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BOX +264, ITHACA, NY 143507 Printed in the United States of America USA TABLE OF CONTENTS, VOLUME SEVEN IN Oke April-June 1978 Morphological and mating system studies of a new taxon of Hertcium (Aphyllophorales, Hericiaceae) from the southern Appalachians, Hee. BURDSALL«JRiycOs Ks MILLER. WIR. 2G Ki As NISHRIIMAY coon ess. Taxonomy of Phanerochaete chrysorhizon and Hydnum omnivorum, MOBOLU GH pe BURD SAL se) Rou G KAREN: Ke SNAKASONES. 358... Gti c he eis es A study of Amantta types I. Taxa described by C. H. Peck, DAVID T. ISIC GIS SS li LAT RON oe a LEP REyck ar art ae aa are ras ne ee eee Se A new status for the brown Parmeltae, THEODORE L. ESSLINGER........ A new Mexican species in the lichen genus Everniastrum Hale (Par- MemmnrCCOC ERODE Rio. EGAN stam rele tects ters o wipes vie ele ein ss ode mans aiid | hoes ave Peztza umbiltcata Karsten, an older but unavailable name for Peziza ostracoderma, apothecial peat mould, HENRY DISSING §& RICHARD P. Rory MEER? o's Sete Ve horse. e Wahu ore, N's oteue sade Ghd Se Miao. toa wig tk Peele ieiw ale aides Wee The use of pigments as a taxonomic character to distinguish species of the Trichiaceae (Myxomycetes), MEREDITH BLACKWELL §& ANDREW SUOMI CRESS TE BARA ogi ie GREER SE VIERA Ri A align eee MEN is re nc ee A checklist of the operculate cup-fungi (Pezizales) of North Ameri- ca west of the Great Plains, HAROLD J. LARSEN, JR. § WILLIAM C. OUI SIOUNISES AS) Se REA ed 2 Pwr ae tin aco a a es Oe rg a Oe Oey Sa ES ae A new species of Microascus and its peculiar conidial state, Serer UDAGAWAsGs KOUHEL. FURUYA Sy anc nee sus eens ona a elds ob esl ane lee Type studies in the genus Pegiza. II. Operculate discomycetes de- seraped by J. B. Ellis and’ co-authors; DONALD H: PFISTER. ........ Zygopleurage, Tripterosporella and Podospora (Sordariaceae: Pyreno- ieoeos ein. lraq,. SAMIR? Ki) ABDULLAH GE -Ss seme irregularly shaped masses of tissue with swellings forming a nodulose surface, white, firm to tough; teeth covering surface, white; 3(-4) mm long, 0.5 mm thick, subulate; context white, spore print white. Hyphal system monomitic; contextual hyphae (Fig. 3) 5-9 um diam, hyaline, thick-walled (walls up to 3 um thick) smooth, septate with clamp connections, regularly branched, rarely with only slight wall thickening, these densely staining in phloxine, walls blue in Melzer's reagent; Figs. 3-7. Line drawings of microscopic structures in basidiocarp of H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis (OKM 15159) 3. contextual hyphae. 4. hyphae of tooth trama. 5. cystidia with globular and granular content. 6. basidiospores. /7. basidia. tooth trama a textura porrecta, hyphae (Fig. 4) mostly 3-4 um diam, rarely up to 10 um diam, thin-walled or with slight wall thickening, hyaline, smooth, septate with clamp connections, branching regularly, scattered intercalary thick-walled (walls up to 1 um thick) cells present, ovoid to irregularly elongate, hyaline, smooth; subhymenium poorly delimited, composed mainly of cystidia oriented parallel to axis of tooth, these turn outward into hymenial layer; cystidia (Fig. 5) 75-150 x 6-9 un, cylindrical, thin-walled, clavate or moniliform, often with small apical bead or papilla, smooth, with dense granular and/or globular content, not reacting with sulfuric benzaldehyde; basidia (Fig. 7) rare, difficult to observe, of variable length, up to 60 x 5-6 um, hyaline, thin-walled, clamped at basal septum, mostly 4 spored, basidiospores (Figwo) 6-725 x*4.5-5.5 (-6) um, broadly ovoid, shyaline to pale yellow under microscope, with thickened walls (walls up to 1 um thick), smooth to slightly granulose, dark blue to black in Melzer'’s reagent, no color change in lactophenol analine blue. Specimen examined: Holotype, noted above. Etymology: From the specific epithets eritnaceuwn and abtetis, the two species with which it is interfertile. CULTURAL CHARACTERS Key Pattern (using Davidson et al. (1942) method). A-P-5-1-2-10-14-16., Species Code (using Nobles (1965) Method) sO. ea 242 502306464. 45-48-54. 005 Growth Charactertstites: Growth on 1.5% malt extract agar at 25.C: slow, 18-25 mm.radius in l4sdays; smat where. appressed, with sparse woolly aerial white threads, most 1/ Nobles (1965) left numbers 27-33 of her species code system available for future characters. We are using 27 to indicate the presence of normal cylindrical thick-walled hyphae with clamp connections at septa. None of the numbers presently used indicate the presence of such hyphae. Figs. 8-10. Line drawings of microscope structures in cultures of H. ertnacewn subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis (OKM 15159). 8. hyphae of margin. 9. aerial-hyphae with occasional intercalary and terminal thick-walled ie len cetis.-~ 10. ebner eed hyphae. i atic growth submerged with aerial and submerged hyphae growing at about equal rates, advancing margin irregular, fimbriate; agar not bleached; odor none; after about 2 weeks clusters of small, smooth, white, circular, slightly raised areas up to 1 mm diam form on mat surface, these eventually coalesce, fruiting body sometimes forming in 6 weeks; reaction zone on both gallic acid agar and tannic acid agar weak to strong, up to 15 mm diam in 7 days, no growth on either medium. Hyphal Characteristics: Margin hyphae (Fig. 8) 2.0-4.0 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, much branched, clamped at all septa; aerial hyphae (Fig. 9) 2.0-5.5 um diam, hyaline to pale yellow, smooth, thin- walled or walls up to slightly less than 1 um thick, much branched, clamped at all septa; in crustose areas hyphae like those in other areas but densely encrusted with yellow needle-shaped crystals which form large irregularly shaped clusters, these dissolve in 2% KOH, stable in Melzer's reagent; in older cultures (> 3 weeks) cystidia develop, these clavate to slightly moniliform, with globular to granular content; terminal or intercalary cells also form (chlamydospores)of Davidson et al., 1942), 9-15 x 7-9 um, thick-walled, hyaline, septate at one or both ends, lacking clamps on these septa; submerged hyphae (Fig. 10) 2-3 (-4.5) um diam, thin-walled, hyaline, smooth, much branched into finger-like terminal cells, clamped at all septa. DISCUSSION Macroscopically, H. erinaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetts would not be confused with either of the species with which it is interfertile. Hertctwn ertnacewn has large ovoid basidiocarps with densely crowded pendent teeth up to 3 cm long and H. abtetts basidiocarps are loosely organized systems of branches with less crowded pendent teeth. Heritetum ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis, on the other hand, is an irregularly shaped, solid, nodulose mass with small teeth (up to 3 mm long) covering the entire surface and protruding in all directions. Although similar in micromorphology to both H. abtetts and H. erinaceum, H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo- abietts can be differentiated. The basidiospores of H. abtetts are 5-6 x 4-5 um while those of H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetts are 6-7.5 x 4.5-6 um. The two also differ in structure of tooth trama. Hertctum ertnaceum subsp. erinaceo-abtetts lacks the broad (up to 15 um diam) thick-walled hyphae (walls up to 5 um thick) which are found in H. ertnacewn and the inflated cells (up to 15 um diam) that have little wall thickening. In culture, H. ertnaceum subsp. ertnaceo-abtetis grows about half as fast as H. ertnaceum on malt extract Bear at 25 C and about twice as fast at 32 C. The new subspecies and H. abtetts grow equally well at 25 C on matteextract agar but H. abitetts does not grow at 32 C while the new subspecies does. LITERATURE CITED DAVIDSON, R. W., W. A. CAMPBELL, and D. B. VAUGHN. 1942. Fungi causing decay of living oaks in the eastern United States and their cultural identification. Heol). A. ech. Bulls 85." -65)p. HARRISON, K. A. 1973. The genus Hertctum in North America. The Michigan Botanist 12:177-194. MORGAN] JONES, J. F..and R. L. HULION.. 1973. A rapid nuclear stain for permanent sections. Mycologia 65:694-697. NObioo, MM. Ke -1965, Identification: of cultures. of wood- inhabiting hymenomycetes. Can. J. Bot. BS 1097-1139), ~~ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Drs. Rey G..Gilpertson. Me; J. Larsen: and Ms. F. F. Lombard are acknowledged for critical reading of this manuscript. Dr. M. J. Larsen is also acknowledged for preparing the Latin diagnosis. . MYCOTAXON VO Vo NOweh. pp. 10-22 April-June 1978 TAXONOMY OF PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSORHIZON AND HYDNUM OMNI VORUM HAROLD H. BURDSALL, Jr. Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, Wis. 58705 KAREN K. NAKASONE=/ Department of Plant Pathology University of Arizona Pueson, Ariz. 65/721 During type studies leading toward a monograph of Phanerochaete Karst., the type specimen of Hydnum chrysorhtzon Torrey in Eaton (1822, p. 309) [= Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon (Torr. in Eaton) Budington et. Gilbn.] and the type specimens of its facultative (taxonomic) synonyms were studied. Among these synonyms was the name Hydnum omnivorum Shear (1925). This name was applied to a species that Shear felt was probably the perfect state of Phymatotrtchum omntvorum (Shear) Duggar (1916) [= Phymatotrichopsts omntvorum (Shear) Hennebert (1973, p. 199)]. These two species are probably not, as Shear supposed, different states of the same organism but to date this has not been demonstrated unequivocally. When he published the name Hydnum ommtvorum, Shear indicated (1925, p. 477) the "type" to be his number 5267, on Maelura aurantiaca |= Maclura pomifera (Ref.) Schmeid.], near Paris, lexas, September 1903, and provided a patntine 1/ Present address Center for Forest Mycology Research. ‘igh of the specimen. In Bpre/ a specimen with the same collection data was found (cited by Gilbertson 1964, p. 22). meacthet indieation that, it 1s the samevspecimen: referred to by Shear is the fact that it matches exactly the painting accompanying the description provided by Shear. The twigs and thorns of the twigs branch at the same angle and are located in the same place relative to each other as theyare in the painting. There is no doubt that this is the type specimen for H. onmtvorum Shear. The use of the name Hydnum ommtvorum has been challenged recently by Hennebert (1973, p. 199), who states that the name refers to a Basidiomycete but is based on a type specimen that is a member of the Fungi Imperfecti. His studies of the type specimen apparently revealed neither basidia nor basidiospores, and he, therefore, considers the name illegitimate. However, our studies of the type specimen revealed the presence of a basidiomycetous hymenium with cystidia, holobasidia, and basidiospores. Shear reported seeing none of these structures but was not in doubt as to thespecimen's being a Basidiomycete, as indicated by his text and the name he provided for it. The epithet ommtvorum, although probably anunfortunate choice since it is probably not the perfect state of P. omtvorum, fulfills the requirements for both legitimate and valid publication. The recent use of the epithet chrysorhtzon also deserves discussion. Gilbertson (1964, p. 23) treated H. ommtvorum as a synonym of H. chrysorhtzon. The two were also considered conspecific by Gilbertson, et al. (1974, 976), Lindsey and Gilbertson (1975). and Burdsall (1976). In all four publications the name Phanerochaete chrysorhizon was used to encompass both species. More recent studies, however, indicate that H. omntvorwm is a distinct species, differing from H. chrysorhtzon in basidiocarp color, basidiospore size, cystidium characters, and distribution. 2/ Herbarium abbreviations are those of Holmgren and Keuken (1974). 12 Parmasto (1967, p. 384) proposed the genus Aydnophlebta Parm. for H. chrysorhtzon. If this genus is recognized, then Hydnum omntvorum should be included. However, we do not feel that the hydnaceous basidiocarp, which is the only character by which these species differ from members of Phanerochaete, warrants this segregation. We recognize both as members of the genus Phanerochaete. A description of the basidiocarp characters and culture characters of each species is offered. The specimens marked with an * are those from which cultures were studied. All specimens and cultures cited are on deposit at CFMR unless otherwise indicated. Phanerochaete chrysorhizon (Torr. in Eaton) Budington et Gilbn. “Southwest Nat. 17:417.) 1973.) [hice sor = Hydnum chrysorhizon Torr. in Eaton. Manual Bot., Havas Dm OO9. Lo22. Oxydontia chrysorhitza (Torr. in Eaton) Rogers et Gow Marcin. Mycologia DO0ro0G. bloc. Mycoacta chrysorhiza (Torr. in Eaton) Aoshima et Furukawa, Trans. Mycol. Soc.) Japan.” /sls5¢ LOGG. Hydnophlebta chrysorhiza (Torr. in Eaton) Parm. Rest. "Nsv. Tead. Akad. Toim. 16:364..) 1967" MW) Basidiocarp broadly effused, extending up to 20 x 10 cm, thin, membraneous, easily separable, reddish orange (7A8)3/ to deep orange (near 5A8), hydnaceous, teeth widely Spaced to dense, up to 1.5 mm long, cylindrical or tapered to rounded apex, orange white (5A2) to pale orange (5A3); margin fimbriate to rhizomorphic, up to 1 mm diam, reddish orange (near 7A8). Hyphal system monomitic; subiculum not differentiated from abhymenial surface, 250-500 um thick (excluding teeth), a textura intricata to textura porrecta;, hyphae (Fig.o1) 4-7 (-9) wm diam, hyaline to pale yellow, thick-walled (walls up to 2 ym thick) or with only slight thickening, usually densely encrusted with hyaline crystals, septa widely spaced, lacking clamps at most septa, some septa clamped, rarely with several clamps at one septum, 3/ Color notations are those of Kornerup and Wanscher (1967). The notation indicates plate number, vertical colum, and horizontal columns, respectively. oe. @) oe iN Slates Figs. 1-4.--P. ehrysorhizon (type). Line drawings of mreroscopic structures’ from basidiocarps. 1. subicular byphae. 2. basidiospores. 3. basidia. “4. cystidia. Pranching frequent, mostly at nearly right angles; tooth trama a compact textura porrecta oriented perpendicular to substrate, hyphae like those of subiculum; subhymenium a compact textura porrecta, short-celled, hyaline, thin- walled, lacking clamps, smooth, or lightly coated with pale yellow granules; cystidia (Fig. 4) ventricose, smooth, enin-walled, hyaline, 18-40 x 4.5-6 um, lacking clamps at basal septa; basidia (Fig. 3) clavate to broadly clavate, #2-20 x 4.5-6 um, hyaline, thin-walled, lacking clamps at basal septa, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata 3-3.5 um long; Pasidiospores (Fig. 2) 4-5. x 2-2.5 um, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, slightly flattened adaxially, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer's reagent, acyanophilous. Specimens Examined: FLORIDA--HHB 4720, HHB 4733, and HHB 6372,0n Quercus sp. (oak), behind Mall, State Route 441; HHB 6452, on oak, University of Florida Horticulture Unit; HHB 6468, on Liquitdambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum); and HHB 6478*, on Carptnus carolintana Walt. (American hornbeam), Hogtown Creek Basin, NW 8th Street; all from Gainesville, Alachua County; HHB 7202, on Nectandra cortacea (Sw.) Griseb. (Jamaica nectandra), Gumbo Limbo Trail, Everglades National Park, Dade County. MARYLAND-- 14 HHB 622%, on oak, Patuxent Wildlife Research Refuge, Laurel, Prince Géorges County. MISSISSIPPI--HHB 88/07) on oak, sand HHB 88/1*; on Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine)eaborn 5 miles W of Wiggins, S of Red Creek, Stone County; HHB 8917, on Cornus florida L. (flowering dogwood), Hammock, Harrison Experimental Forest, Harrison County. NEW YORK--RLG 550/7*, on Populus grandtdentata Michx. (bigtooth aspen), Otisco Rd., Otisco, Onondaga County. NORTH CAROLINA--HHB 2652, on Fraxinus sp. (ash), Scaly School-Dryman Chapel Rd., Nantabala National Forest, Macon’ County;) HEB 4352 .-on flowering dogwood, along Kephart Prong, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Swain County. SOUTH CAROLINA-- Gurtas 26008," on oak, April 1849, Society Hill, Darlinceen County, isotype of Hydnum fragtlltsstmum Berk. et Curt., (FH). TENNESSEE--HHB 3012*, on Juglans sp. (walnut), near Cable Milly) Gades Cove, Blount County, and? HHB, 4134776n Acer sp. (maple), Snake Den Trail, Cocke County, both from Great Smoky Mountains National Park. WISCONSIN--HHB 9375, on Populus tremulotdes Michx. (quaking aspen), Blue Mounds state Park, Lowa County. Fig. 5.--Cultures of ?. ehrysorhizon\‘(on ‘right showing no growth) and #4. onmtvorwn (on left) grown at 36 C on malt extract: agar for 14 days. Bs | vas ouee ©) yy, Sel fi \ 7 eo 7 H OMNIVORUM~ \ 7 \ A \ P. CHRYSORHIZON MED? mm =; ag i oe Nae \ /5 \ ag Y\ \ ai \ {XS gg \ geet 114 \ O EY Z\ [ Npwca eae 12 /6 20 24 IN 26428 32 36 40 44 °C Fig. 6.--Graph showing growth of P. chrysorhizon and He omntvorum at 10 constant temperatures on malt extract agar after /7 days. Culture description ppecics. Codey. 5.16..32597 40242 5-43.54. 55. (using Nobles (1965) system). Key Pattern: B-P-I-1-10-14 (using Davidson et al. (1942) system). Crowe On 12) /.Malt extract asar at.25 C moderate, 25-35 mm radius/wk, optimum growth at 28 C, trace of. growth PoeoomcrCrics, 5,6); mat thin, “appressed, white, becoming slightly orange, some isolates eventually with zones of orange wooly aerial hyphae, hyphae near inoculum orange; margin indistinct, even; reverse bleached; odor mild; not Pruttins in 6 wk. Oneal iteracid agar after lowk aty25 C diffusion’ zone Poco o. nm diam, light: reaction, ‘trace of growth; on Pannic acid agar diffusiom zone up to 20 mm diam, light Peactaon, no growth. Marcanal hyphae. GFie.«/)i2.5-/ wm diam, hyaline, thin- walled, with occasional branching, especially on narrower hyphae, mostly simple septate, with rare single or multiple Elamps: aerial hyphae (Fig. 9) (2.5-) 4-/-um diam, hyaline | to pale yellow, with slightly thickened to thick walls, ! often aggregated to form orange cordons, usually covered 16 Figs. 7-9.--P. chrysorhtzon (HHB 8871). microscopic structures from culture. Line drawings of 7. hyphae of margin. 8. submerged hyphae. 9. aerial hyphae. 17 with yellow granules, mostly simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; submerged hyphae (Fig. 8) 5-7 um dian, hyaline, thin-walled, with rare clamps, broad hyphae with infrequent branching usually producing narrow much branched hyphae. Phanerochaete omnivorum (Shear) comb. nov. Figs. 5, 6, 10-16. = Hydnum ommtvorum Shear, J. Agric. Res. 30:476. 1925. Basidiocarps effused in small often poorly developed patches, thin, membraneous, creamy yellow, adnate to some- what separable, hydnaceous; teeth up to 1 mm long, tapered to apex; subiculum white, fibrous to byssoid; margin white, thick, fibrillose and irregular in outline or rhizomorphic;3 rhizomorphs white, usually poorly developed, occasionally well developed and up to 0.25 mm diam. Figs. 10-13.--H. ommivorum (type). Line drawings of microscopic structures from basidiocarps. 10. subicular hyopnaec oll bastddospores,. © 12. basidia. | 5s. .cystidias 18 Hyphal system monomitic; subiculum a texture intricata, hyphae (Fig. 10) 5-9 (-12) um diam, with slight wall thickening, hyaline, with clamps at some septa, sometimes multiple clamps present, with dense encrustation on some hyphae, branching at near right angles; subhymenium a compact textura porrecta, hyphae 3.5-4.5 um diam, some areas with irregular swellings up to 6 um becoming a textura epidermoidea, hyaline, thin-walled, much branched, smooth or with scattered hyaline granules; hymenium with cystidia and basidia; cystidia (Fig. 13) poorly developed, hyphorca, thin-walled, hyaline, of irregular length, up to 4 um diam, protruding up to 20 um beyond basidia; basidia (Fig. 12) (15=) 20-25 (-27) x (5.5-) 6-7 um, clavate, hyaline, thing walled, lacking clamps at base, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata up to 4 ym Jong; basidiospores (Fig. 11) 5-6 x 3=3.5-um, nearly ovoid, slightly flattened adaxially, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, negative in Melzer's reagent, acyanophilous. Specimens Examined: ARIZONA--HHB 6218 and HHB 6227, on Platanus writghtit S. Wats. (Arizona sycamore), and HHB 6228*, on 4cdéia sp. Cacacia), all from Peloncillogitass Cochise County; KKN 187 on Fouguterta splendens Engelm. (ocotillo), highway 90, milepost 299, Cochise County (ARIZ). ““HHB¥5969*%, on Arizona sycamore, and HHBs5972— con Chitlopsts ltnearts (Cav.) Sweet (desert willow), Redington, Pima County; HHB 8426,on Baccharts sp. (desert broom), Tucson, Pima County; RLG 10887 and RLG 10888, on Prosopis jultflrora (Sw.)* DC @esquite), Santa Catalina Mts: , Pima County (ARIZ); JPL 72, on Carnegta gtgantea (Engelnm. ) Britt. et Rose (saguaro), Saguaro Nat. Monument--West Unit, Pima County (ARIZ); KKN 90, KKN 102, KKN 112%, and KKN 113, on oecotilloa, Santa Rita Expt. Range.,..Pima County WAREZ a RLG 10857, on ocotillo,» Santa Catalina Mes...) Pima Counc, (ARTZ). RaG 10391 on. mesquite, Gallture Mts. .eeinase County (ARIZ); RLG 10507, on mesquite, Baboquivari Mts., Santa, Cruz Gounty (ARIZ). Culture description Species codes. 2..5.16.20824 32737 Une eo ae Key Pattern: B-P-M-1-9-11-14-16. Growth on 1.57% malt extract agar at 25 G modérarces: == 35 mm radius/wk, optimum growth at 32 C, rapid growth at 36 C (Figs. 5, 6); mat thin, wispy downy to woolly cottony, white, becoming yellow orange near inoculum, eventually Figs. 14-16.--H. onmtvorum (HHB 6228). mieroscopic structures from culture. margin. 15. submerged hyphae. 16. Line drawings of 14. hyphae of aerial hyphae. BS 20 spreading over plate and developing cordons; margin appressed, even; reverse bleached; odor mild; not fruiting in -Orwk. Oneeallic acid agar after 1 wk at 25 G dittustonezene 15-20 mm diam, very light reaction, no growth; on tannic acid “agar diffusion zone 35-40 mm, very light reaction game growth. Marginal hyphae (Fig. 14) 3.5-7 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched, mostly simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; aerial hyphae (Fig.16) 4-7 um diam, hyaline to pale yellow, thin- to thick-walled, often aggregated to form cordons, usually encrusted with yellow granules, simple septate with rare single or multiple clamps; submerged hyphae (Fig. 15) of two types: (a) similar to aerial hyphae but lacking encrustations; (b) 1.5-5 um diam, hyaline, thin-walled, septa rare, clamps lacking, irregularly branched and contorted, nonstaining in KOH-phloxine mounts. Remarks: Macroscopically P. chrysorhtzon and P. omntvorum are distinguished on the basis of basidiocarp color and rhizomorph development. Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon is bright orange with well developed orange rhizomorphs and somewhat paler spines; P. onmtvorum is yellow or cream (including spines) with a white fimbriate to slightly rhizomorphic margin. Microscopically P. ommtvorum can be separated from P. chrysorhtzon because of its broader spores, usually fewer cystidia, and a tendency toward thinner-walled hyphae (walls usually 1 um thick while those of P. chrysorhtzon are often 2-3 um thick). In culture the two species can be separated readily when grown at 36 C (Figs. 5, 6). Phanerochaete chrysorhtzon grows only 1-2 mm in 2 wk while P. onmtvorum nearly covers the plate in that time. At 25 C the two are not readily distinguishable. Ecologically these species occupy vastly different niches. Phanerochaete ommtvorum occurs on desert hardwood shrubs and trees, while P. echrysorhitzon inhabits hardwoods Zt (rarely conifers) in more moist areas. The specimens examined indicate that P. ommtvorum occurs in the south- western United States and east into Texas while P. chrysorhizon occurs throughout the eastern United States and west into Mississippi. An overlapping distribution in Texas is to be expected because there the dry and moist regions meet. LITERATURE CITED Barasaul tH. Hs, Jr. 1976. “Taxonomic and distributional notes on corticiaceous fungi of the southern Appamachians, pp.,2602-296. (In ~Parker} |B. vC., and Mo kemeroane (Eds.), Distributional ‘history of the biota of the southern Appalachians. IV. Algae and Mingi., Unive Press of Virginia, ‘Charlottesville, AO DD. Davidson,’ R. W., W. A. Campbell, and D. B. Vaughn. 1942. Fungi causing decay of living oaks in the eastern United States and their cultural identification. USDAmLech bul. -/65.. 05 Dp iG -2 DL. pueear, B. M. 1916. The Texas root rot fungus and its conrdialerstage’s, tAnn. Migsourt Bot: Gard. 3311-23. Baeonn A.) 1022.. Manual of botany. Third edition. Albany. DLO D Dic Gilbertson, R. L. 1964. Resupinate hydnaceous fungi of Novth America. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 49215-25. Pmpereson... kh. cba. Hy HonaBurdsal wer. -and BB. Rk. Cantireld: 1976. Fungi that decay mesquite in southern Arizona. Mycotaxon 3:487-551. Hennebert, G. L. 1973. Botrytis and Botrytis-like genera. Persoonta) (2133-204. Holmgren, P. K., and W. Keuken. 1974. Index herbariorum. i isixth edition. “Ree. Veget. 92:1-397. Kornerup, A., and J. H. Wanscher. 1967. Methuen handbook OmIcO Ou | oecondsedition. | Methuen) .and Co... .btds. London, 243 pp. 22 landseyy. Jerebo, and Rk. L.-Gilbertson «#19752 =-Wood= inhabiting Homobasidiomycetes on saguaro in Arizona. My cotaxon 2:83-103. Nobles, Mik.) L965.) Identification obreulLbures som woea. inhabiting hymenomycetes. Can. J. Bot. 43: 109/7—-lia2 Parmasto, E. 1967. Corticeaceae URSS. IV. Descriptiones taxonum Novorum. Combinationes novae. Eest. NSV Teadae Akad. -loim. 1623./7=394. Shear, €. U,. b90/. “New species of fungiy Bull lorcey BOG Gliup meso 0.5— 315: Shears Cal. £925 “The life history of the lexaserectere fungus Ogzontum ommtvorum Shear. J. Agric. Res. S074 7 5-4/1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Farlow Herbarium is gratefully acknowledged for the loan of specimens. Special thanks is due Dr. R. Le Gilbertson, University of Arizona; Dr. J. W. Kimbrough, University of Florida; Everglades National Park; Great Smoky Mountains National Park; and Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina for providing slogistical support... Dret-Moel Barcens A. Ee Liberta and Ms.’ Fy F. Lombard are thanked) tor critically reviewing the manuscript. MYCOTAXON Hout aiid Now sl, pp...23-44 April-June 1978 A STUDY OF AMANITA TYPES I. TAXA DESCRIBED BY C. H. PECK DAVID T. JENKINS Department of Biology, University of Arabama in Birmingham Birmingham, AL 35294 The immense influence that C. H. Peck exerted on American myco- logy is a well accepted and documented fact (Lloyd, 1912; Bessey, 1914; Atkinson, 1918; Burnham, 1919). Throughout his 48 year tenure with the State Museum of New York at Albany his untiring observation and analysis of the flora of New York resulted in a herbarium of many thou- sands of specimens, over 2700 of which were fungi (Gilbertson, 1962). Included among these were 36 taxa of the genus Amanita described as new. During the period from 1867 to 1915 when Peck published his myco- logical studies many nomenclatural rules that are observed today were not in existence or were little used. Such was the case of the recog- nition of nomenclatural types. Rules governing the designation of nomenclatural types were not adopted by American mycologists until 1904 and international acceptance was not gained until 1930. Even though Peck published new taxa after the adoption of the American Code in 1904, he still did not designate type specimens. Usu- ally, however, he would cite one or more specimens. According to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Art. 7, note 3; Guide for the Determination of Types), if more than one specimen is cited in the original description and one of these, i.e., preferably a collection by the author, can be adequately associated with an extant herbarium spec- imen it should be designated as a lectotype. This procedure has been followed with several of Peck's taxa. It was not uncommon for Peck to cite only one specimen in the ori- ginal description. The information contained in this citation fre- quently did not completely match that of any herbarium specimen. Ordi- narily this might necessitate the designation of a neotype (Art. 7, note 3, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). It has recently been noted that Peck rarely accessioned into the herbarium more than one collection of a particular organism from the same location. Any subsequent collections of this organism from that same location were usually made by someone else (Personal communication, Dr. John H. Haines, State Museum of New York). After examining many of the speci- mens from Peck's herbarium this practice appears to have been the case. The incongruence between the original citation and the information with .the herbarium specimen appears, therefore, to be of little consequence, thus, allowing the specimen in question to be implicitly designated as 24 the holotype. There will be no discussion for those taxa with an im- plicit holotype. It is the purpose of this publication to designate and describe the type specimens for the taxa of the genus Amanita named by C. H. Peck. Of these 36 taxa, descriptions are provided for 30. At present five of the remaining taxa do not have representative specimens in the State Herbarium, a fifth specimen was determined not to be an Amanita, and Amanita {r0stiana is a nomenclatural synonym of Agaticus muscarius var. minor. The descriptions contain macroscopic characters obtained from ob- servations of the dried type specimens, with one exception being the color citations from the original description (in italics). Extensive microscopic observations are included when adequate reinflation of per- tinent tissues permitted analysis. These studies were made on a Wild M20 bright-field, phase contrast microscope with a Nikon EFM camera attachment allowing magnifications up to 3250x. Tissues were prepared for study using techniques similar to those described by Bas (1969). Descriptions for several types have been previously published (Jenkins, 1977), but are included here to provide a single source of reference. TYPES STUDIED 1. Amanita abaupta Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 138. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Alabama, vii. 1896, L. M. Underwood Son. (NYS)5 PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly inrolled, faintly striate, white; volval remnants Sparse, randomly distributed, irregular to pyramidal warts. LAMELLAE: crowded, free or just reaching stem, white. STIPE: 9 x 0.7 cm, tapering upward, solid, basal bulb abrupt, subglobose, white; annulus superior, submembranous; volval remnants as a few, irregular warts at base of stipe. PILEIPELLIS: filamentous hyphae densely interwoven to subradial, slightly gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae subcellular to cellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 92 x 4-10 um, 4-sterigmate, clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus extremely sparse, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells predominant type, mostly globose, subglobose, and broadly ellip- tic, up to 37.6 x 31.3 um, with fewer oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 59.5 x 18.8 um, terminal or short, terminal chains; volval material at base of stipe very similar to that above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; in- flated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 160 x 20 pm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, mostly clavate, up to 78 x 15.7 um, with a few subglobose to pyriform, up to 21.9 x 15.6 um. SPORES: 7.8-9.4 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.24-1.71; E” = 1.46), broadly elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin LS walled; contents guttulate, apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate- conic. 2. Amanita bivolvata Peck. 1909. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 36: 329. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Claremont, California, i. 1909, C. F. Baker s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: 7-10 cm broad, plano-convex, margin’shallowly striate, white with brownish stains toward center. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae numerous. STIPE: 13-15 x 1.6-2.5 cm, equal, floc- ~culose, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus superior, narrow, white, soon - disappearing; volva 3-5 x 4.6 cm, lobed, with an inner margin sur- rounding the stipe, white. PILEIPELLIS: filamentous hyphae densely interwoven, gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells, terminal and short, terminal chains. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elon- gate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae dis- tinctly ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 55 x 4-11.7 um, 4-sterig- mate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe predominant, sparsely to moderately branched, up to 14 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells few, elongate, clavate to fusiform, up to 156.5 x 37 um, terminal. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferen- tiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells terminal or rarely short, terminal chains, oblong-elliptic to clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 188 x 46.9 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed, few gloeoplerous seg- ments; no inflated cells. SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 7.0-7.8 um (E = 1.10-1.34; EC= 1.25), sub- globose to broadly elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylin- aleier 3. Amanita calyptrata var. albescens Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. aoe 840, pl). A, fig. 1-5. Byers (Implicit: des. mihi): Gansevoort, vii., C. H. Peck s.n. NYS). PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin distinctly striate, whitish; volval remnant as a large, membranous patch, white, covering a major portion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, edges even. STIPE: approximately 12 x 1.3 cm, tapering slightly upward, hollow, lumen large, no basal bulb; only a few rem- nants of a membranous annulus remaining; volva large, thick, membranous, lobed, usually not adhering to stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal 26 chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 50 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: outer layer composed primarily of filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells mostly subglobose to elliptic, up to 80 x 62.6 um, terminal or occasional short, ter- minal chains; inner layer very similar, but with a larger number of inflated cells: volva on pileus very similar to that on base of stipe. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae fairly conspicuous, sparsely branched; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 278 xX 37.6 um. PARTIAL VEIL: almost exclusively filamentous hyphae, Sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, rarely clamped, only an occasional, small, inflated cell, usually elliptic. SPORES: 12.5-13 x 9.0-10 um (E = 1.30-1.38; E” often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 4. Amanita calyptnratoides Peck. 1909. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 36: 329. Seat (des. mihi): Claremont, California, i. 1909, C. F. Baker Som. WNYSom PILEUS: 4-8 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, margin shallowly striate, Lead colored, darker toward center; volval remnant as a large, irregular but unbroken, white, membranous patch covering a large por- tion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: deeply sinuate, white, crowded. STIPE: white, minutely pulverulent striate, 8-12 x 0.8-1.75 cm, tapering up- ward, hollow, annulus evanescent, adhering to lamellae in young spec- imens; volva up to 2 cm deep, irregularly lobed, unite, frequently adhering to the stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 77 x 3.9-11.7 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae dominant, moderately branched, irregularly interwoven, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells few, mostly broadly elliptic to elliptic, up to 87.6 x 78.3 um: tissue at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong-elliptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 359.4 x 68.9 um. SPORES: 11.7-14.8 x (6.2)7.0-8.6 um (E = 1.50-2.27; Els 1.66 Jie elliptic to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic. Typification. Although there is apparently only one collection cited in the original description, an implicit holotype cannot be designated. In the herbarium box labeled "type" from Peck's herbarium there were two separate collections from C. F. Baker, numbers 5100 and 5115. Both were collected under Oak trees in Claremont, CA, the cita- tion in the original publication. Examination of the specimens shows =°1.31),. ellipticg Zi them to be the same organism. It would appear that Peck had two sep- arate collections at his disposal when delimiting this taxon. Since this possibility exists neither can be considered the holotype. In- stead a lectotype must be chosen from these two collections (Art. 7, note 3, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). Analysis of the descriptions accompanying these specimens reveals much similarity in wording between the description of collection 5115 and that used by Peck in the original description. Based upon this similarity and the presence of four fruit bodies in 5115 vs. one fruit body in 5110, I have chosen collection 5115 as the lectotype. 5. Amanita candida Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 137-138. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Alabama, x., F. S. Earle s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 10.4 cm broad, plane, margin not striate, white; volval remnants as a thin pulverulence with a few, randomly scattered warts near the center. LAMELLAE: just reaching stipe, mod- erately broad, crowded; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 12 x 1.5 cm, cylindrical or tapering slightly upward, solid, covered with a slight flocculence, basal bulb abruptly enlarged, subglobose to broadly elliptic, up to 4.5 x 4 cm; no annular remnants; volva as a dense flocculence or rings of small, irregular chunks. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 46 x 3- 12.3 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps observed. VOLVA: fila- mentous hyphae on pileus relatively inconspicuous, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps observed, inflated cells dominant, globose, broadly elliptic to broadly clavate and oblong-elliptic, 30-60 x 15- 33 um, usually as short, terminal chains: remnants on base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae rather abundant, up to 9 um diam, sparsely branched; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 245 x 29 um. SPORES? sell 12,5. 545.957. 0 him (Eas 5622.0; E" « 1.80), elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 6. Agaricus chkhoninosmus Peck in Austin. 1878. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. oe 278. = Amanita chloninosma (Peck) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 7, 15. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Closter, viii. 1877, C. F. Austin s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: up to 15 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly in- rolled, not striate, white; volval remnants as randomly distributed, irregular warts and pulverulence, more dense on disc, with a scarcely discernible yekkLow tint. LAMELLAE: crowded, just reaching stem. STIPE: up to 13 x 2 cm, cylindrical, solid, basal bulb clavate; no annular material remaining; volval remnants as an occasional, randomly distributed wart. 28 PILEIPELLIS: a thin layer of densely interwoven, filamentous hyphae, gelatinous nearer the surface. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose to subcellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 57 x 3.9-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells mostly subglobose to broadly el- liptic, up to 50 x 40 um, with fewer oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 45 x 10 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval remnants at base of stipe very similar to that above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae quite conspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, elongate, longitudinally oriented, upsto..200°xe25 sim: SPORES: 8.2-9.4 x 5.4-5.9 um (E = 1.49-1.71; ale 1.61), ellip- tic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 1. Amaniéia erenutata'Peck. 1900: Torr. Bot. Club Bull2i273 a5: Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Massachusetts, near Boston, 1899, Mrs. E. Blackford s.n. (NYS). PILEUS: up to 4 cm broad, becoming convex or nearly plane, thin, margin striate, whitish or grayish, sometimes tinged with yellow; volval remnants as thin, whitish, floccose patches or slight warts. LAMELLAE: crowded, with floccose-crenulate edges, reaching stipe, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 4.5 x 0.4-0.8 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, white, basal bulb globose to subglobose; no annular material remaining; volva remaining only as floccose-mealy remnants at apex of bulb. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven or subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells approximately up to 160 x 64 um, clavate to irregularly elongate, terminal. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 35-42 x 4-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus 2-6.5 um diam, sparsely to moderately branched, without clamps; gloeoplerous hyphae moderately abundant; inflated cells up to 75 x 51 um, subglobose, ovoid, broadly elliptic, elliptic, fusiform, clavate, arranged mostly as ran- domly oriented, terminal chains, the terminal element usually broadly elliptic to ovoid: volva remnants at base very similar to those on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and incon- Spicuous with terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented cells, up to 2008x532. ine. SPORES: 7.9-8.7 x 7.0-8.7 um (E = 1.0-1.13; E" = 1.04), globose to subglobose, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents gut- tulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic. Typification. In the introduction an explanation was given for the designation of implicit holotypes for several of Peck's taxa. 29 Additional explanation is required for this taxon, however. In a pre- vious publication (Jenkins, 1977) a lectotype was designated for A. cnrenulata. This designation was in error and should be disregarded. As a result of specimen analysis during this study, as well as that of the previously cited publication, I have now studied all of the specimens of A. crenulkata in the Peck herbarium. A reevaluation of the type specimen in question now requires me to accept it as an implicit holotype. 8. Amanita elongata Peck. 1909. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 131: 33. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Pennsylvania, vii. 1907, E. B. Sterling s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4.5 cm broad, plano-convex, margin striate, flesh moderately thick on disc, yellow or onange, sometimes mone deephky colored in the center; volval remnants as randomly distributed, floc- cose patches. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 11 x 0.4-0.8 cm, tapering upward, glabrous, slightly pruinose above annulus, stuffed, white or whitish at the top, pakkid below, basal bulb elliptic, up to 2 x 1.3 cm; annulus superior, very thin, membranous, pale yellow, collapsing on stem or remaining attached to gills; volval remnants sparse, as slight rim or loose, floccose patches. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, no clamps, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 40 x 4.5-9.4 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOkVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells mostly globose to elliptic, up to 93.9 x 62.6 um, with a few elongate, up to 94 x 31.3 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus, but with a larger number of filamentous hyphae. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally ori- ented, up to 281 x 37 um. PARTIAL VEIL: composed primarily of fila- mentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps, with a few variform, terminal, inflated cells, up to 60 x 30 wm. SPORES: 7.8-9.4 x 5.5-6.2 um (E = 1.42-1.71; E” = 1.51) elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic. 9. Amanita frostiana (Pk.) Sacc. (See Agaricus muscarius var. minor). 10. Amanita {nrostiana var. paklidipes Peck. 1899. Rep. N. Y. St. merus. 53: 855. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., vii., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS); mixed collection, specimens annotated. 30 PILEUS: approximately 2.5-4 cm broad, convex to plane, margin faintly striate, whitish to pale yekLow; volval remnants as floccose patches or flattened warts. LAMELLAE: free, crowded; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 3.5-6 x 0.3-0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus fragmentary, 1.5-2 cm from apex of stipe, white; volva often extending above apex:of bulb as slight, free margin. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven or subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, fila- mentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells variform. SUB- HYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps occasional. BASIDIA: 41-50 x 5-11.5 um, 4-sterigmate, rarely clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 51 um, ovoid, broadly elliptic, subglobose, elongate, el- liptic, clavate, or fusiform, often as single, terminal cells or irre- gularly disposed to apico-basal chains of cells: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 40 um, shapes similar to those on pileus but with a larger proportion of elongate cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and relatively inconspicuous; in- flated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 318 x 45 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells rare, elongate, terminal, not exceeding 50 x 10 um. 7 SPORES: (7.3)7.9-10.2 x (5.8)6.3-7.9(8.4) um (E = 1.13-1.46; E = 1.27), subglobose, elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to slightly truncate-conic. Typification. There were no specimens originally cited, requiring designation of a neotype. The collection chosen is mixed, but includes fruit bodies exhibiting the characters of the original description. The two taxa can be separated on amyloidity of spores, those of the type fruit bodies of Amanita {nostiana var. paklidipes exhibiting a negative reaction, the others reacting positively. Fruit bodies have been annotated appropriately. 11. Amanita glabriceps Peck. 1909. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 131: 18-19, Discs. 7f 1927 1-4. Lectotype (des. mihi): New York - Coopers Plains, Steuben Co., vii., Gath. Peckvsin (NYS) PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex to slightly depressed, thin, margin striate, white on yellowish white, sometimes skighthky brownish in the center; no volval remnants on pileus. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 14 x 0.9 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, floccose-squamulose, white, base clavate; annulus fragmentary, median; volva appressed with a slight, free ring of volval material above the free, margined collar. PILEIPELLIS: moderately dense, interwoven to subradial gelatin- ized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed primarily of clavate 51 to irregularly elongate, inflated cells; filamentous hyphae undiffer- entiated with clamps. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: 39-50 x 4.5-9.4 um, 4-sterig- mate, no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe 2-6 um diam, moderately branched, without clamps; inflated cells sub- globose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, clavate, up to 64 x 45 wm. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, Sparsely branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 240 x 35 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae 3-6 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, up to 180 x 25 um. SPORES: 7.9-9.4 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.19-1.38; = 1.28), broadly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, ae nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic. Typification. In Peck's original description only two syntypes were cited, making mandatory the selection of a lectotype. Although both specimens cited were of comparable condition, the one collected by Peck was given preference. 12. Amanita magnivelarts Peck. 1897. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 50: 96. See des. mihi): Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., vii., n. (NYS). PILEUS: approximately 8 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin not striate, white or yekLowish-white; volval remnants a single, mem- branous patch on disc. LAMELLAE: crowded, free, white; lamellulae numerous. STIPE: approximately 9 x 0.7-1.2 cm, tapering upward, apex Slightly expanded, white, basal bulb elliptic, approximately 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus superior, pendant, ample, submembranous, white; volva at base of stipe sheathing, membranous, lobed. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, filamentous hyphae, slightly gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 45 x 4-11.7 un, 4-sterigmate, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus abun- dant, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells abundant, subglobose, broadly elliptic, elliptic, to clavate, up to 109.9 x 46.9 um, uSually terminal, with occasional terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe predominantly filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, with a small number of cells similar to those of pileus volva, in addi- tion, an extensive gelatinous layer, representative of the pileipellis. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 250.5 x 31 um. PARTIAL VEIL: entirely filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; no inflated cells. SPORES: 8.6-10.9 x 5.5-7.8 um (E = 1.34-1.56; ple a7 ellip- tic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin niwetled: contents -guttulate, apiculus sublateral cylindric. : S74 13. Amanita morristi Peck. 1910. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 139: 42. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Massachusetts - Natick, ix. - x. 1909, G. E. Morris s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 9 cm broad, plano-convex, glabrous, flesh moderately thin, margin not striate, dark grayish brown to blackish brown; volval remnants as small, sparse, floccose patches. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, edges smooth, white; lamellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 15 x 1 cm, tapering slightly upward, apex expanded, very slightly floccose, stuffed, sometimes grayish and striate at the top, usuakly white, basal bulb subglobose to ovoid, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annu- lus superior, up to 3 cm from apex, membranous, double-edged, whitish buf{ beneath; volva as occasional, small, floccose patches. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short terminal chains. SUBHY- MENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 43 x 4.9-8.6 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells dominant, globose, sub- globose, broadly elliptic, with a few small, elongate, up to 62.6 x 26.6 um, terminal or short, terminal chains, the subtending cells being usually elongate. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, Sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, or occasional short, terminal chains, clavate to oblong-el- liptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 187 x 31.3 um. PARTIAL VEIL: predominantly filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; a significant number of inflated cells, cylindrical, up to 125 x 9.5 um, rarely exceeding that diameter. SPORES#) 9/..0-7.8 x 5.5-6.3 um (E = 1224-1842; Bue 1.27), broadly elliptic to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindrical. 14. Amanita muktisquamosa Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 53: 840, DIRE Deol Ocel=7.. Lectotype (des. mihi): New York - Amagansett, Suffolk Co., vii., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4 cm broad, convex to plane, margin slightly striate, white or white with a brown or brownish center; vol- val remnants aS num@rous, angular, erect warts, more closely spaced toward disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. | STIPE: approximately 5 x 0.3-0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, | white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus fragmentary, approximately 2 cm from apex of stipe, white; volva as slight, free margin at apex of bulb, not inrolled. PILEIPELLIS: gelatinous layer with relatively little hyphal structure remaining. