,.NY, OSC, SFS;.WSP, WEUs (Wen)
ee Oo, 01 On
leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. in Lundell & Nannf.
AKG ABE! CA, CO> LD. ORs Uleewe NY, OSC, (RMD), SFS, WSP, WTU, (W-K) Oe Oe FO 1. leucopus Pers. CApw Pte OR. CUP aa. eNy. OSG. WSOP 10 macropus (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. AWN» B.Ge, CO} oLD. SOR BPI, NY, UBC, WSP, WTU, (W-K) ee LO 6 1: maculata Weber ALB. (RMD) 61 pegizoides Afz. ex) Fr. Gay CO. NM. OR OSC POE 26 1 philonotis Dissing OR OSC 10 quelétii Bres.. Ak: ALB, \BaCin> CAy CO, gL) 7 ORCI Wares CUP) OSG, (RMD), (S, WSE LCW-K) HG. Oe 2O.L solitaria (Karst.) Karst. AK SUT OSC, (W-K) LOR aL
Helvella stevensii Peck Distr: JOR Herb: OSC Refs: LOO’
Helvella villosa (Hedwig ex Kuntze) Dissing Dale cr PAK WALB oe GA 2” 1D. OR Herb: OSC, (RMD), (W-K) Refs: EO So 6k
Rhizina undulata Fr. Das er -b eG CA, TTD, MT OR. WA Herb: CUR SCNYS "OSG. SKS) UBC. WSP Wil Refs: OF 6
Wynnella silvicola (Beck ex Sacc.) Nannf. =Q. auricula (Schaeffer ex Cooke) Rehm Drstyeeenak, ALB., B.C., CO, ID? WA Herb: NYP OSC. (RMD) SES. UVIC, WSP Refs: iG ae
Family PYRONEMATACEAE
Aleuria aphanodictyon Kobayasi
Distr: ~ AK Herb: BPI Refs: 2
Aleuria aurantia (Pers. ex Hook.) Fuckel Deect os AZ Be GC. PCA ALD, VOR GWA Herb: CUP NY 2 /OSC V8 SES AW WSP, WIU Refs: 9, 56
Aleuria rhenana Fuckel Distr: CA, WA Herb: NyYewO0sc, SES Refs: 56
Anthracobia macrocystis (Cooke) Boud. Pacer) Bo Cw CGAY TD. OR Herb: OSG. WSP.
Refs: OSE 355555
Anthracobia melaloma (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Boud. Dpasereoe BIGlee CAS -CO. TD: OR WA Herb: Bele NYs OSG, eWoPe Wl Refs: OPO ee Oo
Anthracobia muelleri (Berk.) Rifai DEstr= + UT Herb: GUP, .0OSC Refs: SOMO
Anthracobia nitida Boud.
Peetr- VALB AWA Herb: OSCe.CRMD) =e UPS
Refs: 35 Byssonectria aggregata (Berk. & Br.) Rogerson & Korf Distr: ALB Herb: OSC, (RMD) Refs: eat *Byssonectria tetraspora (Fuckel) Korf Distr: AK Herb: BPI
Refs: 2160
80
Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. Distr. ALE: B:C., CA, CO, ID.) MPSsOR UEmwaeue Herb: CUP; NY; OSC, CRMD)){SFS.) UBC a WSU Refs: 56
Cheilymenia coprinaria (Cooke) Boud. Drees baG 3CA>. CO, ID, OR-AUL awe Herb: Nise OSG, ofS, UBC, WSFaawLU Refs: Sree. 0
Cheilymenia crucipila (Cooke & Phillips) LeGal Distr-s 1D7 WA Herb: NY, WSP Refs: Coad
*Cheilymenia pulcherrima (Crouan) Boud.
Distr: AZ, CA, WA Herb: Bel aN ia Woen Wel
Refs: 56 *Cheilymenia raripila (Phillips) Seaver Distr: CA Herb: GUES INY Refs: 56
Cheilymenia stercorea (Pers. ex Fr.) Boud. Dictrerw epee, £CAY &CO, 1D ORV INV EWA Herb: Bere CUR NY, “OSC, CUBG; BWoP anu Refs: So
Cheilymenia theloboloides (Fr.) Boud. Distr ee vAGE a hiGAG \CO.4 4 Di ORL WAC Wy, Herb: BEL; NY; OSC; .CRMD) WSP Refs: Shee... 50
Coprobia granulata (Fr.) Boud.
Distr wi GAy st Ds OR | WA Herb: Ooa SFS, WSP, WTU
Refs:
Coprotus aurora (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Dretrre. PAB. Wy Cain Herb: TRTC Refs: 26
Coprotus breviascus (Velen.) Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain DiUSthe WL Herb: TRIE Refs: 26
Coprotus dextrinoideus Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Distr.” ew,
Herb: LRG Refs: 26
Coprotus glaucellus (Rehm) Kimbr. Drecvaerh.G.., CO Herb: O56. TRTG Refs: 26
Coprotus granuliformis (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Distr oe eCOsNOR WY. Herb: NYo#0SG,4-cRIC Refs: 2672256
Coprotus leucopocillum Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Distr? (CAS. WY Herb: OSG. JIRTG Refs: 26
Coprotus luteus Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Deter: Mil. WY. Herb: DREG Refs: 26
Coprotus ochraceus (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Dace “CA TDs OR Herb: MICH, NY, WSP Refs: 26
Coprotus sexdecimsporus (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Distr’ CA.CO. WY Herb: NYSe TRIG Refs: TEIN ONS)
Coprotus winteri (March.) Kimbr.