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, fila- mentous hyphae and inflated, elongate cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.5-11 um, 4-sterigmate, — 5S no clamps observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus approximately 2-8 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped, with a signifi- cant number of gloeoplerous hyphae; inflated cells up to 76 x 51 unm, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, clavate, usually arranged in terminal, randomly oriented to apico-basal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe approximately 3-7 um diam, moderately branched, with occasional clamps; inflated cells similar to those on pileus with a larger number of broadly shaped cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 255 x 38 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 3-7 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells sparse, terminal, clavate, up to 130 x 20 um. SPORES==).857-1licx 7.0 807 um (E =00.10-1.39; Eee Te22)s5 sub- globose to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, non- amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, trun- cate-conic. Typification. Peck's original description contained no citation of specimens, but only three counties in which collections were made. The lectotype is from one of these, and has been chosen based on mor- phological similarities with the original description and in agreement with Bas (annotated specimen). 15. Agaricus muscarius var. albus Peck. 1880. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. B35: 44. = Amanita muscaria var. alba (Pk.) Peck. 1893. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 46: 53. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Albany and Delmar, x., C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4-9 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, relatively thin, margin striate, white; volval remnants as thin, floc- cose patches or small, angular warts, arranged in nearly concentric rings. LAMELLAE: free to approximate, crowded; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: up to 8 x 0.9 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed to hollow, basal bulb ovoid, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus fragmentary; volva as irregular, floccose ringlets at apex of bulb and lower stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: composed of undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, 3-9 um diam; inflated cells elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilat- eral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: 41-50 X 4-11.5 um, usually 4-sterigmate, occasionally clamped. VOLVA: fila- mentous hyphae on pileus up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps occasional; inflated cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, elliptic, clavate, fusiform, up to 138 x 51 um, arranged as random to apico-basal, terminal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe up to 8.5 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; inflated cells very similar to those on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and relatively inconspicuous with terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented cells, up to 225 x 25 um. 34 SPORES: 9.4-11.2 x 7.0-8.4 um (E = 1.29-1.45; E” = 1.36), broadly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. Typification. Peck cited no specimens in the original descrip- tion, thus requiring the designation of a neotype. The specimen above was chosen because of its proximity to Peck's primary collecting area, its acceptable condition, and the exhibition of morphological charac- teristics associated with the A. muscaria complex. 16. Agariaus muscarius var. major Peck. 1872. Rep. N. Y. St. Cab. 235 Ook Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Catskill Mountains, x., C. H. Peck Sn (NYS) PILEUS: approximately 8 cm broad, plano-convex, surface glabrous, margin striate, flesh moderately thin; volval remnants\as irregular to pyramidal warts, randomly disposed, frequently becoming thinner to- ward margin. LAMELLAE: moderately broad. STIPE: approximately 9 x 1.6 cm, tapering upward, stuffed, quite fibrillose on surface, basal bulb elliptic, up to 2.5 x 2 cm; annulus superior, floccose-membranous ; no volval remnants remaining at base of stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, occasionally clamped. BASIDIA: up to 62 x 4-11.8 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, clamps not observed. VOLVA: remnants on pileus a dense to loose tissue of irregularly disposed to apico-basal, terminal chains of inflated cells and single, terminal cells; cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, elliptic, oblong- elliptic, fusiform to clavate, up to 138 x 69 um; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, abundant, moderately branched, occasionally clamped, with abundant gloeoplerous segments: remnants at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus, but with a smaller number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, sparsely branched, clamped; inflated cells up to 376 x 45 um, clavate to oblong-elliptic, terminal, longitudinally oriented. PARTIAL VEIL: composed primarily of moderately branched, occasionally clamped, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, with a significant number of inflated cells, clavate, terminal, up to 74 x 18 um. SPORES? 16-9-10.2.% 5.9-7.6 um (E-= 1o1723259: = Liceie 17. Agaricus muscarius var. minor Peck. 1869. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Ose e69)s = Amanita (rostiana (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syl]. Fung. 5: 14. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Croghan, Lewis Co., no date, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). broadly elliptic to elongate, adaxially flattened, thin walled, hyaline, | nonamyloid; contents guttulate to subgranular; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic. om) PILEUS: approximately 3 cm broad, convex or expanded, margin striate, bright orange; volval remnants as small patches to small warts, more numerous over disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, tinged with yellow; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 5 x 0.3-0.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, yellow, bulbous at base; annulus fragmentary, approximately 1.5 cm from stipe apex; volva extending above bulb as slight margin, with narrow, ascending rings of floccose material below margin of bulb. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae with inflated cells, mostly elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; fila- mentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 40-50 x 4.5-11 um, 4- sterigmate, clamps rare. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus 3-7 um diam, scarcely to moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells globose, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, up to 76 x 57 um, with clavate, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, astringo-elliptic, up to 160 x 38 un, arranged as irregular to apico-basal, terminal chains: filamentous hyphae of volva at base of stipe 3-9 um diam, moderately branched, frequently clamped; inflated cells very similar to those above. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous with terminal, oblong-elliptic to clavate, longitudinally oriented, inflated cells up to 240 x 35 um. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamped, with occasional, terminal, inflated cells up to 160 x 20 um. SPORES: 7.9-8.7 x 7.9-8.7 um (E = 1.0-1.01; EN = 1.01), globose to subglobose, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic. Typification. Peck did not cite any specimens in the original description, forcing the selection of a neotype. The collection chosen as type is mixed, containing fruit bodies of two morphologically sim- ilar taxa. When Peck changed the rank of the taxon he emended the original description by adding the character of globose spore shape. This enables division of this collection into fruit bodies with glo- bose spores (A. 410stiana) and those with elliptic spores (presumably A. sLavoconia). In addition the globose spores of A. {r04stiana are nonamyloid while those of the elliptic spored specimen are amyloid. Woe Agaricus nivalis Peck. 1880. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 33: 48. = Amanita nivalis (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9, 16. Neotype (des. mihi): New York - Worcester, Otsego Co., no date, C. H. Peck s.n. (NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4.5-5 cm broad, plane, thin, white, some- times tinged wrth yeklLow or ochraceous on the disk, margin striate; no volval remnants on pileus. LAMELLAE: barely free, crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 10 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, white, base subglobose to ovoid; annulus absent; volva delicate, floccose, at apex of bulb forming a fragile, rim-like struc- ture or leaving fragments on lower stipe. PILEIPELLIS: a layer of interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous 36 hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae relatively slender and mod- erately branched; inflated cells clavate to irregularly elongate, up to 130 x 32 wm. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undiff- erentiated; inflated cells oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 110 x 24 um, terminal or in very short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, rarely clamped. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.7-11 um, 4-sterigmate, rarely clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe up to 7 um diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells up to 125 x 25 um, subglobose, broadly elliptic, ovoid, oblong-elliptic, cla- vate, usually as irregularly disposed, terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 6 wm diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 380 X32 im. SPORES: 7.0-9.4 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.11-1.38; E” = 1.20), subglo- bose to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. Typification. In the original description Peck cited no speci- mens, thereby forcing the selection of a neotype. He did, however, mention in his discussion three counties in which he had collected the fungus. Based on the similarity of morphological characters of these specimens to the original description, the neotype has been selected as a collection from one of these locations. e see aes parcrvokvata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 2ERIZ 22010, = Amanita parcivokvata (Pk.) Gilb. 1941. Iconogr. Mycol. 27(2): 226. Lectotype (des. mihi): North Carolina - Skyland, Henderson Co., vii., Miss Mary L. Wilson s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 3 cm broad, convex to plane, flesh thin, margin striate, orange on yeklLow, sometimes onange in the center and yellow on whitish on the margin; no volval remnants remaining. LAM- ELLAE: free, crowded, pale yellow; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: ap- proximately 3 x 0.2-0.4 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, pale yekkhow, nanely fading to white, base ovoid; volval remnants as sparse, very fine floccose material at top of basal bulb, white. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae approxi- mately 3-6 um diam, moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells up to 100 x 25 um, elongate, terminal or as short, terminal chains. SUB- HYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: 40-47 x 4.5-12.6 um, 4-sterigmate, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe very sparse, approximately 2-6 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped; inflated cells up to 70 x 64 um, globose, subglobose, ovoid, broadly elliptic, elliptic, clavate, usually arranged as ter- minal, randomly oriented chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong-elliptic, longitudinally oriented, 222 x 64 un. SPORES: 11-11.8 x 6.3-7.9 um (E = 1.39-1.75; E™ = 1.52); Saf elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate-conic. Typification. In the original description two syntypes were cited. Although a lectotype should ideally be a specimen collected by the author, neither of the syntypes was collected by Peck. The specimen in the best condition was, therefore, selected. 20. Amanita peckiana Kauff. in Peck. 1913. Mycologia 5: 6/7. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi):. Michigan - New Richmond, ix. 1912, C. H. Kauffman s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plano-convex, margin not striate, slightly inrolled, white; no volval remnants remaining. LAMELLAE: free or just reaching stem, moderately crowded, white; lam- ellulae attenuate. STIPE: up to 5.5 x 0.8-1.0 cm, tapering slightly upward, base slightly enlarged; annulus remaining attached to lamellae and margin of pileus; volva thick, membranous, saccate, lobed, up to 1 cm deep. PILEIPELLIS: a layer of interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam; inflated cells clavate to elongate. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae undifferentiated; inflated cells oblong-elliptic to elongate, terminal or in very short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ra- mose to inflated ramose, not clamped. BASIDIA: 39-46 x 4-12 um, 4- sterigmate, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe abundant, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells mostly globose to broadly elliptic, up to 78 x 78 um, with fewer elongate cells, up to 93.9 x 31.3 um, disposed as terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, sparsely branched, without clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally or- jented, up to 234.7 x 37 wm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 wm diam, moderately branched, no clamps, with very occasional, ter- minal, inflated cells, up to 45 x 15 um. SPORES: 12.5-14.8 x 4.9-5.9 um (E = 2.27-3.02; jes 2200) 3 cylindric, smooth, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. Observation. This taxon is included with the taxa described as new by C. H. Peck only because it appeared in one of his publications. Primary credit should go to C. H. Kauffman who first collected and described the specimens. Accompanying the type specimen is a letter and a description from Kauffman to Peck. In this letter Kauffman emphasized the necessity of designating this organism as a new species. In addition, the included description is almost word for word the same as the published description. In accordance with Recommendation 46D, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, C. H. Kauffman should be primarily associated with the publication of this name. 21. Amanita phakloides var. striatula Peck. 1902. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 54: 961. 38 Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Bolton, no date, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4 cm broad, plano-convex, thin margin, very faintly striate, white; no volval remnants remaining on pileus. LAMELLAE: just reaching stipe, crowded, edges slightly floccose; lam- ellulae attenuate. STIPE: approximately 7.5 x 0.6 cm, tapering up- ward, stuffed, basal bulb globose to subglobose; annulus superior, thin, membranous, delicate, collapsing; volva membranous, moderately thick, shallow. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filmentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells, up to 150 x 25 um. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae cellular, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 39 x 3.9- 10.2 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 10 um diam, no clamps. with few inflated cells, mostly broadly elliptic, usually terminal, up to 93 x 78 wm. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam; inflated cells terminal, clavate to oblong- elliptic, longitudinally oriented, up to 271 x 25 um. SPORES +9 728=10.2 x%;7.0-10.2 um (E =.1.0-1.2103 Els 1.04), glo- bose to subglobose, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 22. Amanita pratrticoka Peck. 1897. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 24: 138. Holotype (Implicit: cf. des. Bas, 1969): Kansas, Rooks Co., 17. ix. 1896, E. Bartholomew s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plano-convex, margin slightly appendiculate, not striate, white, more or Less tinged with yeklow; volval remnants as subpyramidal to pyramidal warts, fairly small, ran- domly distributed, becoming fewer toward margin. LAMELLAE: moderately crowded, just reaching stem, white. STIPE: up to 7 x 0.7 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, apparently solid, basal bulb very Slight, white or whitish; annulus superior, membranous, narrow; no volval remnants remaining on base of stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, in- flated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 ym diam, moderately branched, clamps rare; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to Subcellular, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 54 x 5.5-14.8 um, 4-sterigmate, abundantly clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus sparsely to moderately branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells mostly elliptic, oblong-elliptic to fusiform, up to 110 x 37 um, terminal or short, terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 8 um diam, clamped; inflated cells terminal, mostly clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 249 x 31 um. SPORES: 11.7-14.1 x 8.6-10.9 um (E = 1.24-1.45; E™ = 1.33), broadly elliptic to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, og amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylin- aric. 23. Amanitopsis pulverulenta Peck. 1907. Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. 116: ie = Amanita Limbatulka Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5(4): 530. Holotype (Implicit: cf. des. Bas, 1969): Port Jefferson, Suffolk Co., 18. viii. 1906, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 3.5 cm broad, plano-convex, margin even, white on creamy white; volval remnants as a thin pulverulent layer and occasional floccose patches. LAMELLAE: free or just touching stipe, moderately broad, crowded, white. STIPE: approximately 3 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly to apex, occasional slight flocculence, white, basal bulb elliptic to broadly elliptic; volva as a very slight, membranous limb on upper portion of bulb. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae moderately branched, clamped; inflated cells elongate, usually terminal. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to slightly inflated ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 50 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamped. VOLVA: remnants on pileus composed of filamentous hyphae and inflated cells; hyphae moderately branched, up to 8 ym diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells globose to elliptic, up to 55 x 30 um, with a few elongate, up to 80 x 35 um, terminal or in short, terminal chains: volval material at base of stipe very similar to that on pileus. STIPE TRAMA: fila- mentous hyphae abundant, sparsely branched, and clamped; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 330 x 3/7 um. SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 3.9-5.5 um (E = 1.83-2.21; ie 1.93), elon- gate to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic. 24. Amanita pusilla Peck. 1897. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 50: 96. non [Amanita pusilla Per. 1799. Obs. Myc. 2: 36]. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Gouverneur, St. Lawrence ban. 46 xi... 1896, Mrs. E. C. Anthony. s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 2.0-2.5 cm broad, plano-convex with slight umbo, rimose-areolate, margin not striate, pale brown. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, becoming brownish. STIPE: approximately 2 x 0.2-0.3 cm, tapering slightly upward, basal bulb subglobose to ovoid; slight mem- branous volva at apex of basal bulb. Observation. This does not appear to be a member of the genus Amanita. Analysis of two characters indicates this: 1) the lamella trama is interwoven and not bilateral, and 2) the stipe trama does not have the "typical Amanita structure" (Hoffman, 1861: 11; Boudier, 1886: pl. 1, fig. 8; Bas, 1969: 328). Since there is a definite volval structure present, this might easily be a Volvariella. The identity could not be determined at this time due to the condition of the specimen and the lack of notes. 40 25. Amanita radicata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 27: 609-610. = Amanita rhopakopus Bas. 1969. Persoonia 5(4): 416-417. Lectotype (cf. des. Bas, 1969): New Jersey, 26. vii. 1899, E. B. Sterling 114, s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 5 cm broad, convex, margin even, inrolled, white; volval remnants as irregularly shaped, adnate warts densely covering pileus. LAMELLAE: free crowded, rather narrow. STIPE: approximately 6 x 1.6 cm, tapering upward, floccose-scaly, solid, white, basal bulb cylindrical to oblong-elliptic; annular remains thick, floccose-membranous, remaining attached to pileus margin; volval remnants as a few floccose patches on basal bulb. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; in- flated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHY- MENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, occasionally clamped. BAS- IDIA: up to 55 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, occasionally clamped. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus moderately branched, up to 9 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells subglobose to broadly elliptic, up to 71.9 x 46.9 um and oblong-elliptic to clavate, up to 110 x 37.6 um, terminal or short, terminal chains: volval rem- nants at base of stipe very similar to above, but with a greater num- ber of filamentous hyphae. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, occasionally clamped; inflated cells ter- minal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 210 x 18 um. SPORES: 8.5-10.5 x 5.0-7.0 um (E = 1.35-1.80; Eis 1.55), ellip- tic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, truncate-conic. hyp ifacavion=e ct... Bas, 1969. a Agaricus nussuloides Peck. 1873. Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 12) eee = Amanita nussuloides (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 13. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): New York - Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., no! dates*Ca Ho -Peckas.n. (NYS)2 PILEUS: approximately 3.5 cm broad, convex to plano-convex, mar- gin striate, pale yellow on straw color; volval remnants as a few widely scattered, floccose patches. LAMELLAE: crowded, free but con- nected to stipe by a floccose line, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 3.5 x 0.2-0.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, stuffed, smooth, bulbous at base; no annulus; volva as a slight, free limb at the apex of the bulb with occasional floccose patches on lower stem. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven to subradial, gelatinized, fila- mentous hyphae. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps not observed; inflated cells up to 130 x 25 um, mostly clavate and irregularly elongate. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamps not observed. BASIDIA: 39-50 x 4.1-12 um, 4- sterigmate, clamps rarely observed. VOLVA: on pileus a loose to 4l fairly dense tissue of apico-basal to irregularly disposed, terminal chains of clavate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, astringo-cylindric in- flated cells; cells up to 110 x 32 um, with broadly elliptic and ovoid cells up to 64 x 40 um; filamentous hyphae of volva 4-8 um diam, moderately branched, clamps not observed: inflated cells of basal volva very similar to those on pileus with elliptic and ovoid cells larger, usually arranged in irregularly disposed, terminal chains; filamentous hyphae 3-8 um diam, moderately branched, rarely clamped. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, sparsely branched, clamps rare; inflated cells up to 255 x 32 um, clavate, terminal, longitudinally oriented. SPORES: 8.7-10.2 x 6.3-7.0 um (E = 1.24-1.49; Ey e40)s broadly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially flattened, thin walled, smooth, hyaline, nonamyloid; contents guttulate; apicutus sublateral, cylindric. Typification. The specimen citation in the original description is very incomplete, and under ordinary circumstances would not suffice in type selection. However, this taxon appears to be rare, and Peck (1905) later stated that’ he had made no additional collections at Greenbush. Under these conditions I feel that the citation justifies the matching packet at NYS as the holotype (Lanjouw, 1966; Guide for the Determination of Types). Pim Agaticus Spretus Peck. 1879. Rep. N: Y. St. Mus..32: 24. = Amanita spreta (Pk.) Sacc. 1887. Syll. Fung. 5: 12. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Sandlake, 1878, C. H. Peck s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 10 cm broad, plano-convex to plane, flesh thin, margin strongly striate, whitish or pake brown; no volval rem- nants on pileus surface. LAMELLAE: free to just reaching stipe, mod- erately crowded, white; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 20 x 1.5 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, stuffed, white, basal bulb not inflated; annulus superior, submembranous, frag- mentary; volva thin, membranous, saccate, up to 3.5 cm deep, often ad- hering to stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hy- phae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae approx- imately 7 um diam, moderately branched, occasionally clamped; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose, clamped. BASIDIA: up to 49 x 4-14 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, frequently clamped. VOLVA: layered at the base of the stipe; outer layer almost exclusively filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells rare, broadly el- liptic to oblong-elliptic, terminal; inner layer very similar but with a larger number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated and inconspicuous, sparsely branched, no clamps seen; inflated cells longitudinally oriented, clavate, terminal, up to 469 X 62.6 pm. PARTIAL VEIL: filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, mod- erately branched, clamped; inflated cells rare. SPORES: 10.2-13.3 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.62-2.11; E” = 1.86), elong- ate to cylindric, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, nonamyloid, thin 42 walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 28. Amanita submaculata Peck. 1900. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 27: 609. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): North Carolina, vii. 1899, Miss M. L. Wilson s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 7 cm broad, plano-convex, margin very Slightly striate, datk brown, more on Less marked by whitish stripes on Spots; volval remnants as a single, floccose patch. LAMELLAE: mod- erately close, just reaching stipe, white. STIPE: approximately 6 x 0.6 cm, tapering slightly upward, expanded at apex, solid, white, basal bulb ovoid; annulus large, flaring membranous, very thin, white; no volval remnants remaining. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and elong- ate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae moderately branched, no clamps seen; inflated cells elongate, terminal or in short, terminal chains. BASIDIA: up to 60 x 5-14 um, 4-sterig- mate, thin walled, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae on pileus relatively inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells abundant, primarily subglobose to broadly elliptic, with a few oblong-elliptic, mostly terminal chains. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 281 x 3] um. SPORES«2 70-876 x 4.7-6.4 um (E =.) 22=1.633 ac 1.59), broadly elliptic to elongate, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 29. Amanttopsrs velkosa Peck. 1895. Torr. Bot. Club Bull. 22: 485. = Amanita velosa (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9,15. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): California - Pasadena, under Oak trees, iv. 1895, A. J. McClatchie s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 5 cm broad, plane to plano-convex, margin Slightly inrolled, striate, buf4 or orxange-bufs; volval remnants as large whitish, felty patches, randomty distributed and frequently covering a large portion of the pileus. LAMELLAE: crowded, just reaching the stipe, pale cream color; lamellulae truncate. STIPE: approximately 9 x 0.6 cm, tapering upward, slightly at apex, stuffed, white on whitish, basal bulb not distinct; no annular remains; volva very thick and membranous-felty, remote or adhering to stipe. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae and variform, in- flated cells, terminal or short, terminal chains. LAMELLA TRAMA: bi- lateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells mostly elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to slightly inflated ramose, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 62 x 5.6-15 um, 4-sterigmate, walls thin, no clamps. VOLVA: on pileus composed primarily of filamentous hyphae, irregularly disposed, moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, no clamps; 43 inflated cells usually elliptic, up to 78.3 x 46.9 um, terminal: tis- sue of volva at the stipe base very similar to that of pileus, but with a slightly larger number of inflated cells. STIPE TRAMA: fila- mentous hyphae undifferentiated and quite abundant, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longi- tudinally oriented, up to 343 x 43 um. SPORES: 9.4-10.9 x 7.8-9.4 um (E = 1.09-1.27; le 1.16), sub- globose to broadly elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, non- amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, trun- cate-conic. 30. Agaricus volvatus Peck. 1872. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. 24: 59, = Amanita volvata (Pk.) Lloyd. 1898. Volvae: 9, 15. fe (Implicit: des. mihi): Greenbush, no date, C. H. Peck s.n. NYS). PILEUS: approximately 4.7 cm broad, plano-convex, flesh moder- ately thick, margin faintly striate, whitish, the disk pake brown; vol- val remnants as thin, floccose patches, randomly distributed, but con- centrated on disc. LAMELLAE: free, crowded, white. STIPE: approx- imately 6 x 0.7 cm, tapering upward, slightly expanded at apex, stuffed, whitish; no annulus; volva saccate, thick membranous, margin lobed, up to 3.5 cm deep. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, slightly gelatinized, filamen- tous hyphae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 9 um diam, and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 7 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. BASIDIA: up to 46 x 4-11 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, no clamps ob- served. VOLVA: at base of stipe layered; outer layer composed pri- marily of filamentous hyphae, up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps observed; inflated cells few, broadly elliptic up to 72 x 59.5 um, and elongate up to 78.3 x 21.9 um, terminal; inner layer very simi- lar, but with a greater number of inflated cells: volval material on pileus very similar to that on the inside layer of the basal volva. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae inconspicuous, sparsely branched, up to 7 um diam, no clamps observed; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 218 x 21 um. SPORES: 8.6-10.2 x 5.5-7.0 um (E = 1.34-1.58; Ee" = 1.48), ellip- tic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. 31. Amanitopsis volvata var. eLongata Peck. 1900. Rep. N. Y. St. Muommos sO, pi. A. f1g.-6-10. Wen (Implicit: des. mihi): Claryville, no date, C. H. Peck s.n. NYS). PILEUS: approximately 6.3 cm broad, plano-convex to plane, white, margin slightly striate, glabrous, flesh moderately thin; no volval remnants remaining. LAMELLAE: free, moderately crowded. STIPE: approximately 10 x 0.7 cm, tapering slightly upward, slightly 44 floccose-mealy; basal bulb elliptic; no annular remains; volva saccate, membranous, moderately thick, lobed, up to 2 cm deep. PILEIPELLIS: densely interwoven, gelatinized, filamentous hy- phae. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated, filamentous hyphae, up to 8 um diam, moderately branched and elongate, inflated cells. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells elongate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae ramose to inflated ramose, no clamps observed. BASIDIA: up to 47 x 4-7.8 um, 4-sterigmate, thin walled, clamps not observed. VOLVA: filamentous hyphae at base of stipe moderately branched, up to 8 um diam, clamps not observed; inflated cells elliptic to clavate, terminal, up to 93.9 x 31.3 um, with a very few, small, subglobose to elliptic. STIPE TRAMA: filamentous hyphae sparsely branched, up to 9 um diam, no clamps seen; inflated cells terminal, clavate, longitudinally oriented, up to 249 x 21.9 um. SPORESs ) 10e2-\).7 x°4.7-6.2 pm (E.=) 385-2232. Eee 2.02), elong- ate to cylindrical, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric to truncate- CONG. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. John H. Haines, Senior Scientist, State Museum, Albany, N. Y., for persevering in the search for these type specimens. Thanks are also extended to Drs. Joseph Ammirati and James Kimbrough for review of this article and Dr. Ronald H. Petersen for advice on nomenclatural problems. LITERATURE CITED Atkinson, G. F. 1918. Charles Horton Peck. Bot. Gaz. 65: 103-108. Bas, C. 1969. Morphology and Subdivision of Amanita and a Monograph on its Section Lepidella. Persoonia 5(4): 285-579. Bessey, C. E. 1914. A Notable Botanical Career. Science n.s. 40: 48. Boudier, J. L. E. 1866. Les Champignons au Point de Vue de Leurs Caracteéres Usuels, Chimiques et Toxologiques. Paris Burnham, S. H. 1919. Charles Horton Peck. Mycologia 11(1): 33-39. Gilbertson, R. L. 1962. Index to Species and Varieties of Fungi Described by C. H. Peck from 1909 to 1915. Mycologia 54(5): 460-465. Hoffmann, H. 1861. Icones Analyticae Fungorum. Giessen. Jenkins, D. T. 1977. A Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Study of the Genus Amanita Section Amanita for North America. Bibliotheca Mycolo- Qicai.5y apie 126. Lanjouw, J. 1966. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Utrecht. Lloyd, C. G. 1912. Mycological Notes 38: 510-512. Peck, C. H. 1905. New Species of Fungi. Mycologia 5(2): 67. . 1905. Remarks and Observations. Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. LOSea3 0 fone VIl,yNo. 1, pp. 45-54 April-June 1978 A NEW STATUS FOR THE BROWN PARMELIAE THEODORE L. ESSLINGER Department of Botany North Dakota State University Fargo, ‘North Dakota 58102 Generic concepts in lichens have been undergoing ex- tremely rapid change recently, especially in large and ubig- uitous families like the Parmeliaceae. In his work with the large and heterogeneous genus Parmelia, Hale (1974 a, Din, d; 1976) has created eight new segregate genera just since 1974. Recently (Esslinger, 1977), I published a revision of the brown species of Parmelta in which three major in- frageneric taxa, the subgenera Allantoparmelia, Melanopar- melta, and Neofusca, were recognized. At the time of the original research and writing of that paper, I wavered be- tween treating the three taxa as independent genera or as Subgenera, deciding finally to follow the more conservative path of recognition as subgenera. The time span between writing the paper and its final publication proved to be rather long, however, and well before it appeared in print, I was convinced that recognition at the level of genus would have been more natural and more indicative of the re- mote relationships between the three taxa involved. The descriptions and/or new combinations necessitated by recog- nition at the level of genus are presented below. The evi- dence supporting the recognition of three independent taxa are presented in my original paper and will not be repeated here. The following key outlines the major distinctions be- tween the three genera to be recognized. As with most gen- era, there is no single character that will distinguish be- tween any two of the three. Rare exceptions to almost all character differences do occur, hence the relative complex- ity of the key. | -Lower surface erhizinate and the upper cortex HNO.-; foli- ose to subcrustose species characteristic of rock (or rarely soil) substrates in boreal or arctic-alpine CIB BSS Aaa 5 OS OO DEON GOCE ADOBE Ee Allantoparmelta 46 -Lower surface rhizinate or the upper cortex HNO .,+ blue- green or both -Upper cortex HNO,+ blue-green or rarely violet (in one North American species and one South African species); foliose to commonly subcrustose or sub- fruticose species characteristic of rock or soil substrates primarily in temperate aréas.-.2 2. eee Beis eate eee ei sres 4 Sea olctwis! bas, Siahre CA Eee ener one Neofuscelta -Upper cortex HNO,- (rarely HNO,+ violet in two eura- sion species); foliose species of deverse sub- strates (including rock), most common in north temperate to boreal or arctic-alpine areas..2. 2. PUB My osteo nie! +: 91.5: #5424, 060 sue pend ef ae ee eee Metanelta ALSANTOPARMELIA Vain.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Allantoparmelta Vain., Ye IO CHOU it. Se, LOOO” Type species: Allantoparmelta alptcola (Th. Fr.) Essl. Allantoparmelta almqutstit (Vain.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta almquistit Vain, Ark. Bot. 8(4): EVA) SIRS eho Allantovarmelta alptcola (Th. Fr.) Essl., comb.anov. Basionym: Parmelta alptcola Th. Fr., Lichenes Arctoi: Dd. LOU. Allantoparmelta stbtrtca (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta stbtrtca Zahlbr., Catalog. Lichen. Univers..6: 47. 1930. (as nom. nov. for Polnzem Vai menre. Ot. 6 (4): ¢ sl. 1909)% MELANELIA Essl., gen. nov. Thallus foliosus, laxus vel modice adnatus, lobis 0.4- 11 mm latis, brevibus et rotundatis vel elongatis, plus minusve planis. Superne vulgo sorediatus isidiatus vel pseudocyphellatus, HNO, non reagens vel raro HNO.,+ viola= ceus. Subtus modice vel sparse rhizinosus. Type species: Melanelta stygta (L.) Essl. Synonym: Parmelta subgenus Melanoparmelia (Hue) Essl., Ue ehactorim bot. «Lab. 42:46.) Loy i. subgenus MELANELIA Melanelta dtsjuneta (Erichs.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia disjuneta Erichs., Ann. Mycol. 37: 78. 1939: (as nom. nov. for P. soredtata var. corallotdea Lynge, Lichens from Novaya Zemlya: 200. 1928). Melanelta panntformts (Nyl.) Essl., comb, nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa £. panntformts Nyl., Synop. Method. BVeCherat soi. L860. 47 Melanelta predtsjuncta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta predisjuncta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: SOs LOT. Melanelta soredtosa (Almb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia sorediosa Almb. in Krok & Almquist, Svensk Plorvastor skolor 2,. Kryptogamer;, ed. 6:, 134. 1947. (acenom...novi. for 2. sorediaia (Ach.)) Th. Fr; Lichenes ArCLOL: 26.1) 1860), Basionym: = Parmelta etygia B. P. soredtata Ach., Lichenogr. Univers.: 471. 1810). Melanelta stygta (L.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Ltchen Stygtuse L., Spec: Pl. 2: 1148. 91753. Melanelta substygta (Ras.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia substygta R&as., Lichenes Fenniae Exs. 51. 1936. subgenus OLIVASCENTES (Harm.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta sect. Amphigymnta A. Olivascentes Harm., Lichens de France 4: .571. 1909. Type species: Melanelta acetabulum (Neck.) Essl. Melanelta acetabulum (Neck.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Ltehen acetabulum Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belgic. Silvestr. oe 5062. L768. Melanelta koflerae (Clauzade & Poelt) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta koflerae Clauzade & Poelt, Nova Heawidia 3:5 6368... 1961. Subgenus VAINIOBLLAE (Gyeln.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Euparmelia sect. Vatntoéllae Gyeln., Bevel. spec. Nov. Regni, Veg.) 30:7 $220... 1932). Type species: Melanelia glabra (Schaer.) Essl. Melanelta albertana (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta albertana Ahti, Bryologist 72: 236. 1969. Melanelta calva (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- Wella CalvarEssi!, J... Hattori Bot. hab. 42> .'60. 1977. Melanelta elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta olivacea * P. asptdota var. elegantula Zahlbr., Verh. Vereins Natur— und Heilk. ‘/Pressburg 8: ' 39. 1894. Melanelta exasperata (De Not.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta exasperata De Not., Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 193. 1847. Melanelta exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta exasperatula Nyl., Flora 56: 299. 1873. Melanelta fuscosoredtata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: rormel ta, juscosored ata (Essli), J. Hattori Potalbabe 42: OS eh LOT. Melanelta glabratula (Lamy) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: 48 Parmelta olivacea a cortteola a. glabra Schaer., Li- chenum Helveticorum Spicilegium: 466. 1840. Melanelta glabratula (Lamy) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta fuligitnosa * P. glabratula Lamy, Bull. Soc. Boteerrance: 30:4 353. “LSss- Melanelta glabratuloides (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita glabratulotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. ADA Zee ia. 1 OTis Melanelta glabrotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta glabrotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: er OW ds Melanelta halet (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- melta halet Ahti, Acta Bot. Fenn. 70: 38. 1966. Melaneltia huet (Asah.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- mecia Muet Asan., J. Jap. Bot. 526) | 194. 10518 Melanelia tnfunata (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetia tnfumata Nyl.,- Flora 58: ~359. -1875. Melanelta lacintatula (Flag. ex Oliv.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia exasperatula var. lactntatula Flag. ex Oliv., Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 12: 69 se5ioaam Melanelta multtspora (Schneid.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta multtspora Schneid., A Guide to the Study of hichens:,Lo4. 189s. Melanelta olivacea (L.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: J1- enen olivaceus L., Spec. Pl.: WI435 4753. Metlanelta oltvaceotdes (Krog) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia oltvaceotdes Krog, Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 144: TO972 e965. Melanelia piltferella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta ptitferella Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: SSeewe Lo 7 ihe Melanelta pseudoglabra (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia pseudoglabra Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: Ba LO ik Melanelta septentrtonalts (Lynge) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita olivacea var. septentrtonalts Lynge, Bergens Mus. Arbok 1912 (10)ss- 4 BLO eee Melanelia subargenttfera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym Parmelta subargentifera Nyl., Flora 58: 359. 1875. Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subaurifera Nyl., Flora 56: 22. 1873" Melanelia subelegantula (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym Parmelita subelegantula Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: BO OT Ts Melanelta subglabra (Ras.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subaurtfera var. subglabra Ras., Ann. Bot. Soc Zoot. bot. renn. “Vanamo”™ 122. £9. 71932: 49 Melanelta suboltvacea (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta suboltvacea Nyl. in Hasse, Bull. Torrey Bot. Giuby 243 "445. “1897. Melanelta trabeculata (Ahti) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta trabeculata Ahti, Acta Bot. Fenn. 70: 54. 1966. Melanelta ushuatensts (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta ushuatensts Zahlbr., Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 57: 42. 1917. Melanelta villosella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia ULLioselia Bssl., J -sHattoria Bot. tab. 42: OD eee OT 7. Melanelta zopheroa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pomme ta. Z0Dnevrod Bssl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab, 42:9 96- Love. NEOFUSCELIA Essl., gen. nov. Thallus foliosus vel interdum subcrustosus vel sub- frucicosus, laxus vel arctus adnatus, lobis 0.1-—5 mm latis, brevibus et rotundatis vel lineari-elongatis, plus minusve planis vel convexis. Superne sorediis pseudocyphellisque destitutus, vulgo isidiatus; persaepe HNO ,+ aeruginosus vel atrovirens, raro HNO, + violaceus vel non reagans. Subtus plerumgue rhizinosus. Type species: WNeofuscelta pulla (Ach.) Essl. Synonym: Parmelta subgenus Neofusca (Gyeln.) Essl., Uemuattori, Bot. ab. 42:5 97% L977. subgenus NEOFUSCELIA Neofuscelta adpteta (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta adptcta Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. hie Denkschr. 104: 351, 1941. Neofuscelta ahtit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- Melia anti. -Essla, J. Hattori /Bot. Lab. 42: / 99% OVE. Neofuscelta appltcata (Stizenb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta proltxa var. applteata Stizenb., Ber. thatick wot suGcalleiNatunwiss. Ges. «LOS/-Go> « 163. lestsio ie Weojusce td attica (Leuckert™ e@) al). Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa var. attica Leuckert et Alea Vesa. NACH ece apse UOO w= LOT, Neofuscelita attitcotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta .2veLCotdes Essl., gd. Hattori Bot. Labs 42: POlee bLO7.7% Neofuscelta brattit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pomel taepravet: Essl. in -C. Fs Culb. & ESsl. = eryolo— gist 79: 42. 1976. 50 Neofuscelta brunella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta bruneltla Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 103% IDEN RAS Neofuscelta cafferensis (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta cafferensts Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: LOZ ce LOS Ts Neofuscelta caltgtnosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmel1ta caltginoea Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab.) 42: OD aL Ove 3 Neofuseelta conturbata (Miill. Arg.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Parmelta conturlata Mill. Arg., Flora 71: 9. 1888. Neofuscelta crustulosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta crustulosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42. 106. 1977. Neofuscelta deltset (Duby) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia oltvacea var. deltset Duby, Botan. Gall. 2: 002.,,- 1230. Neofuscelta dregeana (Hampe) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta dregeana Hampe in Nyl., Syn. Method. Lichen.: 398... 1858-60. Neofuscelta ephebotdes (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta epheboides Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 104: 353. 1941. Neofuscelta erythrocardta (Mtill. Arg.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxa var. ery throcardta Mill. ALG. ee Lora oe: ~ 290. L879. Neofuscelta fissurina (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta fissurtna Zahlbr., Ann. Mycol. 34: 172. 1936. Neofuscelta foveolata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta foveolata Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: ee sk. Neofuscelta glabrans (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pormeltasc_gurans Nyl.., Flora, 58:5 15 uals 155 Neofuscelta imttatrtx (Tayl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Poarmeliaeigrtatrix-Tayl:, bond. J., Bot. 63:,, Lew 1847. Neofuscelta tneantata (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia- tneantata Essl., J-sHattori Bote Lab wece Vi Site ode Neofuscelta tneompostta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelita tneompostta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. AZ ee AEG. Lod « Neofuscelta tnfrapallida (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: FParmelta tnfrapallida Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Labs G2 fae tO 35) LOT is St Neofuscelta kenyana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta kenjana Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 117. LOTT Neofuscelta lichtnotdea (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta lichtnotdea Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bote l4eae 9. 1876. Neofuscelta litneella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Poarmée lid atineella. Essl.ji1d« Hatton Bot. “Lab. 42: 118. LOG. Neofuscelta lorilola (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parnelta Lortloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 119. LOT. Neofuscelta loxodella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Porymetta loxodelLla Essl. in C.F. Culb. & Esslz; Bryol- Goaec. (9° 435° 1976. Neofuscelta loxodes (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Barme liaelonodes, Nybig. Flloral55= 4.426. .1872: Neofuscelia luteonotata (J. Stein.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- jonym: Parmelta lutéonotata J. Stein., Verh. K. K. ZOol.=Bot. Ges. WienGl2: §472., (1902. Neofuscelta martinit (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia martinit Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: G25 yl O77. Neofuscelta melancholteca (J. Stein. & Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia melancholica J. Stein. & ZantpoVaas neal be. , bot. Janrba Syst» 60: 9 5077. 1926; Neofuscelta melanobarbattca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Parmelia melanobarbatica Essl., J. Hattori Bot. a Disc se Ae OF FS Neofuscelta minuta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetia minuta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 125. Oeil. Neofuscelta nakuruensts (Essl.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta nakuruensts Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 2 ORCL O97 5/< Neofuscelta namaénsts (J. Stein. & Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta namaénsts J. Stein. & Zahlbr. feoan Lome bOb. JanrbD.sSVSt-e00t) 50S.) ELIZ6. Neofuscelta occidentalts (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta oectdentalis Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. BZ Ne 20 eG LOTT. Neofuscelta parviloba (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia parviloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: (129. LOTT * Neofuscelta peloloba (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia peloloba Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 129. VOT 7... Die Neofuscelta petritseda (Zahlbr.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta petriseda (Zahlbr., Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math.- Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 10425 5352.) 194i Neofuscelita ptctada (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pictada Essl. in C. Fi Culb. €teal;eeryolcs gist 80: 131. 1977. Neofuscelta plana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- metta plana Essl., J. Hattori Bots lab... 42:32 soe Neofuscelta pokornyt (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Imbeicarita pokorryt Korb. in Pokorny, Verh. K.-K. Zool.- BotaeGes.. Wien 10: 285. 1860: Neofuscelta proltxula (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta proltxula Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bot. ee OS NO I.6. Neofuscelta pulla (Ach.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: FPar- melta pulla Ach., Synop. Method. Lichen.: 206. 1814. Neofuscelta pullotdes (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pullotdes Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: deo Sere 97s Neofuscelta pustulosa (Essl.) Essl. comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelia pustulosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: HRSiS ae Pras 7 he Neofuscelta pyrenateca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta pyrenatca Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: ed Oi LOL 76 Neofuscelta ryssolea (Ach.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Dufourea ryssolea Ach., Lichenogr. Univers.: 525. LBLO. Neofuscelta scatrella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmetta scairella Essl. in CscF. Culbssetreale meu GOLOgisiba oO 3342 971977. Neofuscelta serpultna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta serpultna Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: Las eo ee Neofuscelta spestca (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Par- melta spestca Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 143. 197% Neofuscelta squamans (Stizenb.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta squamans Stizenb., Ber. Thatigk. St. Gall. Naturwiss. Ges. 1887-88: 164. 1889. Neofuscelta squamaritata (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta squamartata Nyl. ex Crombie, J. BOte Lacan ALOne ok 76. Neofuscelta stygtodes (Nyl. ex Crombie) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta stygtodes Nyl. ex Crombie, J. Bot. oe See Lod 5 Neofuscelia subhosseana (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subhosseana Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: A eS eae bel oe Wr ae Jo Neofuscelta subtmttatrtx (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta SULUNPLatYia Bessie, ds Hattor: Bot. Lab. 42: TAS L977. Neofuscelta sulancerta (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subtneerta Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: USOOsMN CLOT Ls Neofuscelta suWwerrucella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: rarmelia sumerrucetia Essl. in C. F. Culb.. et are eEVOLOGLSe SOs 3G. 8LO77e Neofuscelta tatimtrix (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta tatimirtx Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: TESya hy URS TF ar Neofuscelta tentacultna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Pormmeltosrentacilina ESssl., J. Hattor: Bot. Lab. 42: Laie 1977. Weofuscelta trachythalltna (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta trachythallina Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Bap wea.< wool. LOTT. Neofuscelta vertstdiosa (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta vertsitdtosa Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: jb cyeysy walle yi Neofuscelta verrucella (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta verrucella Essl. in C. F. Culb. et al., Bry- Clogi ota 2-a, P5472. ah 9%7.7 > Neofuscelta verrucultfera (Nyl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta verrucultfera Nyl., Flora 61: 247. ier ites Neofuscelta watporiensts (Hillm.) Essl., comb. nov. Basio- nym: Parmelta uatportensts Hillm., Repert. Spec. Nov. REGnimVegw45:) 617358 1938. subgenus ATROVIRIDIS (Essl.) Essl., stat. nov. Basionym: Parmelta subgenus Neofusca section Atroviridis Essl., JemHattori bot. Wab.u42:) 115 /.71O77. | Type tspecies: Neofuscelia atroviridis. (Essa) \Essl. Neofuscelia atroviridis (Essl.) Essl., comb. nov. Basionym: Parmelta atrovtrtdis Essl., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: eet ee Dsl. Neofuscelta chtricahuensts (R. Anderson & W. Web.) Essl., comb. Basionym: Parmelta chtrtcahuensts R. Anderson Sawewweb.i, ‘Bryologist 65-7) -234. 19627 LITERATURE CITED Esslinger, T. L. 1977. A chemosystematic revision of the brown Parmeliae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 42: 1-211. Hale, M. E., Jr. 1974a. New combinations in the lichen Hale, M. E wel o Tac. ~e) Lo 74a: genus Parmotrema Massalongo. Phytologia 28: 334-339. -, Jr. 1974b. Delimitation of the lichen genus Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale. Phytologia 28: 340-341. Bul bothrtx, Parmelina, Reltetna, and Xantho- parmelta, four new genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytol- ogia 28: 479-490. New combinations in the lichen genus Pseudo - parmelta Lynge. Phytologia 29: 188-191. . 1976. Synopsis of a new lichen genus, Everntas trum Hale. Mycotaxon 3: 345-353. MYCOTAXON On ihc NOs aes DDi., 09-07 April-June 1978 RMN Maage Caine et Eee yo lye) peewee A NEW MEXICAN SPECIES IN THE LICHEN GENUS EVERNIASTRUM HALE (PARMELIACEAE) ROBERT S. EGAN Department of Btology Texas A&M Untverstty, College Statton, TX 778438 Hale (1976) established the lichen genus Everntastrum to include species previously grouped in Parmelta subgenus Evernttformes (Hue) Hale & Wirth (Hale & Wirth, 1971). Hale's (1976) synopsis of Everntastrum included 21 species of which 12 are known from Mexico. This paper describes a new species, Hverntastrum mextcanum Egan, the thirteenth Mexican taxon. EVERNIASTRUM MEXICANUM Egan, sp. nov. Thallus (Fig. 1) ut in Everntastrum neoctrrhatum (Hale & Wirth) Hale sed differt acidum protocetraricum continente. Thallus subfruticose, to 15 cm broad, mineral gray above; lobes linear, 1-2 mm wide, elongate, channeled, with a pored epicortex (Fig. 3), lacking soredia and isidia; margins of lobes sparsely short ciliate (Fig. 4); lower surface smooth and very sparsely rhizinate, colored white to tan near the ends of the lobes, turning brown to black toward the center of the thallus; apothecia frequent, up to 8 mm in diameter, imperforate, subterminal; pycnidia common; white maculae inconspicuous or lacking; asci glo- bose; spores hyaline, non-septate, ellipsoid or kidney bean- shaped, 8 per ascus, 7-10 x 14-18 um. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow, medulla K-, C-, KC-, P+ orange-red, atranorin and protocetraric acid. Holotype: MEXICO. Jalisco: Municipio de Jalpa, Cumbre del Tejamanil, pine-oak forest, 2200 m, on trees, R. Gonzales, 25 October 1971 (US; isotypes at Texas A&M University-Biology Department Herbarium, and MIN). Since 56 Figure 1: Everntastrum mextcanum, portion of the holo- type (US). Scale in mm. Figure 2: FE. pachydermum, portion of B. Rambo 102 from Porto Alegre, Brazil (US)... Scale in mm. Figure 3: E. mexicanum, SEM photograph of upper surface showing pored epicortex (X 2000). Figure 4: EF. mexicanum, SEM photograph of a single lobe showing marginal cilia and rhizines (X 160). SY, material upon which this species is based was sent in ex- change from Dr. Gast6n Guzman in Mexico City, I assume that an additional isotype may also be located at ENCB. The material I received was abundant in the packet and chemically uniform. As in several other Everntastrum species, FE. mextcanum is morphologically indistinguishable from EF. neoetrrhatum (Hale & Wirth) Hale, the most widespread and abundant Everntastrum species in Mexico (Hale, 1976). Chemically it is identical to #. ltmaeforme (Tayl.) Hale (Hale, pers. comm.), HE. arsenet (Hale & Wirth) Hale, and Z. pachydermum (Hue) Hale, all producing the medullary depsidone proto- cetraric acid. However, HE. ltmaeforme is isidiate, £. arsenet is very densely rhizinate below, and FE. pachyder- mum is a more robust, coriaceous plant with broader lobes, longer and more abundant cilia and rhizines, a black lower surface, and distinct white maculae on the upper surface (Fig. 2). It grows on rocks and soil in southern Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay (Hale, 1976). EF. neocetrrhatum, although morphologically identical, produces norstictic, salazinic, and protolichesterinic acids. im@ehank Dr. Mason E. Hale, Jr. (US) for the loan. of material of #. pachydermum for comparison and for his critical comments on the manuscript. I thank Dr. Gastdén Guzman (ENCB) for sending the material of this new species. LITERATURE CITED Hale, M. E., Jr. 1976. Synopsis of a new lichen genus, Everntastrum Hale (Parmeliaceae). Mycotaxon 3: 345- Sioa le & M. Wirth. 1971. Notes on Parmelta subgenus Evernttformes with descriptions of six new species. Phytologia 22: 36-40. MYCOTAXON : Vole Vid Geel. pp. 58-60 April-June 1978 | PEZIZA UMBILICATA KARSTEN, AN OLDER BUT UNAVAILABLE NAME FOR PEZIZA OSTRACODERMA, APOTHECIAL PEAT MOULD HENRY DISSING Institut for Sporeplanter, Kébenhavns Universitet ~. Farimagsgade 2D, 1353 Kgébenhavn, Denmark AND RICHARD P. KORF Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 USA For many years the junior author avoided proposing a new species in the genus Pezgiza for what he considered to be an undescribed species with the peculiar anamorphic state now known as Chromelosportum fulvum (Link) McGinty, Hennebert § Korf tm Hennebert & Korf, or as C. ollare (Pers.) Hennebert. This is the common "peat mould" of greenhouses, mushroom beds and firesites known also under a variety of misapplied names (Hennebert §& Korf, 1975). When the apothecial (teleomorphic) state was described as a new species, Pitcarta fulva Schnei- der (1954), the junior author was unable to transfer that epithet to Peztza because of an earlier homonym, P. fulva Micheli ex Persoon (1822), and he thus proposed a new name for Schneider's discomycete, Pegiza ostracoderma Korf (1961). One additional name was later found (Hennebert §& Korf, 1975) for the apothecial state, Discina cinerophila Sturgis tm Ellis & Everhart, published in 1896, but without a de- scription and hence not validly published and unusable. The senior author has recently discovered that P. A. Kar- sten described this species from Scandinavia a century ago as Pegtza umbtltcata Karsten (1868), with a description on the label of his Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati #729. We have both con- pared Karsten's exsiccati with recent collections of Peziza ostracoderma, and there is no doubt that they are synonyms. Cooke (1877) failed to illustrate the reticulum (FIG. 1) on the ascospores, which were shown as warted; Schneider (1954) og FIG. 1. Photomicrographs of ascospores from Karsten, FR. Fenn. /Exs.)/29(K),°X20002 Photos by H.D. made the same error in interpretation of the spore ornamenta- e1on, corrected by Korf (1961). We have chosen the Kew Her- barium specimen of Karsten, Fungi Fenniae Exsiccati #729 as the LECTOTYPE for this name}: other portions of this collec- tion in other herbaria become ISOLECTOTYPES of P. umbilicata. Unfortunately, Karsten's name cannot be applied to the apothecial state of peat mould when it is treated in Peatza since it is a later homonym of the much earlier P. wmnbtlica- ta Persoon (1822). [A still later homonym, P. wnbiltcata Berk. & Curt. tm Berkeley (1875), does not affect Karsten's name.| Karsten's name is surely worthy of note in that it provides the earliest available epithet which can and should be used if the apothecial state of peat mould is treated in another genus (though in the process it will lose direct ref- erence to Karsten). As a later homonym, Karsten's name is illegitimate [Art. 64, International Code of Botanical Nomen- elatures(staticu, 1972)].) But when Saccardo’ (1889) cata= logued Karsten's species as "Disctna umbtiteata Karst.," the epithet took on new life since there was no earlier homonym Oe. situanethat genus; the correct author citation for it is Peianbe li cata Saccw, not Ds unbiiteata. (Karst «) Vie i957 ,~C: J. Alexopoulos, Pa- 30 nv = Lexas, Vil 1964," Co Dy Therrien 891 - Jamaica; 21 1 1966,-CG. J. Alexopoulos, Jam-62 b2l es Guade1 coupe, 24 kil 1905, C.J es Alexopoul'os UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC LO9L eyes 1426 1429 1610 1851 Dominica, 10 I 1966, M. L. Farr, 2121 Varginias 4 Vi11 967 (Cee. Alexopoulos GostaeRicas, Wl--V1.1 965.40. Aw Saenz, “UCGRS31 Costa Rica, 24°1X 1964-9) A. -Saenz,— UCR=203 inal and.. 19 Vili 96728). Key nolds. 1202 Plorida, to Vide LI6l. De Greager., 586 Hemitrtchta elavata (Pers.) Rost. Zoo) — lowa, 20° 1X 19585 CG. J. "Alexopoulos, ia-60 DAS wArkansas, 1 fl 19655" 1. ES Brooks, 2/355 658 -- Washington, XII 1912, T. H. Macbride WIGle— bexas, 50) [TT 19695" WH. Henney ,. Jr: (Die -=Michiganie dl) Xx 1956.0." votter, 11627 (oe "Michigan, 25") xe 1056" Ve "Potter, 11580 UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC MICH MICH Hemttrtchta serpula (Scop.) Rost. 7 = Mexrco, B. Lowy, M85 Zioy—=-INcCerAmeri can twv.) Km 250, 15° bX L964) Certarro ll 1281 - Tennessee, 21 IIT 1967;.R: H: Petersen UTMC UTMC G. UTMC UTMC UTMC UTMC 1418 1419 1420 UCR1 08 UTMC 1998 Costa Rica 0uVe1 9635J- As rsaenz » .UCRZ0 Costa Rica, 2orvil 1963 5 Wi. Ac) Saenz. UGREO2 Gostay Ritcay S0eVill 1 Oost fe? Saenz. Costa -Rica,7722/ i. fal 96647, Ere Morniseeg5Z 64 Metatrtchta vespartum (Batsch.) Nann.-Brem. MB (1) - Virginia (?), Goldman MEAG me -uVviroi na (2)/,. Ee We Oo Ge MBaGs)m— Virginia (?).,. 2949, Ro eEy Carrigan MLGH (6) = Michigan, 27. 1X 1956.0) Spotters sou, MIiCHE(/) a= Michigan, 12 VI11 (195658 potter a eLuGe MICH (3) = Michigan, 8 IX 1931), ES Bo Matwen sla MICH (9) - Massachusetts, 1902, Bs. M) Davis MICH (10) - New Hampshire, 1910, W. G. Farlow MECH (11), — California,..29° Xl 1942 SP. andohlakes MICH (12) - Michigan, X 1890, V. M. Spaulding MICH. (13) =, UBG.FWwoe Refs: 9, 56 Plectania milleri Paden & Tylutki Distr 1 DesOR Herb: LDeOSG ewor Refs: 48 Plectania nannfeldtii Korf Dict ALBEE BaCr. COLL ED. OR. WA Herb: OSG eCRMD) 4SESe IWSP Refs: BOR 42 Pseudoplectania melaena (Fr.) Boud. DEStyr : LDS COR. OWA Herb: as NY, OSC, UBC, WSP Refs: 56 Pseudoplectania nigrella (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel Dictt. mes Ca iCA COM LD. OR .Ul WA, WY Herb: GUP. OSC, SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: 95.26 Sarcosoma latahensis Paden & Tylutki Dretr. HID, .OR* WA Herb: OSC; WSP Refs: 48 Sarcosoma mexicana (Ellis & Holway) Paden & Tylutki Distr a BoCewe LD OR WA Herb: OSGIUBC] WSS WT Refs: 48 Urnula hiemalis Nannf. Destr-ee-AK= ALB : Herb: (RMD), (W-K) Refs: Fait Family SARCOSCYPHACEAE Desmazierella acicola Lib. Des Er WOR: Herb: OSC Refs: 9 7.0 Microstoma peek (Fr.) Kanouse Distr: ALB Herb: GUP, ro OSC, -CRMD) Refs: sy Pithya cupressina (Fr.) Fuckel Descee-mbeGe yCGA. ID, OR, WA Herb: NY OSC. SSES, UBC FeWSE aval Refs: 56 Pithya vulgaris Fuckel DESteeebD wGt4 GA. flD., OR.) WA Herb: Nyae0SC 25855 CUBC? WSP Refs: 56 Pseudopithyella minuscula (Boud. & Torrend) Seaver Distr CA OR Herb: NY" OSG Refs: 56 Sarcoscypha coccinea (Jacq. ex Gray) Lambotte Distr BICemCAs OR, WA Herb: BP ieweCUP aNY., OSCY-SESe UBEG Refs: 56 Suborder PEZIZINAE Family ASCOBOLACEAE Ascobolus Distr Herb: Refs: *Ascobolus Distr: Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Distr: Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Distr: Herb: Refs: *Ascobolus Orstre Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Distr: Herb: Refs: Ascobolus Dist Herb: Refs: albidus,) Crouan AK, WA, WY OSG: TRIG »"WSP 3 boudieri Quél. WA WTU 3 brassicae Crouan CA FH 3 carbonarius Karst. ALEereb? Go; CAV OR NY@nOSG 4 o8S, UBC. eWIU 3 crenulatus Karst. ID WSP 3 denudatus Fr. CA BPI doliiformis Kobayasi AK BPI 26 Ascobolus foliicola Berk. & Br. Dieser 9 Cae CO: OR Herb: BEEP ONY oe OoG Refs: 3 Ascobolus furfuraceus Pers. ex Pers. Histor epee Ge wsGAy+CO -LD< OR. WA Herb: CUPS INYs* OSC: 2 WSe Refs: 3 Ascobolus geophilus Seaver Distey *COt. LD SOR Herb: BPT weNY Refs: 3 Ascobolus immersus Pers. ex Pers. DistT TAL weosG: *GO Herb: NYS" UBC Refs: 3 Ascobolus lignatilis Alb. & Schw. ex Pers. Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 3 Ascobolus michaudii Boud. Destr 94 b TGC. Herb: CUP, DOAM, UVIC Refs: 3 Ascobolus nodulosporus van Brumm. Distr CA Herb: FH Refs: 3 Ascobolus sacciferus van Brumm. Destress bee CA-. WA. Herb: CUPS uC UV EC Refs: 3 Ascobolus scatigenus (Berk.) van Brumnm. Distr: \ CA Herb: S Refs: 3 Ascobolus viridis Currey Distr: OR Herb: OSC Refs: 3 Ascobolus xylophilus Seaver Distr GAYS LD) aWY Herb: So. Wor Refs: 56 76 Morchella elata Fr. Distr tol Oe,. CA. LD, OR WA Wy Herb: CUPRO NY) OSC, SPS WSheawou Refs: oe DO Morchella esculenta Pers. ex St.-Amans Dustr ) ALB 4 CA+ CO. 1D seMie CORee Ute we Herb: GUP, NY, OSC, (CRMD); -SFS¢-UBG) Worse WLU Refs: Dit 0 Morchella semilibera DC. ex Fr. Disor sul ORs “WA Herb: NYs OSC Wor Refs: 956 Ptychoverpa bohemica (Krombholz) Boud. DSi eAKt ALD By Gs, ‘GA -DD One Wwe Herb: CUPCANY, OSC, -CRMD). »SES#2UBCes Wor Refs: OF 62 Verpa conica Swartz ex Pers. DisSEraspPAL Berio .Ge, GA, CO; SD. JOR WA Herb: NY, OSC, (RMD), SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: Gee 56 Family HELVELLACEAE Discina apiculata McKnight DictremmcA ID, UT, WY Herb: Bree o Rae) tet Gr Refs: 38 Discina larryi McKnight DEST ie 21 Herb: BP Refs: 41 Discina leucoxantha Bres. Das tr wae ORee UT Herb: BR -OSG. Wor Refs: 38 Discina macrospora Bub&ak Dist cee AGH ejOR Herb: CUPS EH Refs: 38 Discina melaleuca Bres. Distr 7 COmnD,. OR, WA Herb: OSG WSP Refs: 56 Discina olympiana Kanouse Distr: WA, WY Herb: BET) MICH Refs: 38 Discina perlata (CFr.) Fr. Distr: AK: “ALB. , B.C.,° GA, GOvs ID ME, OR wl eee Herb: BPI. .BRY>. CUP, FH, MICH, NY, OSC; ;GRMD)2eaWoee WTU Refs: 38 Gyromitra ambigua (Karst.) Harmaja Distr WA ALB Herb: (RMD) Refs: 20 Gyromitra californica (Phillips) Raitviir Doser bic erCA CO). * 0D, NVe* ORV WA: Herb: CURA NY, "OSCe> SFS37 UBCRAWSoE. WLU Refs: 56 Gyromitra caroliniana (Bosc ex Fr.) Fr. ips bie beCio GA a CO OR. (WA Herb: NYsw OSG) UBC. WU Refs: i 40 Gyromitra esculenta Fr. Derren bw be Gar GA GO. epee ORT WAMEWY. Herb: CUPS 1056G™ CRMD) = SES UBC) WSE- WLU Refs: 9 Gyromitra fastigiata (Krombholz) Rehm Distr: ALB Herb: (RMD) Refs: oy) Gyromitra gigas (Krombholz) Quél. Dict eee CA weCO DOR UL, WA Herb: OS CeeoroTeWol Refs: 56 Syeonttrasintulay (Schaeffer ex Fr.) Quél. Dist Co erAK AUDA AL. D.0 4 CACO. De OR. UL." WA Herb: CUPS NY. OSG (RMD) 3 Shoe UDG. Woe Refs: 9 Helvella acetabulum (L. ex St.-Amans) Quél. Dare cr pee bar Ay. 22 BG). eGA GO. LD OR UL, WA Herb: CUPoESNY etO5G eCRMD) = —o Refs: TOF Ow Helvella albella Quél. Distr. AK se CO Herb: MICH, (W-K) Refs: On. Od Helvella albipes Fuckel Distr) ei.) Herb: NY Refs: 56 Helvella atra Holmskjold Distr: AK, MT, NM, WA Herb: NY, WTU, (W-K) Refs: 10, *Helvella brevissima Peck Dretree UCA Herb: CUP NY Refs: 56 Helvella connivens Dissing & Lange Distr. OR WA Herb: OSC Refs: 10 Helvella corium (Weberbauer) Massee Distr AK ALBA AZ.) B20 COs ID,0R.0 WA Herb: NY ROSG SC CRMD)'4 (OLS ah UDCm Wor a Woe Refs: Oe LO 6.) |*Helvella costifera Nannf. : Distr: AK,2’CA Herb: SFS, (W-K) Refs: LOe Lg | SED WOr, WLU UVC (W-K) Tae 78 Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella DIStr: Herb: Refs: Helvella DLSCY : Herb: Refs: Helvella DESET : Herb: Refs: Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella Nrece: Herb: Refs: Helvella Distxy: Herb: Refs: Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella Dis Cr Herb: Refs: Helvella ae a Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella DUS tr: Herb: Refs: Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Helvella Distr: Herb: Refs: Grispa SCOp.) ex-Pr: AK. ALB .,. AZ, B.C.» CA,¢CO, 1D, (Nite ORS ao pee CUP; K, NY, OSC, SFS, UBC, WIU, WSP, (Wk) Ort 5 Oe cupuliformis Dissing & Nannf. AK, NM OSC, (W-K) TO} an elastica Bull. ex St.-Amans AK; ALB., B.C., CA, CO, ID, NM, ORV Ul Waren CUP, NY, OSC,. (RMD), SES): UBC, WSP (= WIU Ce Oe eek 9 OL ephippium Lév. ALB. 68 AZ, CA BPE= OSC, CRMD) 10.61 fusca Gill. sensu Bres. AK, OR OSC, (W-K) Oy GRY, lacunosa Afz. ex Fr. Akew AZ. B.C., CA, CO... LDj NM{e OR; aes BPL, CUP,-K,.NY, OSC, SFS;.WSP, WEUs (Wen) ee Oo, 01 On leucomelaena (Pers.) Nannf. in Lundell & Nannf. AKG ABE! CA, CO> LD. ORs Uleewe NY, OSC, (RMD), SFS, WSP, WTU, (W-K) Oe Oe FO 1. leucopus Pers. CApw Pte OR. CUP aa. eNy. OSG. WSOP 10 macropus (Pers. ex Fr.) Karst. AWN» B.Ge, CO} oLD. SOR BPI, NY, UBC, WSP, WTU, (W-K) ee LO 6 1: maculata Weber ALB. (RMD) 61 pegizoides Afz. ex) Fr. Gay CO. NM. OR OSC POE 26 1 philonotis Dissing OR OSC 10 quelétii Bres.. Ak: ALB, \BaCin> CAy CO, gL) 7 ORCI Wares CUP) OSG, (RMD), (S, WSE LCW-K) HG. Oe 2O.L solitaria (Karst.) Karst. AK SUT OSC, (W-K) LOR aL Helvella stevensii Peck Distr: JOR Herb: OSC Refs: LOO’ Helvella villosa (Hedwig ex Kuntze) Dissing Dale cr PAK WALB oe GA 2” 1D. OR Herb: OSC, (RMD), (W-K) Refs: EO So 6k Rhizina undulata Fr. Das er -b eG CA, TTD, MT OR. WA Herb: CUR SCNYS "OSG. SKS) UBC. WSP Wil Refs: OF 6 Wynnella silvicola (Beck ex Sacc.) Nannf. =Q. auricula (Schaeffer ex Cooke) Rehm Drstyeeenak, ALB., B.C., CO, ID? WA Herb: NYP OSC. (RMD) SES. UVIC, WSP Refs: iG ae Family PYRONEMATACEAE Aleuria aphanodictyon Kobayasi Distr: ~ AK Herb: BPI Refs: 2 Aleuria aurantia (Pers. ex Hook.) Fuckel Deect os AZ Be GC. PCA ALD, VOR GWA Herb: CUP NY 2 /OSC V8 SES AW WSP, WIU Refs: 9, 56 Aleuria rhenana Fuckel Distr: CA, WA Herb: NyYewO0sc, SES Refs: 56 Anthracobia macrocystis (Cooke) Boud. Pacer) Bo Cw CGAY TD. OR Herb: OSG. WSP. Refs: OSE 355555 Anthracobia melaloma (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Boud. Dpasereoe BIGlee CAS -CO. TD: OR WA Herb: Bele NYs OSG, eWoPe Wl Refs: OPO ee Oo Anthracobia muelleri (Berk.) Rifai DEstr= + UT Herb: GUP, .0OSC Refs: SOMO Anthracobia nitida Boud. Peetr- VALB AWA Herb: OSCe.CRMD) =e UPS Refs: 35 Byssonectria aggregata (Berk. & Br.) Rogerson & Korf Distr: ALB Herb: OSC, (RMD) Refs: eat *Byssonectria tetraspora (Fuckel) Korf Distr: AK Herb: BPI Refs: 2160 80 Caloscypha fulgens (Pers.) Boud. Distr. ALE: B:C., CA, CO, ID.) MPSsOR UEmwaeue Herb: CUP; NY; OSC, CRMD)){SFS.) UBC a WSU Refs: 56 Cheilymenia coprinaria (Cooke) Boud. Drees baG 3CA>. CO, ID, OR-AUL awe Herb: Nise OSG, ofS, UBC, WSFaawLU Refs: Sree. 0 Cheilymenia crucipila (Cooke & Phillips) LeGal Distr-s 1D7 WA Herb: NY, WSP Refs: Coad *Cheilymenia pulcherrima (Crouan) Boud. Distr: AZ, CA, WA Herb: Bel aN ia Woen Wel Refs: 56 *Cheilymenia raripila (Phillips) Seaver Distr: CA Herb: GUES INY Refs: 56 Cheilymenia stercorea (Pers. ex Fr.) Boud. Dictrerw epee, £CAY &CO, 1D ORV INV EWA Herb: Bere CUR NY, “OSC, CUBG; BWoP anu Refs: So Cheilymenia theloboloides (Fr.) Boud. Distr ee vAGE a hiGAG \CO.4 4 Di ORL WAC Wy, Herb: BEL; NY; OSC; .CRMD) WSP Refs: Shee... 50 Coprobia granulata (Fr.) Boud. Distr wi GAy st Ds OR | WA Herb: Ooa SFS, WSP, WTU Refs: Coprotus aurora (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Dretrre. PAB. Wy Cain Herb: TRTC Refs: 26 Coprotus breviascus (Velen.) Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain DiUSthe WL Herb: TRIE Refs: 26 Coprotus dextrinoideus Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Distr.” ew, Herb: LRG Refs: 26 Coprotus glaucellus (Rehm) Kimbr. Drecvaerh.G.., CO Herb: O56. TRTG Refs: 26 Coprotus granuliformis (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Distr oe eCOsNOR WY. Herb: NYo#0SG,4-cRIC Refs: 2672256 Coprotus leucopocillum Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Distr? (CAS. WY Herb: OSG. JIRTG Refs: 26 Coprotus luteus Kimbr., Luck-Allen & Cain Deter: Mil. WY. Herb: DREG Refs: 26 Coprotus ochraceus (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Dace “CA TDs OR Herb: MICH, NY, WSP Refs: 26 Coprotus sexdecimsporus (Crouan & H. Crouan) Kimbr. Distr’ CA.CO. WY Herb: NYSe TRIG Refs: TEIN ONS) Coprotus winteri (March.) Kimbr. Drestrs CO Herb: NY Refs: 26 Fimaria cervina (Phillips) van Brumm. Duster “OR Herb: OSC Refs: Z *Fimaria hepatica (Batsch ex Fr.) van Brumm. Miser i CORVOR Herb: Bea aN Refs: V4 ee *Fimaria porcina Svréek & Kubitka Diese re tAK Herb: BPI Refs: 27 *Geopora clausa (Tul. & Tul.) Burdsall Distr ALS. Herb: (RMD) Refs: 4 Geopora cooperi Harkn. Desert Ake OAD GAy CO). 1D OR. TU a WA Herb: OSG. -CRMD) “Vv Pa Refs: 4 Geopyxis carbonaria (Alb. & Schw. ex Pers.) Sacc. Ditccis- SAL be DeC nw OA. COMrLD ss ME OR, oui en WA Herb: CUP sOSG. CRMD)), WSPsew LU Refs: Oe SDR ANDI Geopyxis majalis (Fr.) Sacc. Distr: (CAs "OR Herb: Bea OSG WSE Refs: DS. Geopyxis vulcanalis (Peck) Sacc. Prstry WAbbe b.Go. GA, GO. ID. (OR) Ula WAga WY Herb: BRL CUP NY, OSG 7 uCRMD) | ASES, eUBGre Woks aWlU Refs: 56 Humaria hemisphaerica (Wigg. ex Fr.) Fuckel Paecr ss "AK ALB: 2 BS Cs CAga LD WA Herb: OSC. #CRMD B= SHSe UBClS WSs WEL. Refs: 9 Lamprospora crec'hqueraultii (Crouan) Boud. Dect r GO elD. OR Herb: NYe OSG. WSP Refs: eT eis) 81 82 *Lamprospora crouani (Cooke) Seaver Distr: CO, WA Herb: NY, WTU Refs: 7h aa: *Lamprospora polytrichina (Rehm) Seaver Diser. 2 COS WA Herb: NY, WTU Refs: 56 *Lamprospora spinulosa Seaver Drei. #2 D. (OR Herb: NY, WSP Refs: 56 Lasiopelus, ciliatues(Fr.) Boud: Distr AK GA. GO. ID; OR; UT. WA Herb: CUPP ANY. OSG, SPS, WSEAawlU Refs: 9 227 Lasiobolus macrotrichus Rea Dieser. ~ ‘OR Herb: OSC Refs: 9 *Lasiobolus ruber (Quel.) Sacc. Dastr-. (COs "OR Herb: NY; .OSC Refs: 956 Leucoscypha hetieri (Boud., ) "Ritad Bsc, Drerre Herb: OSC Refs: 55 Leucoscypha rutilans (Fr.) Dennis & Rifai Dasitrn (CAG. CO} WA Herb: CUP INy, OSG, SES Refs: Cee ee0 Melastiza chateri (W. G. Smith) Boud. DESE 8 wal wero.” GOs LD + OR ywA Herb: NYve OSC, CRMD) , WSP., WIU Refs: Oe 56 Melastiza rubra (Batra) Maas G. Distr.” GAZ Herb: OSC Refs: ee 7, Miladina lechithina (Cooke) Svréek Diste = LDEFOR® UT Herb: OSC Refs: 53 Mycoarctium ciliatum Jain & Cain Desire reGk 1CO Herb: TRG Refs: 33 Octospora leucoloma Gray Ditsires Ae CR CO TD AcOR Herb: Ber aNyY, OSG? UBC. WSP Refs: Oe 7.4655 *Octospora rubens (Boud.) Moser Distr: (CG WA Herb: Bea NYS WSsP Refs: 44 *Otidea abietina (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuckel bastrs AK, CO, OR, WA Herb: BPLESNY>. OSG, WIU,ECI-®) Refs: VOuG oN nine, Otidea alutacea (Pers.) Massee Distre WALBY. SCA. eEDy WA Herb: MECH OSC. (RMDDE (SES. WSOP Refs: oe 16 *Otidea bufonia (Pers.) Boud. Distr: CA, WA Herb: WTU Refs: 9 Otidea concinna (Pers.) Sacc. Dastre? CAs SLD. WA Herb: BEE MICH 20SCo SES wWwSe. WI Refs: oe Lo *Otidea grandis (Pers.) Rehm Distr: §2LDS WA Herb: Bris SME CH ANY. Wor Refs: Boze 6 Otidea\ leporina (Batsch) S. F. Gray pascce (ALB erAZimivp:. Co CA W.COU LD LOR WA). WY Herb: CUP, MICH, NY, OSC, SFS, UBC, WSP, WTU Refs: 16 ee 5 Otidea onotica (Pers.) Fuckel DiSscre “CA S.CO, LD, VOR, «WA Herb: CUP MICH OSC. Foto, “WSY aw LY Refs: 926 Otidea smithii Kanouse DiSctn © BVOC. weCA.| LD uWA Herb: MICH, OSC, WSP Refs: 16 Pseudocollema cartilagineum Kanouse & Smith Distr) ALB. CO. ME awa: Herb: MICH 2s0SC} (RMD) WSR Refs: 18 *Psilopezia nummularia Berk. pastry. 1D... WA Herb: BEL, WsP Refs: Fae ee Ol 6 Pulparia persoonia (Crouan) Korf, Pfister & Rogers Distr: AK Refs: oF 30 Euiparia plachonis (Dun...) Kort) «Pfister & Rogers Distr= WA Herb: WSP Refs: SAGO ote ke bole: Pulvinula archeri (Berk. in Hook.) Rifai Bastin: IBS Ge ED. FOR? WA, Herb: BEA NY OSC 2 Woe. Refs: Sy Aaa eis: Pulvinula carbonaria (Fuckel) Boud. paste ACA EMT OR Herb: Bewa NY. 0OSG Refs: DO DD 83 84 Pulvinula convexula (Karst.) Pfister =P. constellatio (Berk. & Br.) Rehm Drecr om ae COM MT: OR. CA Herb: Dieta GUE NY), OSCe= WSe Refs: SP hav anes ha, Pulvinula globifera (Berk. & Curt.) LeGal Drstre) TAZ Herb: OSG Refs: Sy Pulvinula laeterubra (Rehm) Pfister DUS Gee Alibi Pb. C. Herb: OSC Refs: az Pyronema omphalodes (Bull. ex St.-Amans) Fuckel DiuStr SAL BE ab. Ge CA.) DD. UL awe Herb: OSC] CRMD) . UBC. WSP.> WIU Refs: eens 36 Scutellinia erinaceus (Schw.) Kuntze DPE CEST SLO RUT Herb: OSC, WSP Refs: 6 Scutellinia scutellata (L. ex Fr.) Lambotte DiS er UerAKer AGS joao Gs, CAY CO, SED DEN WORM WE Herb: CUPRENY; -OSC, CRMD), «SES. USCARWoUmwele Refs: Oh 94 555. 