Drestrs CO Herb: NY Refs: 26
Fimaria cervina (Phillips) van Brumm. Duster “OR Herb: OSC Refs: Z
*Fimaria hepatica (Batsch ex Fr.) van Brumm. Miser i CORVOR Herb: Bea aN Refs: V4 ee
*Fimaria porcina Svréek & Kubitka
Diese re tAK Herb: BPI Refs: 27 *Geopora clausa (Tul. & Tul.) Burdsall Distr ALS. Herb: (RMD) Refs: 4
Geopora cooperi Harkn. Desert Ake OAD GAy CO). 1D OR. TU a WA
Herb: OSG. -CRMD) “Vv Pa Refs: 4 Geopyxis carbonaria (Alb. & Schw. ex Pers.) Sacc. Ditccis- SAL be DeC nw OA. COMrLD ss ME OR, oui en WA Herb: CUP sOSG. CRMD)), WSPsew LU Refs: Oe SDR ANDI Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc. Distr: (CAs "OR Herb: Bea OSG WSE Refs: DS. Geopyxis vulcanalis (Peck) Sacc. Prstry WAbbe b.Go. GA, GO. ID. (OR) Ula WAga WY
Herb: BRL CUP NY, OSG 7 uCRMD) | ASES, eUBGre Woks aWlU
Refs: 56
Humaria hemisphaerica (Wigg. ex Fr.) Fuckel Paecr ss "AK ALB: 2 BS Cs CAga LD WA Herb: OSC. #CRMD B= SHSe UBClS WSs WEL. Refs: 9
Lamprospora crec'hqueraultii (Crouan) Boud. Dect r GO elD. OR Herb: NYe OSG. WSP Refs: eT eis)
81
82
*Lamprospora crouani (Cooke) Seaver Distr: CO, WA Herb: NY, WTU Refs: 7h aa:
*Lamprospora polytrichina (Rehm) Seaver Diser. 2 COS WA Herb: NY, WTU Refs: 56
*Lamprospora spinulosa Seaver Drei. #2 D. (OR Herb: NY, WSP Refs: 56
Lasiopelus, ciliatues(Fr.) Boud: Distr AK GA. GO. ID; OR; UT. WA Herb: CUPP ANY. OSG, SPS, WSEAawlU Refs: 9 227
Lasiobolus macrotrichus Rea
Dieser. ~ ‘OR Herb: OSC Refs: 9
*Lasiobolus ruber (Quel.) Sacc. Dastr-. (COs "OR Herb: NY; .OSC Refs: 956
Leucoscypha hetieri (Boud., ) "Ritad Bsc,
Drerre Herb: OSC Refs: 55
Leucoscypha rutilans (Fr.) Dennis & Rifai Dasitrn (CAG. CO} WA Herb: CUP INy, OSG, SES Refs: Cee ee0
Melastiza chateri (W. G. Smith) Boud. DESE 8 wal wero.” GOs LD + OR ywA Herb: NYve OSC, CRMD) , WSP., WIU Refs: Oe 56
Melastiza rubra (Batra) Maas G. Distr.” GAZ Herb: OSC Refs: ee 7,
Miladina lechithina (Cooke) Svréek Diste = LDEFOR® UT Herb: OSC Refs: 53
Mycoarctium ciliatum Jain & Cain Desire reGk 1CO Herb: TRG Refs: 33
Octospora leucoloma Gray Ditsires Ae CR CO TD AcOR Herb: Ber aNyY, OSG? UBC. WSP Refs: Oe 7.4655
*Octospora rubens (Boud.) Moser Distr: (CG WA Herb: Bea NYS WSsP Refs: 44
*Otidea abietina (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel bastrs AK, CO, OR, WA Herb: BPLESNY>. OSG, WIU,ECI-®) Refs: VOuG oN nine, Otidea alutacea (Pers.) Massee Distre WALBY. SCA. eEDy WA Herb: MECH OSC. (RMDDE (SES. WSOP Refs: oe 16 *Otidea bufonia (Pers.) Boud. Distr: CA, WA Herb: WTU Refs: 9 Otidea concinna (Pers.) Sacc. Dastre? CAs SLD. WA Herb: BEE MICH 20SCo SES wWwSe. WI Refs: oe Lo *Otidea grandis (Pers.) Rehm Distr: §2LDS WA Herb: Bris SME CH ANY. Wor Refs: Boze 6 Otidea\ leporina (Batsch) S. F. Gray pascce (ALB erAZimivp:. Co CA W.COU LD LOR WA). WY Herb: CUP, MICH, NY, OSC, SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: 16 ee 5 Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fuckel DiSscre “CA S.CO, LD, VOR, «WA Herb: CUP MICH OSC. Foto, “WSY aw LY Refs: 926 Otidea smithii Kanouse DiSctn © BVOC. weCA.| LD uWA Herb: MICH, OSC, WSP Refs: 16 Pseudocollema cartilagineum Kanouse & Smith Distr) ALB. CO. ME awa: Herb: MICH 2s0SC} (RMD) WSR Refs: 18 *Psilopezia nummularia Berk. pastry. 1D... WA Herb: BEL, WsP Refs: Fae ee Ol 6 Pulparia persoonia (Crouan) Korf, Pfister & Rogers Distr: AK
Refs: oF 30 Euiparia plachonis (Dun...) Kort) «Pfister & Rogers Distr= WA Herb: WSP Refs: SAGO ote ke bole: Pulvinula archeri (Berk. in Hook.) Rifai Bastin: IBS Ge ED. FOR? WA, Herb: BEA NY OSC 2 Woe. Refs: Sy Aaa eis: Pulvinula carbonaria (Fuckel) Boud. paste ACA EMT OR Herb: Bewa NY. 0OSG Refs: DO DD
83
84
Pulvinula convexula (Karst.) Pfister =P. constellatio (Berk. & Br.) Rehm Drecr om ae COM MT: OR. CA Herb: Dieta GUE NY), OSCe= WSe Refs: SP hav anes ha, Pulvinula globifera (Berk. & Curt.) LeGal
Drstre) TAZ Herb: OSG Refs: Sy
Pulvinula laeterubra (Rehm) Pfister DUS Gee Alibi Pb. C. Herb: OSC Refs: az Pyronema omphalodes (Bull. ex St.-Amans) Fuckel DiuStr SAL BE ab. Ge CA.) DD. UL awe Herb: OSC] CRMD) . UBC. WSP.> WIU Refs: eens 36 Scutellinia erinaceus (Schw.) Kuntze DPE CEST SLO RUT Herb: OSC, WSP Refs: 6 Scutellinia scutellata (L. ex Fr.) Lambotte DiS er UerAKer AGS joao Gs, CAY CO, SED DEN WORM WE Herb: CUPRENY; -OSC, CRMD), «SES. USCARWoUmwele Refs: Oh 94 555. 656 *Scutellinia setosa (Nees) Seaver DiS trémabyce.. CO WA Herb: GUPSUINY. (UBC, “WSP Refs: 56 *Scutellinia trechispora (Berk. & Br.) Lambotte DEUSET EN BAKE EGO Herb: BEL oN Refs: GrenZ 72786 Scutellinia umbrarum (Fr.) Lambotte DIStre peak A748 B.C. CArerCO AREDCENMagWA, Herb: NY. OSG. UBC, WSP. WIrU Refs: 6, 56 Scutellinia verrucipolaris Denison
Distr: WA Herb: WSP Refs: 6 Sepultaria arenicola (Lév.) Massee Distro. Go Herb: WSP
Refs: OF D6 Sepultaria arenosa (Fuckel) Boud.
DIStE = 7 7COs4OR Herb: Ny OSG Refs: Oe 56
*Sepultaria longii Seaver Distr: WA Herb: WIU Refs: 56
*Sepultaria pellita (Cooke & Peck) Seaver
Destr:, 7) AK Herb: (W-K) Refs: Bley, ee *Sepultaria semiimmersa (Karst.) Massee Distr: CA, OR, WA Herb: BELEN 2O5C. Woe Refs: 56 *Sepultaria sepulta (Fr.) Boud. Dore tree GAT ECO Herb: CUP Refs: Tes) *Tarzetta bronca (Peck) Korf & Rogers Dis tees (CO Herb: NY Refs: 56
Tarzetta catinus (Pers.) Korf & Rogers
Dalstyr Herb: Refs:
= CA, «CO, OR, WA
OSC, SFS, WTU va esne
marzetta cupularis (Ll, ex Fr.) Lambotte
Darcie aR Gan CAME CO: MLD OR. WA Herb: BEI CURA NY. OSC = oro. UDGe Wor ew Lu Refs: ee Be) *Thelebolus crustaceus (Fuckel) Kimbr. Distr.» AK Herb: BEL Refs: taal *Thelebolus microsporus (Berk. & Br.) Kimbr. Dicstriem “Ais CO Herb: Brie aN Refs: pag) *Thelebolus stercorius (Pers.) Fr. Das we B.C we CA WY Herb: CUP Refs: 22 Tricharina gilva (Boud. in Cooke) Eckblad Distr IED; OR Herb: OSC, WTU Refs: Hit wie Trichobolus octosporus Krug Distr: © eWy Herb: BEE ReLR LG Refs: as Trichobolus zukalii (Hermerl) Kimbr. & Korf DRS tne Ba Herb: CUP Refs: MARR IRE
Trichophaea abundans (Karst.) Boud.
Distr: Herb: Refs:
Dei Herb: Refs:
CA CO) 1D OR BE CUR 0S Ce. SES sey
= uophaca: poudtert Grelet
SP Abe:
85
86
Trichophaea brunnea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Batra & Batra
Distre ALB:
Herb: OSC
Refs: is Nis er pelo,
*Trichophaea bullata Kanouse
Disizme COLOR. MWA: WY.
Herb: BPI, NY, OSC, WTU
Refs: Ly.
*Trichophaea gregaria (Rehm) Boud. DistreeerCcO, OR} WY Herb: BEL, MICH Refs: 1g
Trichophaea hemisphaerioides (Mont.) Graddon DiGED aOR Herb: OSG Refs: 9
Trichophaea woolhopiea (Cooke & Phillips) Boud. Dis is CO Herb: OSC Refs: 9
QUESTIONABLE RECORDS
Family SARCOSOMATACEAE
Plectania rimosa Peck Sarcosoma globosa Caspary
Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr.
Family ASCOBOLACEAE
Boudiera marginata Phillips & Harkn.
Saccobolus seeeurde (Cooke) Phillips Family PEZIZACEAE
Peziza atrovinosa Cooke
Peziza chlorophysa Sacc.
Peziza convoluta Peck
Peziza rubricosa Fr.
Peziza secreta Phillips Family MORCHELLACEAE
Morchella smithii Cooke
Family HELVELLACEAE
Gyromitra brunnea L. ex Underwood Helvella oregonensis Ellis & Everh.
ee
Family PYRONEMATACEAE
Cubonia bulbifera Hotson
Humaria macrospora (Wallr.) Fuckel Humaria saccardoi Cavara
Humaria turbinata Snyder
Humarina axillaris (Nees) Seaver Humarina coccinea (Crouan) Seaver
QUESTIONABLE RECORDS: PYRONEMATACEAE (Cont'd.) Humarina orthotricha (Cooke & Ellis) Seaver Humarina purpurea Seaver Bes vopoOluSs#pLlLOsus (rr. ) soacc,
Neotiopezis sclerothrix Clem. Patella irregularis (Clem.) Seaver Patella piliseta (Clem.) Seaver Patella sequoiae (Phillips) Seaver arobius pachyascus Zukal
Ryp ECL p vy Scute inia chaetoloma Clem.
ADDITIONAL SPECIES WITH UNSATISFACTORY NAMES
Pachyellasaftfinities
Peziza'' melaleucoides Seaver DIStr : Be Gay De HOR. WA Herb: OSC. UVIC. WSP Refs: 56 "Paxina" recurva Snyder DUSTER 5 bee. pe Me WA Herb: CUPPP ING =) OSCo'ShOu UVIG, Wor, WLU Refs: DOM a9
Helvella-affinities "Paxina"’ compressa Snyder DEStr. CA, OR, WA
Herb: NY? OsGe SES, W1iU Refs: tole Mee, Leucoscypha-affinities "Pateila" maculosa (Phillips) Seaver DrsStri: CA Herb: CUP Refs: 54 56
"Humarina' ochroleuca (Clem.) Seaver Distr’ COZ=0R Herb: NY OSC Refs: 56
Tarzetta-affinities Pustularia" rosea Rea Distr: Bac Herb: OSC Refs: 9
Trichophaea-affinities "Patella" contradicta Seaver
DLStre Bece
Herb: OSC
Refs: 57 "Sphaerospora"’ hinnulea (Berk. & Br.) Massee Drstr: CA, OR, WA
Herb: BPT, WSP
Refs: oe 55, 56
88
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to express our appreciation to the curators and staff of the following herbaria for assistance during the compilation of this checklist: BPI, CUP, SFS, UBC, WSP, and WIU. Comments and a loan of annotated specimens by Dr. R. M. Danielson were particularly helpful in gathering data on Alberta, Canada collection records. Dr. Amy Y. Rossman kindly obtained the information for the UBC collections during visits there. Critical review of the final draft was graciously provided by Drs. J. W. Paden, D. H. Pfister, J. D. Rogers, and E. E. Tylutki. This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant (GB-6589) to one of us (WCD).
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MYCOTAXON
Pole vulseNo.: 15 pp. 91-96 Aprid=-June 1978
A NEW SPECIES OF MICROASCUS AND ITS PECULIAR CONIDIAL STATE
SHUN-ICHI UDAGAWA AND KOUHEI FURUYA
National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-chome, ‘Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan & Fermentation Research La- boratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiro-machi l-chome, Shinagawa- ku, Tokyo 140, Japan
During a taxonomical study of soil fungi in Thailand, a new ascomycete belonging to the genus Microascus was en- countered. The conidial state of this species is charac- terized by short annellophores and dark, globose, thick- walled, catenate conidia with a germ slit, suggestive of the genus Wardomyces, from which it differs in several Significant characteristics. . It cannot be accommodated in any known genus, and is, besides the ascosporic state, de- scribed here as new genus.