656 *Scutellinia setosa (Nees) Seaver DiS trémabyce.. CO WA Herb: GUPSUINY. (UBC, “WSP Refs: 56 *Scutellinia trechispora (Berk. & Br.) Lambotte DEUSET EN BAKE EGO Herb: BEL oN Refs: GrenZ 72786 Scutellinia umbrarum (Fr.) Lambotte DIStre peak A748 B.C. CArerCO AREDCENMagWA, Herb: NY. OSG. UBC, WSP. WIrU Refs: 6, 56 Scutellinia verrucipolaris Denison Distr: WA Herb: WSP Refs: 6 Sepultaria arenicola (Lév.) Massee Distro. Go Herb: WSP Refs: OF D6 Sepultaria arenosa (Fuckel) Boud. DIStE = 7 7COs4OR Herb: Ny OSG Refs: Oe 56 *Sepultaria longii Seaver Distr: WA Herb: WIU Refs: 56 *Sepultaria pellita (Cooke & Peck) Seaver Destr:, 7) AK Herb: (W-K) Refs: Bley, ee *Sepultaria semiimmersa (Karst.) Massee Distr: CA, OR, WA Herb: BELEN 2O5C. Woe Refs: 56 *Sepultaria sepulta (Fr.) Boud. Dore tree GAT ECO Herb: CUP Refs: Tes) *Tarzetta bronca (Peck) Korf & Rogers Dis tees (CO Herb: NY Refs: 56 Tarzetta catinus (Pers.) Korf & Rogers Dalstyr Herb: Refs: = CA, «CO, OR, WA OSC, SFS, WTU va esne marzetta cupularis (Ll, ex Fr.) Lambotte Darcie aR Gan CAME CO: MLD OR. WA Herb: BEI CURA NY. OSC = oro. UDGe Wor ew Lu Refs: ee Be) *Thelebolus crustaceus (Fuckel) Kimbr. Distr.» AK Herb: BEL Refs: taal *Thelebolus microsporus (Berk. & Br.) Kimbr. Dicstriem “Ais CO Herb: Brie aN Refs: pag) *Thelebolus stercorius (Pers.) Fr. Das we B.C we CA WY Herb: CUP Refs: 22 Tricharina gilva (Boud. in Cooke) Eckblad Distr IED; OR Herb: OSC, WTU Refs: Hit wie Trichobolus octosporus Krug Distr: © eWy Herb: BEE ReLR LG Refs: as Trichobolus zukalii (Hermerl) Kimbr. & Korf DRS tne Ba Herb: CUP Refs: MARR IRE Trichophaea abundans (Karst.) Boud. Distr: Herb: Refs: Dei Herb: Refs: CA CO) 1D OR BE CUR 0S Ce. SES sey = uophaca: poudtert Grelet SP Abe: 85 86 Trichophaea brunnea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Batra & Batra Distre ALB: Herb: OSC Refs: is Nis er pelo, *Trichophaea bullata Kanouse Disizme COLOR. MWA: WY. Herb: BPI, NY, OSC, WTU Refs: Ly. *Trichophaea gregaria (Rehm) Boud. DistreeerCcO, OR} WY Herb: BEL, MICH Refs: 1g Trichophaea hemisphaerioides (Mont.) Graddon DiGED aOR Herb: OSG Refs: 9 Trichophaea woolhopiea (Cooke & Phillips) Boud. Dis is CO Herb: OSC Refs: 9 QUESTIONABLE RECORDS Family SARCOSOMATACEAE Plectania rimosa Peck Sarcosoma globosa Caspary Urnula craterium (Schw.) Fr. Family ASCOBOLACEAE Boudiera marginata Phillips & Harkn. Saccobolus seeeurde (Cooke) Phillips Family PEZIZACEAE Peziza atrovinosa Cooke Peziza chlorophysa Sacc. Peziza convoluta Peck Peziza rubricosa Fr. Peziza secreta Phillips Family MORCHELLACEAE Morchella smithii Cooke Family HELVELLACEAE Gyromitra brunnea L. ex Underwood Helvella oregonensis Ellis & Everh. ee Family PYRONEMATACEAE Cubonia bulbifera Hotson Humaria macrospora (Wallr.) Fuckel Humaria saccardoi Cavara Humaria turbinata Snyder Humarina axillaris (Nees) Seaver Humarina coccinea (Crouan) Seaver QUESTIONABLE RECORDS: PYRONEMATACEAE (Cont'd.) Humarina orthotricha (Cooke & Ellis) Seaver Humarina purpurea Seaver Bes vopoOluSs#pLlLOsus (rr. ) soacc, Neotiopezis sclerothrix Clem. Patella irregularis (Clem.) Seaver Patella piliseta (Clem.) Seaver Patella sequoiae (Phillips) Seaver arobius pachyascus Zukal Ryp ECL p vy Scute inia chaetoloma Clem. ADDITIONAL SPECIES WITH UNSATISFACTORY NAMES Pachyellasaftfinities Peziza'' melaleucoides Seaver DIStr : Be Gay De HOR. WA Herb: OSC. UVIC. WSP Refs: 56 "Paxina" recurva Snyder DUSTER 5 bee. pe Me WA Herb: CUPPP ING =) OSCo'ShOu UVIG, Wor, WLU Refs: DOM a9 Helvella-affinities "Paxina"’ compressa Snyder DEStr. CA, OR, WA Herb: NY? OsGe SES, W1iU Refs: tole Mee, Leucoscypha-affinities "Pateila" maculosa (Phillips) Seaver DrsStri: CA Herb: CUP Refs: 54 56 "Humarina' ochroleuca (Clem.) Seaver Distr’ COZ=0R Herb: NY OSC Refs: 56 Tarzetta-affinities Pustularia" rosea Rea Distr: Bac Herb: OSC Refs: 9 Trichophaea-affinities "Patella" contradicta Seaver DLStre Bece Herb: OSC Refs: 57 "Sphaerospora"’ hinnulea (Berk. & Br.) Massee Drstr: CA, OR, WA Herb: BPT, WSP Refs: oe 55, 56 88 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our appreciation to the curators and staff of the following herbaria for assistance during the compilation of this checklist: BPI, CUP, SFS, UBC, WSP, and WIU. Comments and a loan of annotated specimens by Dr. R. M. Danielson were particularly helpful in gathering data on Alberta, Canada collection records. Dr. Amy Y. Rossman kindly obtained the information for the UBC collections during visits there. Critical review of the final draft was graciously provided by Drs. J. W. Paden, D. H. Pfister, J. D. Rogers, and E. E. Tylutki. This work was supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant (GB-6589) to one of us (WCD). LITERATURE CITED 1. BATRA, L. R. 1960. A preliminary study of the Indian discomycete flora. Pub. by the author, Swarthmore, PA. 47 p. mimeo. 2. BRUMMELEN, J. VAN. 1962. Studies on Discomycetes - II. On four species of Fimaria. Persoonia 2: 321-330. 3. . 1967. A world-monograph of the genera Ascobolus and Saccobolus. Persoonia. Suppl. I: 1-260. 4, BURDSALL, H. H., Jr. 1968. A revision of the genus Hydnocystis (Tuberales) and of the hypogeous species of Geopora (Pezizales). Mycologia 60: 496-525. 5. CASH, E. K. 1954. 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North American species of Thecotheus (Pezizales, Pezizaceae). Mycologia 61: 99-114. » and R. P. KORF. 1967. A synopsis of the genera and species of the tribe Theleboleae (Pseudoascoboleae). Amer. J. Bot. 54: 9-23. » E. R. LUCK-ALLEN, and R. F. CAIN. 1969. Iodophanus, the Pezizeae segregate of Ascophanus (Pezizales). Amer. J. Bot. 56291187-1202. h >» and - 1972. North American species of Coprotus (Thelebolaceae, Pezizales). Canad. J. Bot. 50: 957- ia KOBAYASI, Y. et al. 1967. Mycological studies of the Alaskan arctic. Ann. Rep. Inst. Ferment., Osaka no. 3. 138 p. KORF, R. P. 1957. Two bulgarioid genera: Galiella and Plectania. Mycologia 49: 107-111. 1961. Nomenclatural notes. IV. The generic name Plicaria. Mycologia 52: 648-651. (1969) 1971. Some new Discomycete names. Phytologia 21: 201- 207. - 1972. Synoptic key to the genera of the Pezizales. Mycologia 64: 937-994. KRUG, J. C. 1973. An enlarged concept of Trichobolus (Thelebol- aceae, Pezizales) based on a new eight-spored species. Canad. Je bOta Olt23497=L501" JAIN, K. and R. F. CAIN. 1973. Mycoarctium, a new coprophilous genus in the Thelebolaceae. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 305-307. LANJOUW, J., and F. A. STAFLEU. 1964. The herbaria of the world. Regnum Veg. 31: 1-251. LARSEN, H. J., Jr. 1975. The genus Anthracobia Boudier (Pezizales, Ascomycetes). Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. 83° p: LeGAL, M. 1941. Les Aleuria et les Galactinia. Rev. Mycol. (Paris), Suppl. 6: 56-82. 1953. Les Discomycétes de Madagascar. Prod. Fl. Mycol. Madagascar 4: 1-465. McKNIGHT, K. H. 1969. A note on Discina. Mycologia 61: 614-630. . 1971. On two species of false Morels (Gyromitra) in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 31: 35-47. 1973. Two misunderstood species of Gyromitra (False Morel) in North America. Mich. Botanist 12: 147-162. » and L. R. BATRA. 1974. Scanning electron microscopy in taxonomy of gyromitroid fungi. Mich.Botanist 13: 51-64. MILLER, O. K., Jr. 1967. Notes on western fungi. I. Mycologia 59: 504-512. MOORE, E. J., and R. P. KORF. 1963. The genus Pyronema. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 90: 33-42. MOSER, M. 1963. Ascomyceten. In H. Gams. Kleine Kryptogamen- flora 2a: 1-147. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. 90 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. DL. a2. DS. 54. Bey 56. 57. 38. 29. 60. GL. 62. NANNFELDT, J. A. 1966. On Otidea caligata, O. indivisa and 0. platyspora (Discomycetes Operculatae). Ann. Bot. Fenn. 3: 309-318. PADEN, J. W. 1972. A new combination in Neournula. Mycologia 64: 457. » and E. E. TYLUTKI. 1969a. Idaho Discomycetes. I. A new genus of the Sarcoscyphaceae. Mycologia 60: 1160-1168. » and . 1969b. Idaho Discomycetes. II. Mycologia 61: 683-693. PFISTER, D. H. 1971. A monograph of the Psilopezioid fungi. PheD. Thesis. Cornell Univ.,° Ithaca’ 7oep- 1973a. The psilopezioid fungi. III. The genus Psilopezia (Pezizales). Amer. J. Bot. 60: 355-365. 1973b. The psilopezioid fungi. IV. The genus Pachyella (Pezizales). Canad. J. Bot. 51: 2009-2023. 1976. A synopsis of the genus Pulvinula. Occasional Papers of the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard Univ. 9: 1-19. . and R, -P. KORF..1974.. “The. psilopezioid fungi ay Miladina lechithina. Canad. J. Bot. 52: 1643-1645. PHILLIPS, W. 1878. Fungi of California. Grevillea’7:, 20-227 RIFAI, M. A. 1968. The Australasian Pezizales in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect., 57(3): 1-295. SEAVER, F. J. 1928. The North American cup-fungi (operculates). Seaver, New York. 284 p. 1942. The North American cup-fungi (operculates). Suppl. ed. Seaver, New York. 377 p.; reprinted 1961. Hafner, New YOrk: SETCHELL, W. A. 1910. The genus Sphaerosoma. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 107-120. SNYDER, L. C. 1936. New and unusual discomycetes of western Washington. Mycologia 28: 483-488. WARAITCH, K. S. 1977. Redetermination of the Indian collections of Plicaria trachycarpa. Mycotaxon 6: 189-192. WEBER, N. S. 1972. The genus Helvella in Michigan. Mich. Botanist 11: 147-201. WELLS, V., and P. KEMPTON. 1967. Studies of the fleshy fungi of Alaska. 1. Liloydia 30: 258-268: MYCOTAXON Pole vulseNo.: 15 pp. 91-96 Aprid=-June 1978 A NEW SPECIES OF MICROASCUS AND ITS PECULIAR CONIDIAL STATE SHUN-ICHI UDAGAWA AND KOUHEI FURUYA National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Kamiyoga 1-chome, ‘Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan & Fermentation Research La- boratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Hiro-machi l-chome, Shinagawa- ku, Tokyo 140, Japan During a taxonomical study of soil fungi in Thailand, a new ascomycete belonging to the genus Microascus was en- countered. The conidial state of this species is charac- terized by short annellophores and dark, globose, thick- walled, catenate conidia with a germ slit, suggestive of the genus Wardomyces, from which it differs in several Significant characteristics. . It cannot be accommodated in any known genus, and is, besides the ascosporic state, de- scribed here as new genus. Microascus inopinatus Udagawa & Furuya, sp.nov. (Figs. ee 2) Status conidialis: Wardomycopsis inopinata Udagawa & Furuya, st.nov. (vide infra) Coloniae in agaro farina avenae mixto vel agaro cum decocto tuberorum et carota restrictae, tenues et partim Submersae, plus minusve floccosae; fructificationes coni- diorum abunde efferentes, atrocinereae vel fere nigrae; ascocarpae tarde effectae; reversum valde brunneo-cinereum. Ascocarpae dispersae vel irregulariter aggregatae, Superficiales vel partim immersae, nigrae, opacae, subglo- bosae, 160-350 um diam, pilosae, postea longirostrae, ostiolatae; rostra atra, cylindracea, 550-1,000 um longa, ad basim 18-25(-28) um diam, pilosa, saepe distorta; peri- dium 20-40 um crassum, valde olivaceo-brunneum, membrana- cem vel carbonaceum, e usque 8 stratis cellularum composi- to. Pili ascocarparum (et collorum) numerosi, recti vel flexuosi, septati, laeves, olivaceo-brunnei, usque 130-250 um longi, prope basin 3.0-3.5 um diam, in fasciculis saepe dispositi. Asci octospori, globosi vel ovoidei, 6-9 x 5-7 um, tenues, nonstipitati, irregulariter dispositi, evanes- centes. Ascosporae primum dextrinoideae, hyalinae vel dilute stramineae, triangulares vel reniformes, 3.0-3.5 x 2.5-3.0 um, laeves, poro germinationis basilari praeditae. Status conidialis Wardomycopsis. Typus No. 2767, NHL, isolatus e solo in thailandensis. Etym. Refers to the unexpected morphology of the coni- dial structures. Colonies on oat-meal agar or potato-carrot agar grow- SA ing restrictedly, thin, vegetative mycelium submerged, with more or less floccose surface; conidial structures abun- dantly produced, dark grey to nearly black (Leaden Grey to Black; Rayner, 1970); ascocarps later developed within aer- ial growth or into the agar; reverse dark brownish grey. Ascocarps scattered or irregularly aggregated, super- ficial to semi-immersed, black, opaque, subglobose, 160-350 um in diam, later with a long neck, hairy, ostiolate; necks dark-colored, cylindrical, 550-1,000 x 18-25(-28) um, hairy: often distorted; peridium 20-40 um thick, dark olivaceous brown, membranaceous to carbonaceous, up to 8 cells deep in radial section, consisting of outer layers of thick-walled angular dark cells and inner layer of hyaline cells. Asco- carp hairs numerous, straight to flexuous, septate, smooth- walled, olivaceous brown, up to 130-250 um long, 3.0-3.5 um wide near the base, often adhering in fascicles, covering the exposed upper part of the ascocarp and the neck. Asci 8-spored, globose to ovoid, 6-9 x 5-7 um, thin-walled, non- stipitate, irregularly disposed, evanescent. Ascospores dextrinoid when young, hyaline to pale straw-colored, pale reddish brown in mass, triangular to reniform, 3.0-3.5 x 2.5-3.0 um, smooth-walled, with an indistinct germ pore at base. Conidial state present, Wardomycopsis. Holotype - No. 2767, NHI, isolated from soil, Bangkhen near Bangkok, Thailand, February 25, 1974. Isotype - SANK LOT as Wardomycopsis inopinata Udagawa & Furuya, gen. et sp. nov. (Peas wee 2) Deuteromycotina, hyphomycetes. Coloniae restrictae, fuscae. Mycelium sparsum, partim superficiale, partim in Ssubstrato immersum, hyalinum vel dilute flavo-brunneum, ex hyphis vulgo flexuosis, ramosis, septatis, laevibus, 1.5- 3.0 um diam, saepe funiculosis compositum. Structurae conidicae simplices, annellophoris solitaris vel catervis annellophororum parvis acrogenis in conidiophoris brevibus. Conidiophora semi-macronemata, mononemata, septata, laevia, hyalina vel subhyalina, raro ramosa, 3.5-6.0(-12.0) x 2.0- 3.0(-4.0) um. Cellulae conidiogenae monoblasticae, in conidiophoris incorporatae, terminales, sed interdum dis- cretae, percurrentes, hyalinae vel leviter coloratae, simplices vel septatae, laeves, ampulliformes vel cylind- ricae, 3.5-5.0 x 2.5-3.0 um, saepe superne inflatae, cum annellationibus terminalibus distinctis. Conidia sicca, acrogena, basipetalia et breve catenulata, simplicia, pri- mum pallida et pyriformia, deinde olivaceo-brunnea, in massa nigra, globosa vel subglobosa, 4.0-5.5 um diam, parietibus crassis, laeves, cum fissura mediana (plerumque transversali). Typus No. 2767, NHL, cum forma asScosporae (loc. cit.). Etym. of generic name. Refers to position intermediate between Scopulariopsis and Wardomyces. Colonies restricted, dark-colored. Mycelium sparse, superficial or immersed, hyaline to pale yellowish brown, composed of mostly flexuous, branched, septate, smooth- walled hyphae, 1.5-3.0 um in diam, often forming funicles. ig. t. carp. Spores. Microascus inopinatus Udagawa & Furuya. A. Asco- B. A portion of ascocarp hairs. C. Asci and asco- D. Conidial structures of Wardomycopsis state. 93 94 Conidial structures as annellophore borne singly along the aerial or prostrate hyphae, or in small divergent groups on short conidiophores. Conidiophores semi-macronematous, mononematous, septate, smooth-walled, hyaline to subhya- line, xarely branched, 3.5-6.0(-12.0)" @2.0-3.0(—4 7073 Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal but sometimes separated, percurrent, hyaline to slightly col- ored, simple or septate, smooth-walled, flask-shaped to cylindrical, 3.5-5.0 x 2.5-3.0 um, often swollen above, with distinct terminal annellations. Conidia dry, acroge- nous, borne in basipetal succession as a curved short chain, l-celled, pale-colored and pyriform when young, then becoming olivaceous brown, black in mass, globose to sub- globose, 4.0-5.5 um in diam, with walls thick and smooth, with a median germ slit running the entire length of one Side (mostly transverse). Holotype - No. 2767, NHL, with the ascosporic state (LOC IECi tC seul SOty pe: — SANK LOT 7i.. Specimens cited are deposited as follows: No. 2767 (holotype) in the Mycological Herbarium, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences (NHL), Tokyo, Japan, and No. 10777 (isotype) in the Mycological Herbarium, Fermentation Re- search Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd. (SANK), Tokyo, Japan. Upon most substrata containing vegetable extracts such as PDA, PCA or oat-meal agar, the ascocarps are produced fairly abundantly and ripen within about 1 month, and are usually cleistocarpic. Plate cultures are often not in good condition to show the ostiolate characteristic of the ascocarp. The long-beaked neck of the ascocarps is very slow to form and is ultimately seen on the agar slants after 18 months incubation. The development was so slow that it was difficult to establish the proper placement of the new species in the Microascaceae. When young the asco- carps are rather suggestive of Kernia (Malloch and Cain, 1971), but as these develop they assume a clearly differ- ent. This species is somewhat similar to M. giganteus Malloch (1970) which is, among previous members of the genus, also unique in possessing a Wardomyces conidial state. Both species produce long-beaked setose ascocarps. However the present species has smaller perithecia, smaller and triangular ascospores, and globose conidia that are in chains. The triangular pattern of the ascospores in M. inopi- natus is strongly reminiscent of those seen in some species of the genus, viz. M. trigonosporus Emmons & B.O. Dodge and M. pyramidus Barron & Gilman (Arx, 1975; Barron eural 7, 1961; Morton and Smith, 1963; Udagawa, 1962). The new species is easily distinguished from these similar species in the above mentioned appearance of the ascocarps, as well as in association with a conidial state of the 'Wardomycop- Sis' type. “The Wardomycopsis state in this species is very char- acteristic. Although this state could not be identified a5 ae 7%) as, S: Fig. 2. M. inopinatus. A. Section of ascocarp. x400. B. Asci SencwascOospores. */50\. | Cx. Conidia. <2,000. 9Db.n Goni— dial structures (arrow: pyriform, young conidium). x1,500. 96 with any described genus, the ontogeny of conidial forma- tion may be analogous to that in Scopulariopsis (Morton and Smith, 1963). Of particular resemblances are the produc-— tion of annellophores and pyriform conidia with a truncate base (when young). Wardomycopsis belongs in the complex of several imperfect genera connected with the Microascaceae (Malloch, 1970) and occupies a position intermediate be- tween Scopulariopsis and Wardomyces. It differs from the former in the globose, thick-walled conidia with a germ slit (when matured) and the latter in annellated conidio- genous cells and catenate, globose conidia. There are at least two Scopulariopsis species to be transfered to the new genus: Wardomycopsis humicola (Barron) Udagawa & Furuya comb.nov. (Syn. Scopulariopsis humicola Barron, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 294. 1966) and Wardomycopsis state (= Scopulariopsis state) of Microascus Singularis (Sacc.) Malloch & Cain. A comparison of our organism with the type collection of S. humicola Barron (CBS 487.66 = ATCC 16691) showed them to be distinct from each other because of the difference in shape of conidia. The conidia of the additional two species are normally long-ovate to short-cylindric or elliptical-ovate. M. sin- gularis also differs from this fungus in having nearly glabrous ascocarps and larger, heart-shaped ascospores (Barrenectual., 1961; Malloch and Cain; 2971 e ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Professor David Malloch, Department of Botany, University of Toronto, for reading the manu- script and making helpful suggestions. REFERENCES Arx, J+A. von. 1975. Revision of Microascus withytneraess cription of a new species. Persoonia 8: 191-197. Barron, G.L. 1966. A new species of Scopulariopsis from soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 293-298. Barron, Giinweren. Cain, andiJ.C. Gilman.) 961. Jthesqenas Microascus, (Can. J.iBot.. 39: 1609-T6Gte Malloch, D. 1970. New concepts in the Microascaceae illu- strated by two new species. Mycologia 62: 727-740. MallochoeD., "andar... Cain. spo 71s. the genus Kernia. Can. J. Bot. 49: 855-867. Morton, F.J., and G. Smith. 1963. The genera Scopulariop- sis, Microascus and Doratomyces. C. M. I. Mycol. Pap. 86s, Jospp-. Rayner, R.W. 1970. A mycological colour chart. C. M. I. & British Mycological Society. Udagawa, S. 1962. Microascus species new to the mycoflora of Japan. J. gen. appl. Microbiol. Tokyo 8s ae35om Oder leaNO. dei pp. 97-101 April-June 1978 TYPE STUDIES IN THE GENUS PEZIZA. II. OPERCULATE DISCOMYCETES DESCRIBED BY J. B. ELLIS AND CO-AUTHORS Donald Hw P&ister Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamte Botany, Harvard Untversity, Cambridge, Mass. 02138 In my continuing study of the genus Peztza I have examined the species described by J. B. Ellis and his co- authors. My task was facilitated by the use of A Record of ter ung1 Naned by J. 8. Elites by Edith Cash (1953). Species of Peztza referred to genera of inoperculate Disco- mycetes by Cash are listed at the end of this article. More detailed comments on the operculate Discomycetes fol- low. Type specimens from the New York Botanical Garden have been examined where there have been no recently pub- lished comments. Pez teanauraneropets: Ell... Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 3: re. 1882. | EmUachneaauUranvilopstTer ull.) sace...moylil. Fung so 180. 1889. = Wolftna auranttopsts (E11.) Seav., Mycologia 29: 6509251937). This is the type species of Wolfina Seav. ex Eckblad. Eckblad (1968) provides an accurate description of this species. The genus is placed in the Sarcosomataceae of the Sarcoscyphineae by Korf (1972). Peztcamuracnypus Bil’. 6 ves J. Mycol 42955." 1888. eNGeopyirs brachypuse (El & Ev.) “Sace s,)Syll. Fing. eenOo. 1889. The fungus should be referred to Helvella section Macropodes. Seaver (1928) treated the species as a synonym of Paxtna subclavitpes (Phill. & Ell.) Seaver. Pest carcestrived blll. & Eves. MYCoL. 72 loz O85. eS numarta cestrica (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc., Syll. Fung, 3G: Has. £1889; = Aleurta cestrica (Ell. & Ev.) Seav., North American cup-fungi (operculates) p. 28. 1928 The species is properly referred to Aleurta as was 98 done by Seaver. Peziza ehlamydospora E11. & Ev., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 029987 "1883; Authenic material in the Farlow Herbarium general col- lection from the type locality, and the type collection (NY!) 5 show this to be, close: to,: if) not udentical-withs Peztza atrovinosa Cooke. Seaver (1928) first listed this synonymy. Peziza hpainesty E1T., Bull. Torrey Bots. cubes moos 1881; North American Fungi no. 562. = Lachnea. hainestt (BlL.) Sacez,.Syll., Fung..cemloce 1889. Seaver (1928) treated this as a synonym of Paxtna semttosta (Berk. & Curt.) Seaver. Korf (1960) treated it as a synonym of Jafnea semttosta (Berk. & Curt.) Korf. My study of number 562 in Worth Amertcan Fungt (FH) bears out this opinion. Pezisa ol.vatra.E1l.& Holw. ianeArthemetual. abu ae Minnesota Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. 3: 36. 1887. = Humaria.olivatra (ELL, & Holw.) Sacc., Syll-eFune. Celio see Ooo. Seaver (1928) reported this as an inoperculate Disco- mycete. The species seems best referred to the Dermate- aceae because of its dark ectal excipulum. The holotype (NY) has been studied. Pegtza orthotricha Cke. & Ell. Grevillea 6: 7. 1877. = Humaria orthotricha (Cke. & Ell.) Sacc., Syll. Bune fopetee ANAS) Paice heheh = Humartna orthotricha (Cke. & Ell.) Seav., North American cup-fungi (operculates) p. 127. 1928. This fungus has large operculate asci, globose or sub- | globose warted ascospres, and occurs on a moss. It appears — to develop cleistohymenially. It is a member of the genus Oetospora and should be compared with 0. meslinitt (Le Gal) © Svréek & Kubiéka which occurs on the same moss (Benkert : 1976). | Peziza rhizomorphae Ell. & Ev., J. Mycol. 4: 98. 1888. = Pleetania rhizomorphae (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 164, 1889. = Seutellinita rhtzomorphae (Ell. & Ev.) Kuntze, Rev. GensaPiawa o20e, 1398. This species, based on the specimens in NY, is Pleetania melastoma (Sow. ex Fr.) Fuckel. This accords 99 with Seaver's (1928) synonymy. Pestaqd scure_Llovaes. Ells, Bully torrey Bot. Club 9: io.eetoo2. North American Fungi no. 833. = Sphaerospora scutellotdes (E1l.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. Os LoS.) . L689. ! Rifai (1968) suggested that this species is one of the synonyms of Sphaerosporella hinnulea (Berk. & Br.) Rifai. Certainly the description given by Ellis closely matches the concept Rifai presents. Ellis's specimen has a bright orange hymenium and occurs on soil. These features distin- guish it from S. brunnea. There is confusion on several points over the distinction between Sphaerosporella and Pyronemella. Tewari and Pant (1968) would use the name Pyronemella for hairy spherical-spored Discomycetes on burned areas. This is essentially the cirumscription of Sphaerosporella. A study of P. arenosa Speg., type species of the genus Pyronemella, might resolve the problem. Korf (1972) treated Sphaerosporella as a synonym of Trtchophaea. Peztza stephensonitana Ell. in Rehm, Ascom. Lojk. p.3. 1882. Invalid, published in synonymy. = Dtisctna repanda (Wahl. ex Fr.) Sacc. subsp. stephen- sontana E11. in Rehm ex Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 100. 1889. Pfister (1973) gave a complete synonymy and indicated that the species was indistinguishable from Peziza repanda. As for Ellis's opinion on the taxon, it is apparent from studying specimens. identified by him that he had no clear concept of it. Among those collections in the Farlow Her- barium identified by Ellis are specimens of Peztza badto- Bonjusa Kort, P.. sylvestris Boud., P: ampltata Pers. ex Bre, and ap-Otidecd. Pezizoactriitscpord Bll. s& EV.,. bull. Lowa. bab. Nats Hist. 4:.69. 1896. = Sarcoseypha stritspora (Ell. & Ev.) Sacc. & Syd., py Lesrune. %4:3° 7/54. 1899. The holotype of Peztza stritspora is a specimen of Cooketna trtcholoma (Mont.) Kunze. This was suggested by Seaver (1928). Peziza trachyderma Ell. & Ev., Amer. Naturalist 31: HweO. | 1897% = Humarta trachyderma (E11. & Ev.) Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 74: 752. 1899. = Humarina trachyderma (E11. & Ev.) Seav., North Amer- ican cup-fungi (operculates) p. 139. 1928. 100 This seems best referred to Peztza vestculosa Bull. ex S. F. Gray. Among collections referred to P. vestculosa this is one of the smallest. Peztza vestculosa has predom- inantly globose cells in the ectal excipulum, large, smooth ascospores (up to 24 um long) and apothecia which always occur on dung or manured soil. EXCLUDED SPECIES The following species which were originally described in the genus Peztza are members of the Helotiales. For synonyms, the reader is referred to Cash (1953). Peziza apdita E1l.,’ P. acerina Cher SeiVl er. ge as foltae Cke & E1l.