Microascus inopinatus Udagawa & Furuya, sp.nov. (Figs. ee 2)
Status conidialis: Wardomycopsis inopinata Udagawa & Furuya, st.nov. (vide infra)
Coloniae in agaro farina avenae mixto vel agaro cum decocto tuberorum et carota restrictae, tenues et partim Submersae, plus minusve floccosae; fructificationes coni- diorum abunde efferentes, atrocinereae vel fere nigrae; ascocarpae tarde effectae; reversum valde brunneo-cinereum.
Ascocarpae dispersae vel irregulariter aggregatae, Superficiales vel partim immersae, nigrae, opacae, subglo- bosae, 160-350 um diam, pilosae, postea longirostrae, ostiolatae; rostra atra, cylindracea, 550-1,000 um longa, ad basim 18-25(-28) um diam, pilosa, saepe distorta; peri- dium 20-40 um crassum, valde olivaceo-brunneum, membrana- cem vel carbonaceum, e usque 8 stratis cellularum composi- to. Pili ascocarparum (et collorum) numerosi, recti vel flexuosi, septati, laeves, olivaceo-brunnei, usque 130-250 um longi, prope basin 3.0-3.5 um diam, in fasciculis saepe dispositi. Asci octospori, globosi vel ovoidei, 6-9 x 5-7 um, tenues, nonstipitati, irregulariter dispositi, evanes- centes. Ascosporae primum dextrinoideae, hyalinae vel dilute stramineae, triangulares vel reniformes, 3.0-3.5 x 2.5-3.0 um, laeves, poro germinationis basilari praeditae. Status conidialis Wardomycopsis.
Typus No. 2767, NHL, isolatus e solo in thailandensis.
Etym. Refers to the unexpected morphology of the coni- dial structures.
Colonies on oat-meal agar or potato-carrot agar grow-
SA
ing restrictedly, thin, vegetative mycelium submerged, with more or less floccose surface; conidial structures abun- dantly produced, dark grey to nearly black (Leaden Grey to Black; Rayner, 1970); ascocarps later developed within aer- ial growth or into the agar; reverse dark brownish grey.
Ascocarps scattered or irregularly aggregated, super- ficial to semi-immersed, black, opaque, subglobose, 160-350 um in diam, later with a long neck, hairy, ostiolate; necks dark-colored, cylindrical, 550-1,000 x 18-25(-28) um, hairy: often distorted; peridium 20-40 um thick, dark olivaceous brown, membranaceous to carbonaceous, up to 8 cells deep in radial section, consisting of outer layers of thick-walled angular dark cells and inner layer of hyaline cells. Asco- carp hairs numerous, straight to flexuous, septate, smooth- walled, olivaceous brown, up to 130-250 um long, 3.0-3.5 um wide near the base, often adhering in fascicles, covering the exposed upper part of the ascocarp and the neck. Asci 8-spored, globose to ovoid, 6-9 x 5-7 um, thin-walled, non- stipitate, irregularly disposed, evanescent. Ascospores dextrinoid when young, hyaline to pale straw-colored, pale reddish brown in mass, triangular to reniform, 3.0-3.5 x 2.5-3.0 um, smooth-walled, with an indistinct germ pore at base. Conidial state present, Wardomycopsis.
Holotype - No. 2767, NHI, isolated from soil, Bangkhen near Bangkok, Thailand, February 25, 1974. Isotype - SANK LOT as
Wardomycopsis inopinata Udagawa & Furuya, gen. et sp. nov. (Peas wee 2)
Deuteromycotina, hyphomycetes. Coloniae restrictae, fuscae. Mycelium sparsum, partim superficiale, partim in Ssubstrato immersum, hyalinum vel dilute flavo-brunneum, ex hyphis vulgo flexuosis, ramosis, septatis, laevibus, 1.5- 3.0 um diam, saepe funiculosis compositum. Structurae conidicae simplices, annellophoris solitaris vel catervis annellophororum parvis acrogenis in conidiophoris brevibus. Conidiophora semi-macronemata, mononemata, septata, laevia, hyalina vel subhyalina, raro ramosa, 3.5-6.0(-12.0) x 2.0- 3.0(-4.0) um. Cellulae conidiogenae monoblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales, sed interdum dis- cretae, percurrentes, hyalinae vel leviter coloratae, simplices vel septatae, laeves, ampulliformes vel cylind- ricae, 3.5-5.0 x 2.5-3.0 um, saepe superne inflatae, cum annellationibus terminalibus distinctis. Conidia sicca, acrogena, basipetalia et breve catenulata, simplicia, pri- mum pallida et pyriformia, deinde olivaceo-brunnea, in massa nigra, globosa vel subglobosa, 4.0-5.5 um diam, parietibus crassis, laeves, cum fissura mediana (plerumque transversali).
Typus No. 2767, NHL, cum forma asScosporae (loc. cit.).
Etym. of generic name. Refers to position intermediate between Scopulariopsis and Wardomyces.
Colonies restricted, dark-colored. Mycelium sparse, superficial or immersed, hyaline to pale yellowish brown, composed of mostly flexuous, branched, septate, smooth- walled hyphae, 1.5-3.0 um in diam, often forming funicles.
ig. t. carp. Spores.
Microascus inopinatus Udagawa & Furuya. A. Asco- B. A portion of ascocarp hairs. C. Asci and asco- D. Conidial structures of Wardomycopsis state.
93
94
Conidial structures as annellophore borne singly along the aerial or prostrate hyphae, or in small divergent groups on short conidiophores. Conidiophores semi-macronematous, mononematous, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline to subhya- line, xarely branched, 3.5-6.0(-12.0)" @2.0-3.0(—4 7073 Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal but sometimes separated, percurrent, hyaline to slightly col- ored, simple or septate, smooth-walled, flask-shaped to cylindrical, 3.5-5.0 x 2.5-3.0 um, often swollen above, with distinct terminal annellations. Conidia dry, acroge- nous, borne in basipetal succession as a curved short chain, l-celled, pale-colored and pyriform when young, then becoming olivaceous brown, black in mass, globose to sub- globose, 4.0-5.5 um in diam, with walls thick and smooth, with a median germ slit running the entire length of one Side (mostly transverse).