\, BP. astertcola.Cke. & Ell... 2P, boreaize Ell. & Holw.; 2. callochaetes Ell. .& Ev., 2) campanura Ell. > P. ecarneorubra Ell. in Cke., 2. cazenoviaqe Eli es Ev... P..cenangrordes EL. £. clavigerdenil. oy nv nme conorum El, F. ecornuta Ell, 2. cragintana Ell. esky Cravin w weriielia Bll. & Ev... ob. Crossolar tills ar eer = Citella, Chess bil. P. cypnellordes Ell. (a -EV.,0n. dinemasportotdes Ell. & Ev., P. doratophora Ell. & Ev., P. caring Elia, JP: caritand, Ell. &vEv.,. FP. elongatay El aeenve in Rehm, Poi ferrmanit. Ell. & Ev.;. P. jrondtveola EL). em ives P. jumtgatd, Bll. & Ev., P. funosella Che. ;& BU. P egue— etdula Ckespas Bll, PF. fuscocarpa Ell. & Holw., 0b cau. thertae Elle SEV...) 2. gelarinosaebll.. csc. Matiineuss glagosa Ell. & Ev., P. glenospora Ell. & Ev., P. hetero- earpa Ells, PP. heteromorpha Ell & EV. , P..Yputco las aia Peanvscrecura Bll. & EV... Postvicondi ta Ell... eh. neha. oa Ell, Pe incroviridis Cke. & Ell., Ph... tatebrosa EM. a. maurtatra Cke. & Ell., P. méleagrie Ell., P. mentopsrc meee P. mycogena E1ll., P. nyssaegena E1l., P. oenotherae Cke. & Ell 2... Oleosa Ell... PP. osmindae Che. & Bll). pate puncta Cke. &@Hll.,'P. phlegmacea Elle, P.. privtcolagere & EVigs be prolemied Ell... P..regalis Che. Gihll. secs docarpa E112, P. rhaphtdospora Ell., P.,similara Bilsiee. solentacformes Ell. & Ev., P..eolfatarg Che. & Eller: stictotdeq Cke. & Ell., P. subgtbbosa Ell., P. tenella) Ckes & Ell., P. thetotdea Cke. & Ell., P. venturtotdes E11. & Ev...) Yyogoensts Ell. & Gall. LITERATURE CITED Benkert, D. 1976. Bemerkenswerte Ascomyceten der DDR I. Zu einigen Arten der Gattung Lamprospora De Not. Feddes Repert. 87: 611-642. Cash, E. Ks 91953..° A Record of the Fungi Named byeJ, 974, SKA’ 262; on horse func. Hittas Jan. 12, 1974, SKA» 263. This species was reported from Iraq by Ahmed et al. (1971) and since then we have examined several collections of this species from different parts of Iraq. It is marked by the large size of the ascospores and characteristic secondary appendages. 10. Podospora longicaudata (Griff.) Cain Can.) BOE. 4038460... 1962. Perithecia 600-800 x 470-600 pm, globose to pyriform with a small rudimentary neck, dark brown to olivaceous; semi-immersed, exposed part smooth (without hairs) but imm- ersed part covered with dark brown septate, branched hairs Or mycelium. Asci 270-290 x 35-40 um, clavate, 8-spored. Ascospores uniserriate, ellipsoid, 39-50 x 20-27 pm, dark brown; primary appendage 28-40 x 6-7 pm, subhyaline, clava- te; secondary appendages numerous, present all over the asc- Ospores but very long and prominent at the upper end, compa- ratively smaller at the distal end of the primary appendage, reduced to a mere covering on the sides of spore. COLLECTION EXAMINED: on horse dung, Shaqlawa(Arbil), July 6, 1970, SKA 100. This species was recorded from Iraq by Ahmed et al. 116 (1971). We have not noticed this species again. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are thankful, to Dr. Hussain As Aloscaada Head of the Biology Department for encouragement. Thanks are due to Dr. L.R. Batra (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, U.S.A.) for helpful suggestions and critical reading of the manuscript. REFERENCES Abdulitah, ~S.Ks, Asis. Si Ismail, andS. Sa Rattan. slo .Oemtlew and interesting coprophilous fungi from Iraq. Nova Hedwigia. 28: 241-251. Ahmed, S.I. and F. Asad. 1968. Coprophilous tungiNoOfmvescs Pakistan. (0. 5Sci., Industr. Res. viii 57 oun » ALS: Ismail and S.Ka Abdultah.. 1 970ssmecon tars bution to the fungi of Iraq. I1..(coprophilouss tuncas: Bull. Bio. Res. Centre (Baghdad). -5: 16-32. oh. ; So Ke Abdullah and A.LvS. Ismaili. .O 7 ile Con aars bution to the fungi of Iraq. Ifill. “(coprophiloustaacwe Bult coll, Gen. Univ. Basrahw:2s lwo. Boedijn, K.B. 1962. The Sordariaceae of Indonesia. Persoon- a 23° 305-320. email, Avi.Ss and S.i. Ahmed... 1970. Contriubuetoneronule Fundisor iraq. 1. Ccoprophilous, fungi). Scull. scour S61, Untv. iasran. ls 2Zi=36.. Khan, R.S. and R.F. Cain. 1972. Five new species of Podo- spora from East Africa. Can. J. Bot. 50% 1649-1661" Lundqvist, N. 1969. Zygopleurage and Zygospermella (Sordar- ilaceae s. lat., Pyrenomycetes). Bot. Not. 122: 353-374; 2s 1972. Nordic Sordariaceae is. lat... (Symbesoee Upsal. 20: 1-374. 1973. Studia Fungorum Fimi. I. New records of Podosporae, and a new species, P. papilionacea. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 67: 34-52. Mirza, J.H. and R.F. Cain. 1969. . Revisionvof the, genus Podosporay /Can.. J. bot.A.473 1999-2043. a and M.A. Nasir. 1968. Addition to the coprophi- lous fungi of West Pakistan. II. Nova Hedwigia 16: PA SOL PAKS 05 Subramanian, C.V. and B.C. Lodha. 1968. Two interesting coprephilous fungi from India. Curr. Sci. 9: 245-248, MYCOTAXON Voleavebi NOm depp. ed) 7= 124 April-June 1978 NEE | eae Sy oh es pa ee od A eee Te ea NOTES ON CORTICIACEAE (BASIDIOMYCETES) II by Kurt Hjortstam and Karl-Henrik Larsson Malaregatan 12 Fredrikslund 441 00 Alingsas 462 00 Vanersborg Sweden Abstract A new genus Brevtcelitetum is proposed with Corttetum extle Jacks. as type species. Two new species are described viz. Hyphoderma subelavitgerum and Tubulterints globtsporus. Two combinations are made viz. Brevicelltetum oltvascens (an earlier name for Odontta mutabtits (Pers.)Bres.) and B. vtrtdulum. Brevicelitectum K-H Larss.& Hjortst. nov. gen. Fructtficatto resuptnata, effusa, tenuts, hymento plus minusve prutnoso vel rettculato, membranaceo, levt vel gra- nulato; systemate hyphalt monomtttco; hyphts basaltbus dts- tinetts, cellults medioertter prolatts, partettbus fere parallelts, hyphis subhymentaltbus ttem distinctts sed cellu- lts brevtbus, partettbus tsodiametris; bastdtts Trechtsporae stmiltbus; sports subglobosts vel asymmetrtcts, non-amylot- dets. GENERITYPUS: Corttetum extle Jacks. Fruitbody resupinate, effused, thin or slightly thickened, hymenium more or less pruinose, with age reticulate to mem- branaceous, smooth or granulose. Hyphal system monomitic, basal hyphae distinct, with nearly parallel walls, propor- tionately longcelled, subhymenial hyphae of short, broad, distinctly isodiametric cells. Basidia short, subclavate, somewhat constricted and with 4 sterigmata. Spores subglo- bose to ellipsoid or lacrimiform, with distinct apiculus, neither cyanophilous nor amyloid. 118 REMARKS: Eriksson and Ryvarden (1975, p. 453), when descri- bing Hyphoderma albocremeum (Hohn.& Litsch.)Erikss.& Strid, briefly discussed another species with similar hyphal struc- ture. They were of the opinion that this species could be more related to Trechtspora than to Hyphoderma. It was later identified as Corttctum extle Jacks. by Eriksson and Hjort- stam. The genus Conohypha with the type species Corttctum alboeremeum was described by Julich (1975) and primarily delimited by its isodiametric subhymenial hyphae. The spe- cies treated below, Corttetum extle, Odontta oltvascens and Athelopsts vtrtdula correspond with Julich’s description of Conohypha in having the same kind of subhymenial hyphae. However, the basidia as well as the spores and hyphae are of much larger dimension in the type of Conohypha. The new genus Brevicelltectum 1s in our opinion more related to Trechtspora but seperated for example by its smooth basidiospores. Some other species with smooth basidiospores generally treated in Trechtspora are T. confints, T. amtanthtna and T. bysstnella. The first one is with some doubt delimited from Brevicelltctum but has a fragile structure and thus resembles Trechtspora farinacea. The spores of 7. conftnts are, unlike those of Brevtcelltctum, slightly cyanophilous. T. amtanthina and T. bysstnella are rather well seperated in their hyphal layer which reminds of Athelta sensu lato. Key to the species of Brevtcelltctum 1 Hymenium grandinioid, spores globose to subglobose...... Z 1 Hymenium smooth, spores elliptical to tearshaped=>.. a. Me Le Pes IPN Oe REN POETIC TO Rae oto OTe Bb. ext te 2 Fruitbody sulphur yellow to light greenish. B. vtrtdulum 2 Fruitbody whitish to cream-coloured........ B. oltvascens Brevicelltctum extle (Jacks.)K-H Larss.& Hjortst. nov. comb. BASIONYM: Corttctum extle Jacks., Can. Journ. Res. 28:721, 1950. Fruitbody resupinate, effused, thin but not inconspi- cuous, whitish to cream-coloured, hymenium smooth, under a lens slightly pruinose, margin indistinct. Hyphal system monomitic, basal hyphae thinwalled, 2-3 um wide, with clamps, subhymenial hyphae broad, isodiametric, reaching 8-10 um across, with clamps. Cystidia or cystidial organs lacking. 119 Basidia short, subclavate, slightly constricted, 10-15 x 5-6 um, with a small clamp at the base and with rather thin, curved sterigmata. Spores smooth, short-ellipsoid, somewhat Peerimitorm, 5-6 xX 3,5-4 um, with distinct apiculus; non- amyloid. HABITAT: All Swedish finds from decorticated deciduous wood. DISTRIBUTION: A few collections from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Canary Islands and Canada REMARKS: Brevtcelltetum extle is usually well recognized by its isodiametric hyphal cells and by its small, drop-shaped basidiospores. All material that we studied was identical with the type. The spores vary slightly from 4-6 um in length. SPECIMENS STUDIED: CANARY ISLANDS. Tenerife, Cruce de la Rosas, 3 km S of la Esperanza, 1974-01-08. Ryvarden 12342, DENMARK. Sjaelland, Korsdér skov, on old stump, 1974-11-16. Hauerslev 4938. NORWAY. Oppland, Gausdal, Ormtjernkampen nasj. park, on Picea, 1975-09-21. I. Johansen 1224/75; Nordland, Hamargj, V. Kilvatnet, on coniferous wood, 1975- 9-279. K. Bijgrgum 675; Nordland, Bangsund. A. Strid 11431. SWEDEN. Vastergétland. Skepplanda par., N of Skantas, on deciduous wood, 1967-09-25. Hjortst. s.n.; Langared par., W side of lake Anten, on decayed Alnus glutinosa, 1976-06-07. Hjortst. 6701; Medelplana par., Kinnekulle, Rab&ck, on deci- duous wood, 1976-10-30. K-H Larss.& Hjortst. 7536. CANADA. Ontario, woods W of Maple, on coniferous knot (Tsuga or Pinus), 1942-10-12. Jackson 18831 (TYPE); Bear Island, Tima- gami, on bark of Thuja occidentalis, 1939-08-24. Jackson 16686. Brevtcelitetum oltvascens (Bres.)K-H Larss.& Hjortst. nov. comb. BASIONYM: Odontta oltvascens Bres., Fungi Trid. 2:36, 1892. Hydnum granulosum Pers. var mutabtle Pers., Mycol. Europ. e304, 1825. Padontta mutabilis (Pers.)Bres., Ann. Mycol. 9:426, 1911. Erandinta mutabilis (Pers.)Bourd.& Galz., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 30:250, 1914. Crtstella mutabtlts (Pers.)Parm., Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. foim. Biol. Seer. 14:223, 1965. meecitspora mutabiits (Pers.)Liberta, Taxon 15:319, 1966. Fruitbody resupinate, effused, thin to becoming thicke- ned, grandinioid, whitisn to cream-coloured, margin indis- tinct. Hyphal system monomitic, basal hyphae thin, ab. 5 um wide, subhymenial hyphae short-celled, isodiametric, 7,5-8- 10 um wide, all hyphae with clamps. Cystidia lacking. Basidia subeylindrical, slightly ‘constricted, 15-20)% 6-Ssum, woe clamp at the base and with 4 sterigmata. Spores smooth, subglobose and somewhat asymmetric, 4,5-5 um across, with distinct apiculus, neither cyanophilous nor amyloid. HABITAT: In Sweden only collected on deciduous wood. DISTRIBUTION: Not uncommon in the south part of Sweden but Lave mmivecheenormicrie part (OtradelO7 Sie REMARKS: Brevicelltetum oltvascens is well recognized by its grandinioid hymenium and subglobose, slightly asymmetric spores. lt/iS similar to 8. extle in having, isodiemetrre subhymenial cells. TYPE SPECIMEN STUDIED: Ad truncos RoSae canimac = svOrcices VIII 1890 (the protologue says Aestate-Autumno, ad ramos Rosae-caninae.Valk di Sole’). Herb:S. Brevicellitetum vitrtdulum (Parm.)K-H Larss.& Hjortst. nov. comb. BASIONYM: Athelopsts vtrtdula Parm., Consp. Syst. Cort. DIEZ Sel 908. Corttetum sulphurellum HOhn.& Litsch., Wiesner Festschr., p 66, 1908. Not Corttetum sulphurellum Cke & Massee, Grevillea 20S on 18012 Microscopically it is not possible to seperate B. virtdulum from B. oltvascens but in our concept of the spe- cies the sulphur-yellow colour is satisfactory to establish B. virtdulum aS a species of its own. B. oltvaseens, which we have collected and studied for several years, is in most cases whitish to cream-coloured, never bright yellow. We have not been able to discern any intermediate stages. HABITAT: On deciduous wood. DISTRIBUTION: A little known species and probably very rare in Sweden as well as in the whole of Northern Europe. REMARKS: Easily recognized species thanks to its colour and to its similarity to B. olivascens. SPECIMENS STUDIED: ESTHONIA. Jégeva, Vooze, on Alnus, 1970- 09-16. E. Parmasto; Juudi AO. Oblutsenski r., Bol. Sololi P21 400-600 m, 1061-08-08. E. Parmasto (TYPE of Athelopsts virt- Evia jee POLAND. The Carpathians, “distr. (Gorlice; “on Quercus, 1963-08-18. St. Domanski. SWEDEN. Uppland. Uppsala, Vard- Pat ragnaturpark, ol Praxinus, 193/-l10-23.7%5. Lundedi, «det. Honn Erikss.. Hyphoderma subclavtgerum K-H Larss.& Hjortst nov. spec. Fructtficatto resuptnata, effusa adhaerans; hymento continuo, albo vel cremeo; margine plus mtnusve tndtstincto; UPS tarstinctts, tenuitunteatts, 2,5-5,5 un latts, frbu- Varese; seveviaiite piyormibus, 1.) cylindricis vel suvelavatts, pmo jeerte,. G0—I120<~ 10-12>um, 2. "elavatrs, (tnclusts, 50-30 x MOU oastalts “elavatts vel ‘subelavattc, 25-40 x 5-6 un, 4 stertgmattbus; sports suballantotdets, tenuttuntcatts, 10-14 x 4-5 um, nonamylotdets. HOLOTYPUS: SWEDEN. Vastergdtland. Medelplana par., Kinne- kulle, Raback, on branch of deciduous wood, 1976-10-03. Male cdjOrust.. 7295. monly el ekKLet Hiortst. 7264-7288 and 7290:. Fruitbody resupinate, effused, adnate, whitish to dark cream-coloured, margin indistinct. Hyphae thinwalled, branched and with clamps, 2,5-3,5 um wide. Cystidia of two kinds 1. cylindrical to subclavate, projecting, with thin or somewhat thickened walls, 90-150 x 10-12 um, 2. clavate, thinwalled, more or less imbedded, 50-80 x 4-6 um. Both kinds of cystidia sometimes with one or more adventitious septa without clamps. Basidia terminal, subclavate, somewhat Bells trieced. 25740 x 5-0, um, with) 4-sterigmata- — —— ‘ SS as A \ \i e == PROV \) My Se Uv LOR ft Sa — at \ NI +> — UA RAY) Nie? \ Geocoryne variispora. Section of apothecium x 100; PLATEL 53 ces, loose ascospores, ascus, and ascus apices Ascus and two ascus apices at left rehydrated in water and mounted in Melzer's Reagent; four ascus apices at. righterechydrated in.Z paraphysis api aliex L000; as [T . © PT en ys) ton oen joy) + gg 23s ce ff! Tp) Ne} on WY H OG on oan N «AN a sre 3s se = if) To on 2) 5) THe oa ooMmM oa = a = 2 Got BE. @) th) OS Mw S N of = = — Ss Numbers refer to collection Da nh 1=CUP-MM 3; MM 548; 8 MM 1282. 1l= 10=MM 1208; MM 1163; O= MM 1139; Pol Melzer's Reagent, but does blue when rehydrated in 2% or 10% aqueous KOH and then mounted in Melzer's Reagent, a phenome- non discussed earlier for a few other genera by Kohn and Korf mo7>) and by Nanntfeldt (1976). In the paratype species, G. exogloea, the pore blues faintly without KOH pretreatment, but the reaction is markedly enhanced by pretreatment with 10% KOH. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Korf gratefully acknowledges the technical assistance of eusan C. Gruff and of Robert Dirig, and the financial assist- ance of National Science Foundation Grant DEB75-23557 which has supported the Macaronesian Discomycete Explorations. The courteous and welcome help of Prof. Wildpret de la Torre and Prof. Esperanza Beltran Tejera of the Universidad de La Lagu- na, Tenerife made the visits there far more efficient for the senior author and his collector colleagues, Linda M. Kohn and Martha A. Sherwood, Cornell University, William C. Denison, Oregon State University, Robert Fogel, USDA Forestry Labora- tory, Corvallis, Oregon, and Grégoire L. Hennebert, Universi- té de Louvain, Belgium. The cooperation of various Norwegian Scientists in arranging for the loan of all their discomycete collections from the Canary Islands is also deeply apprecia- ted. Prof. William J. Dress, Bailey Hortorium, Cornell Uni- versity, corrected the Latin diagnoses for Geocoryne and G. varitspora. Singh and Tewari acknowledge their debt to Dr. feeR. Batra, USDA, Beltsville, for arranging for the Latin aiagnosis of G. exogloeq and for his helpful criticism; their mesearch was financed in part by grant’FG,-IN-331 by the USDA under PL.480 funds. REFERENCES CITED ROHN 1... M. GR. P.. KORF. 1975. Variation in, Ascomycete iodine reactions: KOH pretreatment explored. Mycotaxon 3: Boo-17 2. KORF, R. P. 1973. Discomycetes and Tuberales. Jn Ains- morcn,) G.1G., F. K. Sparrow ¢ A: S,. Sussman |eds.]|, 7/e fungi: an advanced treatise 4A: 249-319. Academic Press, New York § London. NANNFELDT, J. A. 1976. Iodine reactions in ascus plugs and their taxonomic significance. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 283-287. MYCOTAXON Vote Tie Nom al. pp 152-162 April-June 1978 Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Supraspeciiaic Taxa” or Porphyrellus* Caria By. (Wolle>- Jr.) and -Ronalesr mre veteen Botany Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916, Ush Abstract Taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions of the supraspecific taxa of Porphyrellus are presented in view of new data obtained from scanning electron microscopy studies of spores of the various type specimens. One new combi- navion ws proposed. Porphyrellus was proposed as a genus by Gilbert (1931) and has since received summary treatments by Singer (1945, 1951, 1962, 1975). Smith & Thiers (1971) accepted Porphy- retlus as a subgenus of Tylopilus.. The purpose or this paper, however, is to examine taxonomically and nomencla- turally the supraspecific taxa within: Porphyrel_lue srapner than to present. arguments in favor of either of the proposed ranks of the taxon. When described by Gilbert (1931), Porphyrellus was dia- gnosed by smooth, red-brown to purple-brown spores. Singer (1945) later expanded the generic concept to include those taxa with "perforate-punctate" spores, i.e. section Gractles, typified by P. gracilis (Peck) Singer. Simultaneously, he described section Tristee with ’P. “tristze (Patou Vande. Baker) Singer as the nomenclatural type for the smooth spored taxa; this section included the type species of the genus, P. porphyrosporus (Fries in Fries & H6k) Gilbert. Singer (1962) later recognized that section Tristes was nomencla- turally superfluous to and taxonomically synonymous with the understood type section Porphyrellus. McNabb (1968) de- scribed a smooth-spored taxon, P. visetdus, from New Zealand, considering it intermediate between Tylopilus and Porphyrel- tus. It did not fit well into any of the sections availlerl-e in Porphyrellus, however, so he proposed section Pseudotylo- ptlt with P. visetdus as the nomenclatural type. Singer (1962) described and validated (Singer, 1970) two subsections | of Gractles, subsection Gractlini typified by P. gracilis Ithis paper represents contribution no. 489 from the Botanical Laboratories, University of Tennessee. dS5 fPeck)) singer and subsection Subflavidin: tyoitied by PF. pubfraviraus (Murrill) Singer. He also described as new (cinger, 1970) two subsections of Section Pseudotylopiit, subsection Visetdini typified by P. vtsetdus McNabb and subsection Wiveint typified by P. niveus (G. Stevenson) HmeNapbs: A summary of all these taxa is presented in Table I. TABLE I Infrageneric taxa of Porphyrellus as summarized by Singer (1975) Porphyrellus Gilbert T: P. porphyrosporus (Fries tories & Hok) Gilbert Section Porphyrellus* = Section Tristes! T: P. trtstts (Pat. & Baker) ninger Section Pseudotyloptlt® Ve P. vieetdue MeNapod Subsection Vie Te Po “vescetdus McNabb Subsection Meveee t T: PP. ntveus (G. Steven- son) McNabb Section Serobiculatt- T:) PP. Gonteus (Rav. aoud Berk. & Curtis) Singer Section Gractles® T: P. gracilis (Peck) Singer [= Boletus Subgenus Austrobofetus Corner else ie. dietyotws (Boedijn) Corner” ] % Subsection Gracitlini T: P. gracilis (Peck) SAneer Subsection Subflavidint' ?: PIVSuDTlLavtdus (Murr.) Singer Recent studies (by CBW) using scanning electron micro- scopy have elucidated external spore morphology of the type specimen of the type species of some supraspecific taxa of Porphyrellus. As a result a reallignment of the taxonomy of Phe supraspecific taxa can be presented. *Taxa accepted without discussion. 1-8superscripts refer to the order in which the taxa are Beecussed in the Text. 154 Because Singer (1975) has presented the most comprehen- Sive summary of these taxa, with authorities, the reader should, reter cto that publication during examination of the data below.) lt must be mede perfectly clear that because light microscopy cannot resolve the detail of structure shown on SEM photomicrographs, previous reports and summaries of the taxa discussed here cannot be judged on data unobservable to their authors. Nevertheless, these taxa must be scruti- nized for the sake of taxonomic accuracy and nomenclatural Stability. Due to various methodesor preservation and age of the specimens examined, spore quality may differ in the SEM*s presented in this paper. All specimens cited are listed at the close of the paper; herbaria abbreviations used in this paper are from Holmgren and Keuken (1974). OBSERVATIONS 1. As originally proposed (Singer, 1945) section Tristes contained the type species of Porphyretlus (Pa aber. phyrosporus), but its type species was designated as P. tristis (Pat. & Baker) Singer, the spores of which Singer described as "...slightly cloudy-punctulate with paler and darker brown zones..." SEM's of the Spores of the type Specimen of P.. tristie. (Figt 2) showeone Spore wall clearly to be ornamented with complex ridges and shallow pits, probably the "paler and darker brown zones" of Singer. Corner (1972) in his redescription of Boletus longtpes Massee indicated that it was an earlier synonym of P. critetes with which we concur, based on spore morphology (FPig’e. 2 aMiisearnd other characters. Basionym of the correct name for the type species of the section fristes therefore is Boletus longtpes Massee. 2s, whey limits. of sectton Pseudotylopilt as proposed by McNabb (1968) are accepted. Spores of the type specimen of P. viseidus are smooth (Fig. 3). 3. Subsection Viseidini is diagnosed from the following Subsection by having a smooth stipe (Singer, 1975) 4. Subsection Ntveint was circumscribed by Singer (1970) | as showing viscid pileus, smooth spores, and "costate-reticu- late-lacunose" stipe. SEM's of the Spores of the type speci- men Of 2.-giveuew (hig si i lars we punctulate, warted, Spore surface with meandering ridges. The subsectional type | Species, therefore, violates the sectional eireumseriptions consequently the subsection must be removed from the section. see no. 7 below. — —— 5. Section Serobteulati was originally described by Singer (1945) within Tylopilus, but later (Singer, 1975) was transferred to Porphyrellus.. Studies of the type specimen of P. econteus reveal the pileus cuticle as a gelatinizing trichodermium (Fig's. 6, 7, 8,) and the spores (Pie ..°0 ices ad Fig's. 1-5. SEM's of Porphyrellus spores. Fig. 1. P. tristis, X5640. Fig's. 2, 4. P. longtpes, X6040. Fig. 3. P. visetdus X6000. Fig. 5. B. dietyotus, X5934. 156 Fig's. 6-9. Photomicrographs and an SEM of Porphyrettlus. Fig's. 6, 7, 8. P. conteus trichodermium; gelatinizing elements (arrow); a = nontrichodermial areas; all X200. Figs 02) 22 conteus spore, X3144. Uewd Fig's. 10-13. SEM's of Porphyrellus spores. Pigis.4 10, ll. ©. gractite. XS4005, 43/26. SEIG es lca. P. niveus, X5600, X5360. 158 smooth. According to Singer (1945), the context reacts Strongly. to KOH, 6. The circumscription of section Graciles as proposed by Singer (1945) is accepted as including the "perforate- punctate" spore surface, and SEM's of the type specimen of P. gracilis (Fig"s. 10. 11) show the spore ornamentastonmes : DE TeEXaeciriby §So. i. We accept the limits of subsection suo; a0 077 established by Singer (1962, 1970, 1975). SEM's from an authentic Murrill specimen of P.. subflavidus (Piss. 15,. 16) show spores that are heavily punctate with bprosa meandering ridges. Grand & Moore (1971) presented data on P. subflavidus showing the same ornamentation pattern as presented here. 8. In describing Boletus subgenus Austroboletus, Corner (1972) indicated that it was taxonomically synonymous with Porphyrellus section Graciles. SEM's of the spores of the type specimen of B..dtetyotus (Fig. 5) show the sporee to be punctate with broad meandering ridges. Singer (1975) considered Boletus subgenus Austroboletus synonymous with the genus Porphyrellus. DISCUSSION SEM studies of spore morphology of type specimens of the several type species of these supraspecific taxa have fur— nished data previously unreported. These data make some taxonomic and nomenclatural revisions necessary. Section Pseudotyloptlt and its subsection Visetdint are taxonomically and nomenclaturally acceptable taxa as described by McNabb (1968) and Singer (1975). MTypification of section Pseudotyloptlt subsection Niveitni with P. niveus (which has warted, punctulate spores) violates the circum- scription (smooth spores) of the section. Porphyrellus ntveus belongs in section Graciles subsection Subflavidint on the basis of spore and fruitbody characters, and such 2 transfer of a type species renders subsection Wivetnt synony- mous with section Graectles subsection Subflavidint. Section Trtstes would be synonymous with (and the name superfluous to) section Porphyrellus were it not for the rugulose-punctate nature of the spore surface. Because the spore and stipe characters of Py trtstvs fi tae circum scription of section Gractlis subsection Gracilini, these two taxa are considered synonymous. Boletus longtpes Massee is the basionym of the correct name of the type species of section [ritstes (see above) and we propose the following new combination. 159 Fig's. 14-16. SEM's of Porphyrellus spores. Fig's. 14, 15, 16. P. subflavidus, X6440, X5240, X3640. Porphyrellus longtpes (Massee) Wolfe & Petersen, comb. nov. Basionym: Boletus ltongtpes Massee. 1909. Kew Bull. COCO: = OU, = Porphyrellus tristts (Pat. & Baker) Singer. 