Holotype - No. 2767, NHL, with the ascosporic state (LOC IECi tC seul SOty pe: — SANK LOT 7i..
Specimens cited are deposited as follows: No. 2767 (holotype) in the Mycological Herbarium, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences (NHL), Tokyo, Japan, and No. 10777 (isotype) in the Mycological Herbarium, Fermentation Re- search Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd. (SANK), Tokyo, Japan.
Upon most substrata containing vegetable extracts such as PDA, PCA or oat-meal agar, the ascocarps are produced fairly abundantly and ripen within about 1 month, and are usually cleistocarpic. Plate cultures are often not in good condition to show the ostiolate characteristic of the ascocarp. The long-beaked neck of the ascocarps is very slow to form and is ultimately seen on the agar slants after 18 months incubation. The development was so slow that it was difficult to establish the proper placement of the new species in the Microascaceae. When young the asco- carps are rather suggestive of Kernia (Malloch and Cain, 1971), but as these develop they assume a clearly differ- ent.
This species is somewhat similar to M. giganteus Malloch (1970) which is, among previous members of the genus, also unique in possessing a Wardomyces conidial state. Both species produce long-beaked setose ascocarps. However the present species has smaller perithecia, smaller and triangular ascospores, and globose conidia that are in chains.
The triangular pattern of the ascospores in M. inopi- natus is strongly reminiscent of those seen in some species of the genus, viz. M. trigonosporus Emmons & B.O. Dodge and M. pyramidus Barron & Gilman (Arx, 1975; Barron eural 7, 1961; Morton and Smith, 1963; Udagawa, 1962). The new species is easily distinguished from these similar species in the above mentioned appearance of the ascocarps, as well as in association with a conidial state of the 'Wardomycop- Sis' type.
“The Wardomycopsis state in this species is very char- acteristic. Although this state could not be identified
a5
ae 7%) as, S:
Fig. 2. M. inopinatus. A. Section of ascocarp. x400. B. Asci SencwascOospores. */50\. | Cx. Conidia. <2,000. 9Db.n Goni— dial structures (arrow: pyriform, young conidium). x1,500.
96
with any described genus, the ontogeny of conidial forma- tion may be analogous to that in Scopulariopsis (Morton and Smith, 1963). Of particular resemblances are the produc-— tion of annellophores and pyriform conidia with a truncate base (when young). Wardomycopsis belongs in the complex of several imperfect genera connected with the Microascaceae (Malloch, 1970) and occupies a position intermediate be- tween Scopulariopsis and Wardomyces. It differs from the former in the globose, thick-walled conidia with a germ slit (when matured) and the latter in annellated conidio- genous cells and catenate, globose conidia.
There are at least two Scopulariopsis species to be transfered to the new genus: Wardomycopsis humicola (Barron) Udagawa & Furuya comb.nov. (Syn. Scopulariopsis humicola Barron, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 294. 1966) and Wardomycopsis state (= Scopulariopsis state) of Microascus Singularis (Sacc.) Malloch & Cain. A comparison of our organism with the type collection of S. humicola Barron (CBS 487.66 = ATCC 16691) showed them to be distinct from each other because of the difference in shape of conidia. The conidia of the additional two species are normally long-ovate to short-cylindric or elliptical-ovate. M. sin- gularis also differs from this fungus in having nearly glabrous ascocarps and larger, heart-shaped ascospores (Barrenectual., 1961; Malloch and Cain; 2971 e
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Professor David Malloch, Department of Botany, University of Toronto, for reading the manu- script and making helpful suggestions.
REFERENCES
Arx, J+A. von. 1975. Revision of Microascus withytneraess cription of a new species. Persoonia 8: 191-197.
Barron, G.L. 1966. A new species of Scopulariopsis from soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 293-298.
Barron, Giinweren. Cain, andiJ.C. Gilman.) 961. Jthesqenas Microascus, (Can. J.iBot.. 39: 1609-T6Gte
Malloch, D. 1970. New concepts in the Microascaceae illu- strated by two new species. Mycologia 62: 727-740.
MallochoeD., "andar... Cain. spo 71s. the genus Kernia. Can. J. Bot. 49: 855-867.
Morton, F.J., and G. Smith. 1963. The genera Scopulariop- sis, Microascus and Doratomyces. C. M. I. Mycol. Pap. 86s, Jospp-.
Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological colour chart. C. M. I. & British Mycological Society.
Udagawa, S. 1962. Microascus species new to the mycoflora of Japan. J. gen. appl. Microbiol. Tokyo 8s ae35om
Oder leaNO. dei pp. 97-101 April-June 1978
TYPE STUDIES IN THE GENUS PEZIZA. II. OPERCULATE DISCOMYCETES DESCRIBED BY J. B. ELLIS AND CO-AUTHORS
Donald Hw P&ister
Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamte Botany, Harvard Untversity, Cambridge, Mass. 02138
In my continuing study of the genus Peztza I have examined the species described by J. B. Ellis and his co- authors. My task was facilitated by the use of A Record of ter ung1 Naned by J. 8. Elites by Edith Cash (1953). Species of Peztza referred to genera of inoperculate Disco- mycetes by Cash are listed at the end of this article.
More detailed comments on the operculate Discomycetes fol- low. Type specimens from the New York Botanical Garden have been examined where there have been no recently pub- lished comments.
Pez teanauraneropets: Ell... Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 3: re. 1882. |
EmUachneaauUranvilopstTer ull.) sace...moylil. Fung so 180. 1889. = Wolftna auranttopsts (E11.) Seav., Mycologia 29: 6509251937).
This is the type species of Wolfina Seav. ex Eckblad. Eckblad (1968) provides an accurate description of this species. The genus is placed in the Sarcosomataceae of the Sarcoscyphineae by Korf (1972).
Peztcamuracnypus Bil’. 6 ves J. Mycol 42955." 1888.
eNGeopyirs brachypuse (El & Ev.) “Sace s,)Syll. Fing. eenOo. 1889.
The fungus should be referred to Helvella section Macropodes. Seaver (1928) treated the species as a synonym of Paxtna subclavitpes (Phill. & Ell.) Seaver.
Pest carcestrived blll. & Eves. MYCoL. 72 loz O85.
eS numarta cestrica (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc., Syll. Fung, 3G: Has. £1889;
= Aleurta cestrica (Ell. & Ev.) Seav., North American cup-fungi (operculates) p. 28. 1928
The species is properly referred to Aleurta as was
98
done by Seaver.
Peziza ehlamydospora E11. & Ev., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 029987 "1883;
Authenic material in the Farlow Herbarium general col- lection from the type locality, and the type collection (NY!) 5 show this to be, close: to,: if) not udentical-withs Peztza atrovinosa Cooke. Seaver (1928) first listed this
synonymy.
Peziza hpainesty E1T., Bull. Torrey Bots. cubes moos 1881; North American Fungi no. 562.
= Lachnea. hainestt (BlL.) Sacez,.Syll., Fung..cemloce 1889.
Seaver (1928) treated this as a synonym of Paxtna semttosta (Berk. & Curt.) Seaver. Korf (1960) treated it as a synonym of Jafnea semttosta (Berk. & Curt.) Korf. My study of number 562 in Worth Amertcan Fungt (FH) bears out this opinion.
Pezisa ol.vatra.E1l.& Holw. ianeArthemetual. abu ae Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 3: 36. 1887.
= Humaria.olivatra (ELL, & Holw.) Sacc., Syll-eFune. Celio see Ooo.
Seaver (1928) reported this as an inoperculate Disco- mycete. The species seems best referred to the Dermate- aceae because of its dark ectal excipulum. The holotype (NY) has been studied.
Pegtza orthotricha Cke. & Ell. Grevillea 6: 7. 1877.
= Humaria orthotricha (Cke. & Ell.) Sacc., Syll. Bune fopetee ANAS) Paice heheh
= Humartna orthotricha (Cke. & Ell.) Seav., North American cup-fungi (operculates) p. 127. 1928.
This fungus has large operculate asci, globose or sub- | globose warted ascospres, and occurs on a moss. It appears — to develop cleistohymenially. It is a member of the genus Oetospora and should be compared with 0. meslinitt (Le Gal) © Svréek & Kubiéka which occurs on the same moss (Benkert : 1976). |
Peziza rhizomorphae Ell. & Ev., J. Mycol. 4: 98. 1888.
= Pleetania rhizomorphae (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 164, 1889.
= Seutellinita rhtzomorphae (Ell. & Ev.) Kuntze, Rev. GensaPiawa o20e, 1398.
This species, based on the specimens in NY, is Pleetania melastoma (Sow. ex Fr.) Fuckel. This accords
99
with Seaver's (1928) synonymy.
Pestaqd scure_Llovaes. Ells, Bully torrey Bot. Club 9: io.eetoo2. North American Fungi no. 833.
= Sphaerospora scutellotdes (E1l.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. Os LoS.) . L689. !
Rifai (1968) suggested that this species is one of the synonyms of Sphaerosporella hinnulea (Berk. & Br.) Rifai. Certainly the description given by Ellis closely matches the concept Rifai presents. Ellis's specimen has a bright orange hymenium and occurs on soil. These features distin- guish it from S. brunnea. There is confusion on several points over the distinction between Sphaerosporella and Pyronemella. Tewari and Pant (1968) would use the name Pyronemella for hairy spherical-spored Discomycetes on burned areas. This is essentially the cirumscription of Sphaerosporella. A study of P. arenosa Speg., type species of the genus Pyronemella, might resolve the problem. Korf (1972) treated Sphaerosporella as a synonym of Trtchophaea.
Peztza stephensonitana Ell. in Rehm, Ascom. Lojk. p.3. 1882. Invalid, published in synonymy.
= Dtisctna repanda (Wahl. ex Fr.) Sacc. subsp. stephen- sontana E11. in Rehm ex Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 100. 1889.
Pfister (1973) gave a complete synonymy and indicated that the species was indistinguishable from Peziza repanda. As for Ellis's opinion on the taxon, it is apparent from studying specimens. identified by him that he had no clear concept of it. Among those collections in the Farlow Her- barium identified by Ellis are specimens of Peztza badto- Bonjusa Kort, P.. sylvestris Boud., P: ampltata Pers. ex Bre, and ap-Otidecd.
Pezizoactriitscpord Bll. s& EV.,. bull. Lowa. bab. Nats Hist. 4:.69. 1896.
= Sarcoseypha stritspora (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc. & Syd., py Lesrune. %4:3° 7/54. 1899.
The holotype of Peztza stritspora is a specimen of Cooketna trtcholoma (Mont.) Kunze. This was suggested by Seaver (1928).
Peziza trachyderma Ell. & Ev., Amer. Naturalist 31: HweO. | 1897%
= Humarta trachyderma (E11. & Ev.) Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 74: 752. 1899.
= Humarina trachyderma (E11. & Ev.) Seav., North Amer- ican cup-fungi (operculates) p. 139. 1928.
100
This seems best referred to Peztza vestculosa Bull. ex S. F. Gray. Among collections referred to P. vestculosa this is one of the smallest. Peztza vestculosa has predom- inantly globose cells in the ectal excipulum, large, smooth ascospores (up to 24 um long) and apothecia which always occur on dung or manured soil.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
The following species which were originally described in the genus Peztza are members of the Helotiales. For synonyms, the reader is referred to Cash (1953).
Peziza apdita E1l.,’ P. acerina Cher SeiVl er. ge as foltae Cke & E1l.\, BP. astertcola.Cke. & Ell... 2P, boreaize Ell. & Holw.; 2. callochaetes Ell. .& Ev., 2) campanura Ell. > P. ecarneorubra Ell. in Cke., 2. cazenoviaqe Eli es Ev... P..cenangrordes EL. £. clavigerdenil. oy nv nme conorum El, F. ecornuta Ell, 2. cragintana Ell. esky Cravin w weriielia Bll. & Ev... ob. Crossolar tills ar eer = Citella, Chess bil. P. cypnellordes Ell. (a -EV.,0n. dinemasportotdes Ell. & Ev., P. doratophora Ell. & Ev., P. caring Elia, JP: caritand, Ell. &vEv.,. FP. elongatay El aeenve in Rehm, Poi ferrmanit. Ell. & Ev.;. P. jrondtveola EL). em ives P. jumtgatd, Bll. & Ev., P. funosella Che. ;& BU. P egue— etdula Ckespas Bll, PF. fuscocarpa Ell. & Holw., 0b cau. thertae Elle SEV...) 2. gelarinosaebll.. csc. Matiineuss glagosa Ell. & Ev., P. glenospora Ell. & Ev., P. hetero- earpa Ells, PP. heteromorpha Ell & EV. , P..Yputco las aia Peanvscrecura Bll. & EV... Postvicondi ta Ell... eh. neha. oa Ell, Pe incroviridis Cke. & Ell., Ph... tatebrosa EM. a. maurtatra Cke. & Ell., P. méleagrie Ell., P. mentopsrc meee P. mycogena E1ll., P. nyssaegena E1l., P. oenotherae Cke. & Ell 2... Oleosa Ell... PP. osmindae Che. & Bll). pate puncta Cke. &@Hll.,'P. phlegmacea Elle, P.. privtcolagere & EVigs be prolemied Ell... P..regalis Che. Gihll. secs docarpa E112, P. rhaphtdospora Ell., P.,similara Bilsiee. solentacformes Ell. & Ev., P..eolfatarg Che. & Eller: stictotdeq Cke. & Ell., P. subgtbbosa Ell., P. tenella) Ckes & Ell., P. thetotdea Cke. & Ell., P. venturtotdes E11. & Ev...) Yyogoensts Ell. & Gall.
LITERATURE CITED
Benkert, D. 1976. Bemerkenswerte Ascomyceten der DDR I. Zu einigen Arten der Gattung Lamprospora De Not. Feddes Repert. 87: 611-642.
Cash, E. Ks 91953..° A Record of the Fungi Named byeJ<o8: Ellis. The Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Special Publication 2: 167-345.
101
Eckblad, F. -E. 1968. The genera of operculate Disco- mycetes. A re-evaluation of their taxonomy, phylo- geny and nomenclature. Nytt Mag. Bot. 16: 1-191.
PriLscetweD. H.) 19/3... Ther psilopezioidytunei. LV. The genus Pachyella (Pezizales). Canad. J. Bot. 57: 2009- 20233
KOMrwehee br. . 19/2... Synoptic keyuto the, genera. of. the Pezizales. Mycologia 64: 937-994.
Rehm, H. 1887-1896. Ascomyceten: Hysteriaceen und Disco- myceten. In Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz 1(3): La.
Ritai, M.A. 8968. The Australasian Pezizales in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede BeCL., 0/15): |=295.
MYCOTAXON
Voln sidenote ih pp. 02-116 April-June 1978
ZYGOPLEURAGE, TRIPTEROSPORELLA AND PODOSPORA (SORDARIACEAE: PYRENOMYCETES) IN IRAQ
Samir ik. PAbduULEah ana -S.. S7serattan
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
SUMMARY
Fourteen species belonging to Zygopleurage, Tripterosporella and Podospora are discussed and diagnostic keys are composed for the species known from Iraq. Out of these, Z. multicaudata;, Z. £ar- yumensis, T. coprophila, P, f£imbriatay Pei bicoriise and P. miniglutinans are new records for Iraq.
Contributions to the study of coprophilous fungi from Iraq were made by Abdullah et al. (1976), Ahmed et al. (1970, 71) and Ismail and Ahmed (1970). A total of 48 species have been recorded so far. This paper records six more species from Iraq and their illustrated descriptions are provided. Diagnostic keys are provided for all known species of Zygopleurage and Podospora from Iraq. New distribution data and substratum relationships are added for the previ- ously known species.
ZYGOPLEURAGE Boed., Persoonia 2: 316. 1962.
This genus was proposed by Boedijn (1962) to accomodate Sordaria zygospora Speg. The chief basis was the morphology and development of ascospores. In the young asci, the asco- spores are subhyaline, single-celled and more or less elong- ated. These may Or may not be coiled around each other. During maturation two septa are laid down, forming three cells. The end cells develp thick walls and become strongly pigmented while the intermediate cell remains subhyaline and cylindrical. In the mature ascus the intermediate cell of the ascospore tends to collapse leaving separate end cells. Such asci apparently appear 16-spored but a careful search, especially of younger asci, reveals the ramnants of the intermediate cells. The gelatinous caudae are present in all the known species and are best seen in fresh material.
FOS
Perithecia subglobose to pyriform with slender neck, Ostiolate. Peridium membranous, 3-layered; outer layer pigmented and angular; middle layer of vertically elongated cells and inner layer of irregularly swollen, subhyaline cells. Asci clavate to subcylindrical, unitunicate, 8-spo- red. Ascospores subhyaline, single-celled and cylindrical when young but become three-celled at maturity. The end cells become strongly pigmented and thick walled while the middle cell remains subhyaline and thin walled. Gelatinous Caudae present.
Type species: Zygopleurage zygospora (Speg.) Boed.
KE YelOMHEe Ser elis
A. Gelatinous caudae present all around the ascospores (end cells as well as intercalary cell). B
A. Gelatinous caudae confined to the end Cellecgend «cel Us 928-33 4x 17-20 1m, ellipsoid; intercalary cell 75-90 x A-Deps Cylindrical. 1. Z. multicaudata
Eee eeocalary, Cell. 120-175 1um long, cylindrical; end cells 30-36 x 18-22 pm, ellipsoid, covered with 4 distinct gelatinous caudae.
Zao ZVIOSPOra
B. Intercalary cell 60-80 pm long, cylindrical but sometimes inflated in the middle; end cells 40-45 x 22-26 pm, ellipsoid, covered with 1rregular gelatinous sheath. 3. Z. £aiyumensis
1. Zygopleurage multicaudata Mirza in Mirza and Nasir, Nova Hedwigia 16: 286. 1968.
Perithecia scattered to partially immersed, pyriform, yellowish brown to light brown, 750-1000 x 450-650 pm, with a short cylindrical neck, often darker to almost brownish black in the neck area, covered all over with long (up to 25 pm long and 2-2.5 pm broad), flexuous, light brown, septate, thin to moderately thick walled hairs. Peridium translucent to somewhat opaque, thin and membranous, 3-lay- ered; outer layer with angular to somewhat irregular cells (6-15 pm across); middle layer of vertically elongated cells and inner layer of irregularly globose, subhyaline cells. Paraphyses evanescent. Asci 240-280 x 45-55 pm, clavate to subcylindrical, 8-spored, the walls thin, subhyaline and often collapsing at maturity. Ascospores 2(4) seriate, 3-celled, end cells 28-33 x 17-20 pm, ellipsoid, greenish brown to dark brown; intercalary cell 75-90 x 4-5 pm,
104
subhyaline, cylindrical but often collapsing in dry speci- mens and difficult to discern. Gelatinous caudae occurring as slender processes all around the end cells but absent
on the intercalary cell. ~
COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: on cow dung, Basrah, Feb. 2, O77, SKASZ3 2; on buffalo. dung,, Basran. Bebo ez. lous SKA’238.
This species was first noticed by Ahmed and Asad (1968) from Karachi (Pakistan) and they reported it under Z. zygo- spora as an abnormal specimen. Later, Mirza and Nasir (1968) again found it from Lyallpur (Pakistan) and described it as a new species. They also observed that the species seems to be widely distributed in West Pakistan. We have noticed two collections of this species from Iraq (Basrah area) and perhaps the species is widely distributed in this part of Asia. The Iragi collections are typical of the species but the size of ascospores and asci appears slightly larger.
2. Zygopleurage zygospora (Speg.) Boed. Persoonia 2: 316% 1962.
Perithecia scattered, semi-immersed, pyriform, oOliva- ceous brown, 800-1000 x 500-800 pm; neck cylindrical (300- 400 x 150-200 pm) and usually covered with long flexuous hairs. Peridium thin, membranous, semi-translucent, 3-layered. Asci 250-350 x 45-55 pm, clavate, 8-spored, the walls thin, subhyaline and collapsing at maturity. Para- physes evanescent. Ascospores biseriate, 3-celled; end cells ellipsoid, 30-36 x 18-22 pm, dark brown, with 4 distinct gelatinous processes; intercalary cell 120-175 pm long and 5-6 pm broad, cylindrical, subhyaline.
COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: on cow dung, Shaqlawa (Arbil), July 20, 1970, SKA 113; on cow dung, Sulaimantajs Gia 1970, SKA 1173 on sheep droppings, Basrah,- March 25,.:1975, SKA 239; on sheep droppings, Nasriah, Sept. 1, 1974, SKA 240; on horse dung, Kerbala, Sept. 3, 1974, SKA 241.
This species is widely distributed and has been recor- ded from Europe, Asia and North America. From Iraq, it was first reported by Ahmed et al. (1971) on cow dung gathered from Shaqlawa (Arbil). Since then we have examined several collections of this species from various parts of Iraq.
3. Zygopleurage faiyumensis Lundq. BOUL BNOt + oh 22%, 135401969.
Perithecia scattered and few, semi-immersed to almost superficial, yellowish brown, 900-1200 x 600-850 pm, pyri- form with a short cylindrical neck up to 200 pm long and
105
ale Peet)
mens1ls
- zygospora (f
Z
Opleurage fai
Zan
oi.
Mature ascospores of Z multicaudata (f
Z.
Figs. 1-3.
merig. 1),
;
106
120-140 pm broad, neck darker to almost brownish black. Hairs occurring all over the perithecium, up to 2 pm wide, yellow to yellowish brown, thin walled, septate, flexuous. Peridium translucent to almost opaque, membranous, 3-layered; outer layer composed of angular to somewhat irregular cells, 4-7 pm across, with slightly thick and uneven walls; middle layer of vertically elongated cells appearing 1ike short hyphae; inner layer of subhyaline, large and irregular cells. Paraphyses evanescent. Asci 250-400 x 50-60 pm, subcylindrical to clavate, unitunicate, the walls thin, hyaline and scarcely visible, 8-spored but some evidently 4-6 spored. Ascospores 2-4 seriate, 3-celled end cells 40-45 x 22-26 pm, ellipsoid with rounded apex and somewhat truncate base, dark brown, smooth, uniguttulate; intercalary cell 60-80 ym long and 6-8 pm broad, cylindri- Cal but occasionally inflated in the middle, hyaline, often collapsing in the mature asci and difficult to discern. Gelatinous caudae all over, covering the end cells as well as the intercalary cell uneven to drawn out in to irregu- lar processes.
COLLECTIONS EXAMINED: on horse dung, Kerbala, Sept. 3, 1974, SKA 242; on cow dung, Basrah, April 2, 19727) shim.
This species is known only from the type specimen which was collected from Faiyum in Egypt (Lundqvist, 1969). This is perhaps the second report of this species. The Iraqi collections are characteristic of the species but possess slightly smaller ascospores, however, these come well within the range of the species.
TRIPTEROSPORELLA Suprise LOdn., (CUrGs Sees 1 4245., L968.
This genus was proposed for a single species marked by nonostiolate ascocarps (cleistothecia) and the nature of ascospores. During the early stages of development the ascospores are subhyaline, long and cylindrical but soon become segmented in to two cells. The upper cell (head cell) becomes pigmented and develops a thick wall while the lower cell (tail cell) remains thin walled and subhyaline. The tail cell is always longer than the head cell. Gelati- nous Caudae are absent. Tripterospora Cain is very close to but differs from Tripterosporella in the shape of young ascospores which are ovoid to clavate. Moreover, in mature ascospores the tail cell is always shorter than the head cell.
Tripterosporella coprophila Subr. & Lodh. Give esol. 3790245 7.1968,
Cleistothecia scattered, superficial, subglobose, 275- 350 pm across, brownish black to almost black, hairy. Hairs
y/
long, flexuous, 2-3.5 pm wide, slightly thick walled, brown to almost subhyaline near the apices. Peridium semi- translucent to almost Opaque, membranous. Paraphyses evanescent. Asci 165-225 x 16-20 pm, subcylindrical to Cclavate-cylindrical, 8-spored, iodine test negative, the walls thin, subhyaline and collapsing at maturity. Asco- spores 2(3) seriate, occasionally uniseriate at maturity, 2—celled; head cell, 21-24 x 12-13.5 pm, ellipsoid to sub- globose, the walls moderately thick, olivaceous brown, germ BOre apical; basal cell (tail cell) 30-32)’ x 5-6 um,’ :sub- hyaline, cylindrical, straight to slightly curved near the base, thin walled.
COLLECTION EXAMINED: on horse dung, March 3, 1975, SKA 266.
This species was first reported on dung from India (Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan) by Subramanian and Lodha (1968). It is marked by the morphology and development of the ascospores. The Iragi collection is typical of the species and appears to be the second report for the’ species.
PODOSPORA
CesacigineRaben., ‘Klotzech. Herb. Viv. Mycol. .e@.2, No. 259.7 1856.
It is a large and unnatural genus but recently it has been revised and circumscribed (Lundqvist, 1972; Mirza and Cain, 1969). As defined here it includes those species only which have pedicellate brown spores with or without gelati- nous caudae at each end.
Perithecia nonstromatic, ostiolate. Peridium membran- ous to coriaceous, 3-4 layered, light brown to almost black. Asci 4 to multispored, clavate to cylindrical or saccate, unitunicate. Ascospores ellipsoid, dark brown to almost black; primary appendage basal, cylindrical to clavate, sub- hyaline; secondary appendage present or absent; germ pore apical.