1945. Harwiowia, 22 e008. = Boletus trtstts Patouillard &£ Baker, 101¢. ee Straits. Branch Roy. /Asiatvicwsocs 17o: anon The nature of the cuticle and smooth spores of the type Species of section Serobiculat? indicate this sections being closely related to section Pseudotylopilt. The context reactivity to KOH and pileus surface are nevertheless sufficient to separate these two sections. Because the sectional diagnostic characters of the type Species of Boletus subgenus Austroboletus Corner and Porphy- reltus section Gractles Singer are contaxic, we consider these supraspeci fic taxa’ to be synonymous. A realligned taxonomic scheme is now proposed in Li eh of the new data obtained from our studies of the types of Supraspecific taxa of Porphyrellus, and is summarized in Taole, Eis SPECIMENS EXAMINED P. contcus (Rav. apud Berk. & Curtis) Singer: FH - "(2929); Boletus econteus; ad terram humidi in Pinetis, Julio 1849; Santee Canal, S.C.; Ravenel (1024)" Holotype. B. dtietyotus (Boedijn) Corner: BO - "Herb. Hort. Bot. Bog.; no. 15054; Boletaceae, Boletus, Vindplaats: Eiland, Java; Plaats; Tjiseureuh; 29.1x.1935" Holotype. P. gractlis (Peck) Singer: NYS - "Coll. N.Y. State. Garrisons, Thurman, and Greig; Leg. C. H. Peck" Holotype. P. longtpes (Massee) Wolfe & Petersen: K - "Ex. Herb. Hort. Bot. Reg. Kew.; Ridley 81; Singapore" Herbarium sheet H345/77.1. Holotype. P. ntveus (G. Stevenson) McNabb: K - "Herb. Bot. Reg. Kew; Totaranui headland, New Zealand; 12.4.1955. G. Cone 978" Herbarium Greta Stevenson Cone. K. Herbarium sheet no. H2018.76.3. Holotype. P. subflavidus (Murrill) Singer. NY - "Gainesville, Fla.; 7-11-38; Coll. & Det. West, Arnold, & Murrill" Authentic specimen; holotype specimen misplaced at FLAS. P. trtstis (Pat. & Baker) Singer: FH - "4995; Boletus tristis; Botanic Gardens, Singapore. Solitary among decaying leaves in jungle. C. F. Baker; Aug. '17" Holotype. Lo TAB TS ie Proposed taxonomic scheme within Porphyrellus Poupnure View Gid bert sy Losi es solete. Paris. pe 00. 127: 575.1 1918 (ISOINPE of. L. hicortae Whetz... lloydia.6: 35.40.9439 nomn subnud. | a. On stromatised hulls of Carya ovata. Wood along east shore, Cayuta Lake, New York. b. On potato-dextrose agar (harvested 4.I1II.1939). leg:-H.H.Whetzel °(S1393), W.L. White & al. OF IX 21938 Nec. Ke P. Dumont DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 34. Lambertella jgasmtnt Seaver, Whetzel §& Dumont tn Dumont, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 75. 1971. ISOTYPE On potato-dextrose agar, from fruits of Jasminum gracile. Collected by J.M.Waterston in Walsingham, Bermuda, 18.VII. LOA. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Leg: H.H.Whetzel (S1480) Sle LE 9o42 Det HoH. WwW: 190 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 35. Lamberteltla mtcrospora (Seaver) Dumont, Mycologia 66: 1040. 1974. [= L. palltdispora Dumont, Mem. New York BOt. (Gard) 22:7 112a 1971. ISORARAINRE] On sheathing base of a palm frond. Inland from west bank of Rio Mamoré, Bolivia, across river from Abuna, Brazil. Leg: K.P.Dumont (388), G.T.Prance, 9.VII.1968 L.G.Farias & L.F.Coelho DetoukepepD: DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 36. Lambertella ? mtcrospora (Seaver) Dumont, Mycologia 66: 1040. 1974. On leaf blades of Turpinta formosana. Along Bai-bue-tze River, Experimental Forest, Ta-Shui-Che, Chin-Shui-Kou, Taiwan. NOTES: Dumont (Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 117. 1971) reported this species (as L. pallidispora Dumont) from the Philippines. This collection differs somewhat in the lack of distinctive hairs and the enlarged excipular cells recalling Moellerodiscus. KXK.P.D. leo? Rae. Kin kK. PaDumont).G.k.C Wang 28.111.1966 DeEtc NPD. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 37. Lambertella minutula (Whetzel) Dumont, Mycologia 67: 320. 1975. ISOTYPE [= Coprotinitaiminucula Whetza} On dung of some animal. Woods about north bog, Malloryville, New York. NOTES: What Dumont (loc. att.) calls sty Oa eee free cells'"' I would term "thick-walled hairs with oily contents.'"' R.P Leer Hel. Whetzel. (S1533s) 22 °V ELS? Det: H.H.W. Lot DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 38. Lanzta ltongtpes, (Cke.. & Peck inrCke. ). Dumont & Kor£ Phekort. GuGrutt,. Mycotaxon: 7160. 1978, On petioles of Fraxitnus americana overwintered on ground. Coy Glen, Ithaca, New York. egw. H.Whetzel G W-Lawrence White 22rd LOS) DeGoe her ok. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 39. Lanzta luteo-virescens (Rob. tn Desmaz.) Dumont §& Korf aa Kort G Gruff, Mycotaxon 7: 185. 1978. One petioles sand veins of Acer -sp. McGowan's Woods, Ithaca, New York. beg KepoDumont (137) G& J.K. Rogers TOUx. L968 Det: RiP..K. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 40. Martitntnta panamaensts Dumont & Korf, Mycologia 62: 609. 1970 [= Martitnta panamaensts Whetz., nom. tlle- Gie. |= Po0lN PE On potato-dextrose agar from Martin's cultures isolated from bark collected by G.W.Martin (4175) about 3 km east of Canal Zone, Arraigan:, Panama, ‘om ss Vill 1957. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Leg: H.H.Whetzel 4.V1I.1942 Det: HeHow. 192 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 41. Montltnta seavert (Rehm) Honey, Amer. J. Bot. 23: 105. 1936). On mummified fruits of Prunus serottina. Camp Fortune area, Gatineau Park ».Quebec: Keo aa Groves. sshewla Go Thomson LS UV Se Lynn K.Arnason (56-35) Detain aGs DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 42. Montlinta vaccintt-corymbost (Reade) Honey, Amer. J. Bote Ott tO oe OG, On berries of Vaecetntum corymbosum. Malloryville, New York. bee, Ey" Durand. (2250) LUV eb S08 Det enn. ks DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 43. Myrtosclerotintia cartcets-ampullacea (Nyberg) Buchwald, TPeS amor PoC Os y On Carer wagers. Below Nash Fork Bridge, 9600 ft., University of Wyoming Science Camp, Albany County, Wyoming. Leg: W.G.Solheim (7318) & R.Solheim DTV koa Det WG sae LIS DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 44. Myrtosclerotinta longtsclerottalts (Whetzel) Buchwald, Kongl. Veterinaer- og Landbohgjskoles Aarsskr. 1949: 156. 1949. ISOPARATYPE On Carex pratrea. Swamp in field southwest of shack, Lloyd-Cornell Preserve, McLean, New York. Leg: H.H.Whetzel (S312), Westcott §& Bodger 24 Ni LOZG Det: Tighe W. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 45. Myrtosclerotinta setrptcola (Rehm) Buchwald, Friesia 3: 2965, 1947. On Setrpus lacustris. Shore of Lyngby Sg, Lyngby S6, Denmark. Apothecia collected 3-15.V1I.1930; spermodochia 13.VII.1930. Leg: H.H.Whetzel (E84) Dee. ti. . Ws DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 46. Poculum pettolorum (Rob. tn Desmaz.) Dumont §& Korf tekoriTnG. Grurt, Mycotaxon Wi 185-419 78) On overwintered leaves of Quereus alba. Road along east side of Cayuta Lake, New York. Leg: Whetzel, White, Viégas § Thomson Pox el OS6 Det We. Le Whate 194 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 47. Seavertnia gerantt (Seaver & Shope) Whetz., Mycologia 37: 705. 1945. [AUTHENTIC, TOPOTYPE of Sclerotinia gerantt Seaver & Shope] On rootstocks of Gerantum maculatum. Van Cortlandt Park, Bronx, New York City, New York. Leg: H.H.Whetzel (S60), Seaver §& Hopkins Le Vado bs Det ks, seaver DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 48. Septotinta podophyllina Whetz. tn Groves §& Elliott, Canad ds) Bots 15922227. 196l)-y OONPE On Podophyllum peltatum. Labrador Lake, New York. Leg: H.H.Whetzel ($1219), F.L.Drayton & al. 5 VeLeS6 Det: H.H.W. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 49. Stromattnia rapulum (Bull. ex Mérat : Fr.) Boud., Hist. classific. discomy. Europe, p. 108. 1907. [ISOTYPE of Selerotinta smitlactnae E.Durand, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29: 462. 1902.] On dead rootstocks of Polygonatum in rich humus. Fall Creek, Ithaca, New York. NOTES: Durand (loc. ctt.) erroneously identified the host as Smtlacina race- mosa. Though the combination Stromatinia rapulum is credited to Boudier in synonymy by Rehm (Rabenh., Krypt.-Fl. 1(3)[(40]: 823. 1893), and it also is so given on plate 478 and its accompanying list by Boudier (Icon. mycol., livr. 2, IX.1904), the generic name had not been published at those times. Stroma- tinta was only a subgeneric epithet from 1885 to 1907. R.P.K. Leo? bd. Durana | (iho) Lay Uae Det2 K.P Ks Los DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 50. Verpatinta calthicola Whetzel, Mycologia 37: 692. 1945. ISOTYPE On overwintered petioles of Caltha palustrts. Swamp north of Woods Road, Labrador Lake, New York. Leg: Whetzel (S1319) §& Viégas 2S Nee LOU Det: Whetzel §& Viégas DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 51. Anthracobta macrocystts (Cke.) Boud., Hist. classific. dS colijen LULOpe, 6p. .05.. L907. On burned log. Along road running from Forestry Campus to Mud Springs, Mt. Makiling, Los Bafios, Luzon, Philippines. Leg: K.P.Dumont & G.L.Dumont 272 EOOG Dette RP. Kh, DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS D2 Ascopolus jurfuraceus Pers.ex Hook. 1. scot. 22053). Loh id RA era a gts On cow dung. Pasture near Lloyd-Cornell Preserve, McLean, New York. Des RaP ake. De O58 Detr Kak. 196 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 53. Byssonectrta fustspora (Berk.) Rogerson § Korf tn Korf, Phy tcorocia wis, 202 Lori. On) Ssorimunder “pine”. Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee. NOTES: This specimen has the basal hyphae that Svrcek (Cesk4 Myk. 23: 83-96. 1969) uses to distinguish B. aggregata (Berk. 4 Br.) Rogerson 4 Korf in Korf, but presently I accept Rifai's synonymy (Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect., 57(3): 198. 1968). R.P.K. Leg: T.H.Campbell VACA TG hs Fx, DOGraR ernie DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 54. Chetlymenta coprinartia (Cke.)) Bouds; Hist) elassivire: discomy .huropeJsmp. Oo2 LOOs. On porcupine dung. Chatfey's Locks, Ontario. Reoce helo k. 282171958 De tens. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 55. Chetlymenta theleboloides (Alb. & Schw. ex Pers..:.br.) Boud® acon mycol.5 Viltivi. Alsen. OUm =. 9) Oflu emp tee 380], 1904. On cow dung. Estaté of Mr. St. Pierre Du Bose, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Leg: W.C.Denison (1674) FIX ALO5S Deter W. Gane roy DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 56nucChetlymenta thelebolotdes \(Alb.4Gischw. ex Pers, . Fr.) Boulds.elcons mycol,, livery viel o0s =) OMaecs apie 380], 1904. On cow dung. Test Gardens, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Leg: M.A.Rosinski, R.A.Shoemaker § R.P.K. LSet Vb Tele 155 Det: sherk. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS BS umCooKe nareurcipes: (Berk }) Os Kuntze} Rev.nGens Pla 2% 849. 1891. One sor le Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica. NOTES: There is a distinct gel layer in the ectal excipulum. I was clearly wrong (Korf, im Ainsworth, G.C. & al. [eds.], The Fungi 4A: 265. 1963) in assuming the absence of such a layer in true Cookeinae. R.P.K. Leg: W.C.Denison (1906) Pee Vere LOG2 Detect. GUR.P. kK. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 58. Fimarta cervarta (Phillips tn Stevenson) Brumm., Persoonia 225252501962. On deer dung. Lost Gorge, Stage 7, Alpine, New York. ber lomonteG. Re P ok. 7268 Deter aks Kh: 198 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 59. Helvella acetabulum (L. ex St.-Amans : Fr.) Quél., ENChiGtid.wtUn?..,4p. 82/0. Lesd. On ground in mixed woods. Queen's University Biological Station, Lake Opinicon, Ontario. Leg: W.B.Kendrick 9.VIZL9I6S Det; J.W.Groves DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 60. delvella-macropue (Pers y ex; Gray. (7 Fro karsi. 3 Nou. Ssalisk,. Fauna, Fiz; Fenn. Forh., 11: «224. [870% On ground among pine needles. Queen's University Biological Station, Lake Opinicon, Ontarro:. Leg: J.W.Groves 12. VIE ISCr Decee hob ek. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 61. Jafnea fustcarpa (Gerard) Korf, Nagaoa 7: 5. 1960. On humus. Six Mile Creek, Ithaca, New York. Lege ce d.worand: (L575) 29: Vi ie toO2 Detcr iia el)s 199 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 62. Jafnea semttosta (Berk. & Curt. tm Berk.) Korf, Nagaoa Jarl O00), On moist soil. Fish hatchery on Judd Falls Road, Ithaca, New York. begat. “Kuss G K.P Dumont ZO SIX. 1965 DERE Rat ak. Gik..P..D, DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 63. Jafnea semttosta (Berk. §& Curt. tn Berk.) Korf, Nagaoa fea SOUs On sandy loam soil, under fallen leaves. Kansas University Natural History Reserve, Kansas. Leg: L.R.Batra (1849) 16.X.1962 DetcaLahb. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 64. Jafneadelphus asperulus Rifai var. asperulus, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect., BS) Ole 968. On burnt over ground under Eucalyptus. About seven miles from Carlisle on Colac Road, Australia. Leg: G.Beaton 14IX31968 PCE ee, he 200 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 65. Jafneadelphus ferrugineus (Phill. tn Cke.) Rifai ssp. tmatt (Korf) Rifai, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect., 57(3): 90. 1968. ISOTYPE of Jafnea tmatt Korf. Onedutt. Between Kiyomizu Temple and Maruyama Park, Kyoto, Kyoto Pref., Honshu, Japan. Leg: S.Imai, M.Hamada, T.Hongo & R.P.K. VID AES 557) DEGisikhe mks DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 66. Lamprospora macracantha (Boud.) Seaver, North Am. Cup- Fungi (Oper:) ; p. 65.2. 1928, fas: ?macrantha On soil in woods by road. Connecticut Hill, near Ithaca, New York. Leg: W.C.Denison (1208) §& family VIN SI956 Det: RARE Ki ease C267 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 67. Lamprospora ovaltspora (Svr. & Kub.) Eckbl., Nytt Mag. BOtre ore eel JOO. On mossy soil. Mt. Toby State Forest, Massachusetts. Leg: M.Christensen, J.W.Kimbrough, 25. MI os R.T.Moore §& R.P.K. Det: Pinker so. G.Ge 201 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 68. Octospora leucoloma Hedw. ex Gray, Nat. arr. Brit. pl. ieee OOs se 1 O2d. SPY. On soil among mosses. Just_north of San Andrés-at km mark 17.8, Hierro, Canary Islands. Heke Rerogel.. Grieiennebert Gq: boMskohn Rene Onar: Det Ragak. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 69 Pezi2a endocarpotdes Berk. tm Hook. £., Fl. Nov. Zeal, Demi 99 1855" [="Pitcaria letocarpa (Curr, ) —Boud: | On soil under needles in Pinus woods. Burn site along road below Poiso, toward Monte, at km mark 10.5 from Funchal, Madeira. Der seR Pkt. R. Fogel, G.L,Hennebert & L.M. Kohn Poe oiey, Deter hh Kk. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 70. Seutellinta geneospora (Berk.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2596. 1891. On Cryptomerta japonica log and on soil. Woods near railroad at 1000 m elev., Kagoshima-ken, Yaku Island, Japan. NOTES: This is the type species of Geneosperma Rifai (Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect., 57(3): 102. 1968), possibly a good genus. The ascospore follicle is remarkable and deserves EM study! R.P.K. eon hKObavasd.« ©. lubaki -G (RwPaK. 20x E964 Det: R.P.K. §& Marcelle Le Gal 202 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 71. Cenangtum atropurpureum Cash & Davidson, Mycologia 32: 734. 1940. On Pinus ponderosa. Hamilton, Massachusetts. Leg: P.Spaulding & J.R.Hansbrough 4.V1 +1928 (Forest Path. 45641) DG Crom Rape oN eg gus up. Ge DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 126 Conang um jerruginosum Fr. ex Fr., Syst. mycolwez arse e223 On Pinus strobus. Hector Land Use area, Lodi, New York. L.M.Kohn §& M.A.Sherwood TIEANAEST > Paks Detarle Meeks DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 73. Phtbatve fasetcularte (Alby. & -Schwi seu Fr. Wa ine Crypt. Germ 227447 318355 On living Populus tremulotdes. Lloyd-Cornell Preserve, McLean, New York. Leg: Mycology Class 22% Ve LOOT DE tT Retr. 203 DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS JAmrnebalirs pinastri. (Cke:. & Peck 27 Cke.) Korf 4 Kohn, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 28: 115. 1976. [= Cenangtum acuum Cke. & Peck tn Cke. § Ellis] On needles of Pinus restnosa. Gate Mill, Ohio. Leg: J.R.Hansbrough (Forest Path. 81737) Z29.1V 1936 Det: Reeak. DISCOMYCETES EXSICCATI DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY RICHARD P. KORF & SUSAN C. GRUFF, EDITORS 75. Phtbalts prutnosa (Ell. & Everh.) Kohn & Korf tm Korf & Kohn, ‘Mem. New York: Bot. Gard. 28: 111. 1976. On trunk of standing Populus cfr. deltotdes. Lower Creek Road near Etna, Ithaca, New York. Recrmie MenO0n where ke gs LeocdsZ Ta MeeLGES MEte me we G rhs teh. REFERENCE CITED KORF, R. P. 1955. Discomyceteae exsiccatae, Fasc. I. Mycologia 46: 837-841. '1954,! MYCOTAXON Voi. Vile Nom ya pine 20452 08 JULy= Sep tembe ysl oe STUDIES ON DIMARGARITACEAE (MUCORALES) I. TIEGHEMIOMYCES AND DISPIRA FROM INDIA Py GC. MISRA AND ON. No GUPTA Department of Botany, University of Gorakhpur Gorakh puree 730.015, ieee enn ta SUMMARY In this first paper of a series on Dimargaritaceae, three species - Tieghemtomyces parasiticus Benjamin, Disptra stm- plex Benjamin and Disptra cornuta van Tieghem - are reported for the first-time from India. The family Dimargaritaceae was established by Benjamin (1959) to include four genera of merosporangiferous Mucor- ales: Sptnattra Vuillemin, Demargarts van TLieshnéem, Dien van Tieghem and Ttieghemiomyces Benjamin. At present, one species of Spinalta, seven species of Dimargarits, three species of Disptra and two species of Tieghemtomyces are re- cognized (Benjamin, 19665 Hesseltine andebliis 1972) een een the exception of Dtspira simplex, which parasitizes Chaerouc— um, the species included in the Dimargaritaceae are parasites or facultative parasites of other Mucorales. They produce two-spored merosporangia and have septate hyphae with septa containing median plugs. The sporangiophores range from sim- ple > topvery complex and their morphology forms thesbasi sae. the separation of genera. The zygospores, where known, are borne between undifferentiated hyphae and are globose, hya- line and punctate. Of the four genera of Dimargaritaceae, only Dimargaris has so far been reported from India (Mehrotra and (Badal. @196 45 31 964-)). A recent study of the coprophilous Mucorales of Gorakh- pur, U.P., has led to the isolation of several members of the Dimargaritaceae. Their occurrence in Gorakhpur is of consi- derable interest in view of the observation made by Hessel- tine and Ellis (1973) that this family, together with the re- lated family Kickxellaceae, may represent geographical isola- tion in arid regions since most of the species have been found in the Southern California area. The district of Gorakhpur is situated in the sub-tropi- cal zone and occupies the extreme north-east corner of Uttar Pradesh, Itistands in’ 26°5") and. 27°29") north aatitudesane 83°4' and 84°26' east longitude at a height of about 95 m a- bove sea level. The climate of Gorakhpur is monsoonal having a hot and dry summer, a wet and warm rainy season, followed by a cool winter. The total annual rainfall is about 1,120 205 mm. The mean relative humidity during rainy, winter and sum- MeresecasOnse 1s) / o>) 66 “and349) per cents erespective ly. Por the iwsolation of fungi, Samples of mouse dung col- lectedetrom f1relds were placed intovaseptic moist chambers prepared by moistening several thicknesses of filter paper dises, in petri dishes (Benjamin, 1959). .The dung pellets weremopserved trequently fora. pervod of 2-35 weeks’ for the development of desired fungi. Attempts were made to bring the species into pure or two membered culture on Yeast ex- trogtesolubilerstarch agar (Ypss: “Benjamin, 1959). Miechissrirst. paper of a series on species, 04 Damargarni- tacere sone! Species) 0h Tieghemiomyces and, two Of Wreepira are Tepoycedstor the first, time: from: Indie, TIEGHEMIOMYCES PARASITICUS Benjamin PEGs 1 Nitee. 5: li. 196), Colonies on Cokeromyces recurvatus on YpSs dirty white in color. Sporophores erect, septate, 2-3 mm high, with main axis 8-13 uy in diam, each bearing three fertile branches one above the other on the same side immediately below three of themsepta at a height of 400-800 u from the base. FPertijle branches lacking sterile prolongations, subverticillately branched, with a main axis bearing one or two series of branchlets arising below the septa; main axis of fertile branches composed of 2-4 superposed cells constricted at Uieiwaisepia, with basal cell 11-23 x 8-14 u3) the ultimate sporiferous branchlets composed of 1-3 superposed cells bear- ing distal whorls of 2-spored merosporangia. Spores ovoid to ei soid). 4-460 2.55.0 us remaining dry «tumaturi ty. Zygospores not seen. Isolated from mouse dung collected from wheat field, Na- Cala vil lace, Gorakhpur, UlP., January 1976" (PCM 563) and’ De- cember 1977 (PCM 609). Both isolates showed very restricted growth on Cokeromyces recurvatus on YpSs. Tteghemtomyces parasitteus has been known only from the Original description, by Benjamin (1961), of an isolate from Mouse saune collected an Lliinois (U.S-A..). DISPIRA SIMPLEX Benjamin EeUGy 2 32 Ailirso4 587" 1959, Golonies on mouse dung dirty white in color, Sporo- Dhoreswerect. septate, aup 40, 2:75) mm hie with main axis) 6>10 u wide near the middle, bearing 2-4 fertile branches at a heiohtsot 6005900 +n from the base.” Hertale branches at first severalytames ‘branched, “with each division sympodially branched forming angular axes and having at each node a ster- tlesbranchlet, a-fertile branchlet, and a, branch which .contin- eS =the axis. Sterile branchlets flexuous, simple of) l-sep- PocCeeo-7 0 urlone., (2.55575 wowilde ats theubpase, cradualiy tar perang to W.5-1..0. 1 wider at 'the tips Fertile branchlets. re- Curved 250-467 Long, 225-3585: pewiderin (the: niddies bearing ace the tip 2-5 sporiferous branchlets formed successively by budding. Sporiferous branchlets not subtended by vesicles, A 1A 5 x 5a7 4, composedj.of twos Light] ycoveidalacel Mss bean- 206 ing distal whorls of 2-spored merosporangia; the terminal parts of the merosporangia developing by apical budding from the’ basal. - Spores. subglobose to Ovoid, (520-47 05.82 3 ae remaining dry at maturity. JZygospores not seen. Isolated from mouse dung collected from groundnut field, Nagara village, Gorakhpur, U.R.;, February 1970." it) couldenae be brought into pure or two-membered culture on agar media. Dispira simplex was described by Benjamin (1959) from several specimens observed on mouse and rat dung collected from California, and was subsequently shown to be parasitic on Chaetomium (Benjamin, 1961). Indoh (1965) reported this species from Japan growing on Mucor sp. and Circinella sp. DISPIRA CORNUTA van Tieghem PilGe <5 Ann. Sci) Nat. *BOt <<, S617 6: Vine lO Dees 7 oe Colonies on Cokeromyces recurvatus on YpSs white in col- or. Sporophores erect, septate, up to 5 mm high, bearing 2-5 fertile branches) at a height -of 2-3 tim: fromthe Dasie= ger tile branches sympodially branched forming spirally coiled main axes bearing laterally 5-14 fertile branchlets andjii- nally terminating in a slender, septate, sterile prolongation 2-3 mm long and 3.0-5.0 » wide. Fertile branchlets recurved, septate, bearing laterally 1-3 sterile branchlets and termi- nated by globose fertile heads 27-48 » in diam. Sterile branchlets recurved or slightly coiled, 40-100 w long, 276- 5.7 wu in diam at the base, narrowly attenuated, once or twice septate. Fertile heads composed of globose vesicles 11.4- 15.2 u in diam bearing sporiferous branchlets all over their surface, ‘Sporiferous#branchlets 7.0-9.2) x) 3-4-4" Of reom. posed of two subequal cells bearing distal whorls of 2-spored merosporangia. Spores elongate-ovoid, 3.4-5.7 x 1.7-2.8 u. Spore heads remaining dry. Zygospores not seen. Isolated from mouse dung collected from a wheat field, Nagara village, Gorakhpur, U.P., March 1976 (PGMrSe7d, = RSA 2173). The isolate grew well on Cokeromyces recurvatus on YpSs. The species was subsequently seen several times on mouse dung collected from various localities of Gorakhpur. Ditsptra cornuta is known from France (van Tieghem, 1875: Bainier, 1906), ‘England (Elliott)2926)), Chinay(Gu, 1940), Japan (Indoh, 1965), Java (Boedijn, 1958) and North America (Thaxter, 1895: Ayers, 1933, 1955; Benjamingstoson. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Dr. R. K. Benjamin for examining a culture of Di- sptra cornuta, Dr. J. J. Ellis for providing a culture of Cokeromyces re- curvatus, and Dr. R. W. Embree for reviewing the manuscript. The work FIG. 1. Tteghemtomyces parastttcus, fertile region of sporophore, x 300. FIG. 2. Disptra simplex, a portion of sporophore with two fertile branch systems, x 330. FIG. 3. Dtsptra cornuta, upper portion of sporophore, x 350. 207 Mita AMD L LANA DILLARD ADELA DL LL DLL . “HUARD SRS RESON LP SLL LLL LALLA EAL ALL LLLLLALANLA BRASS AL ALAM tibile 208 was supported by grant No. F.23-613/77 (SR.II) from the U.G.C., India. IIE IMI SNA Oa) XG IEAM ID, AYERS, T.T. 1933. Growth of Ditsptra cornuta in artificial culture. My- cologia 25: 333-341. AYERS, T.T. 1935. Parasitism of Dispira cornuta. Mycologia 27:0235-26), BAINIER, G. 1906. Mycothéque de 1'Ecole de Pharmacie. - VII. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Prance?2z2: 215-215. BENJAMIN, R.K. 1959. The merosporangiferous Mucorales. Aliso 4: 321- 433. BENJAMIN, R.K. 1961. Addenda to 'The merosporangiferous Mucorales.' Aliso”. os) 11-19. BENJAMIN, R.K. 1966. The merosporangium. Mycologia 58: 1-42. BOEDIJN, K.B. 1958. Notes on the Mucorales of Indonesia. Sydowia, Ann. Mycol. ser? Tis. 2230321362, ELLIOTT, JESSIE’ S; -BAYEISS. 11926. ~Three fungivampertecti. J Botesos: 105-108. HESSELTINES, G2W.,°G J.J. BELIS 21973. Mucoraies.. J Ainsworth. Grocer F.K. Sparrow & A.S. Sussman [eds.], The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise. Vol. IV B. Academic Press, New York §& London. INDOH, H. 1965. Notes on Japanese Mucorales II. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Ja- pan 5: 60-64. MEHROTRA, B.A., §& USHA BAIJAL. 1963. A new species of Dimargarts from India. Can. J. Bot. ‘47: 499-502. MEHROTRA, B.S., & USHA BAIJAL. 1964. Dimargarts verttctllata Benjamin var. xerosportca var. nov. and Dimargaris stmplex sp. nov. from India. Zentralbl., Bakt., Parasitenk., Infectionskr. und Hygiene, II Abt., Liga Dilek Ti OU,(S.H;. 19402 Phycomycetes: of China 1. .Sinensiai7 = 35-575 THAXTER, R. 1895. New or peculiar American Zygomycetes. 1. Disptra. Bot... Gaz. 20> Sl3=s18. van TIEGHEM, P. 1875. Nouvelles recherches sur les Mucorinées. Ann. Sei. Nat... Bote, Serr e691 2 Co-lo. MYCOTAXON VOdrmvall NO. 27 6Dp.a 209-215 July-September 1978 TYPE STUDIES IN THE GENUS PEZIZA III. OPERCULATE DISCOMYCETES COLLECTED BY W. R. GERARD Donald H. Pfister Farlow Reference Library and Herbartum of Cryptogamte Botany, Harvard Untverstty, Cambridge, Mass. 02188 The following is a continuation of my type studies of Peztza species. In this article species described by Wil- liam Ruggles Gerard are discussed, as are collections made by Gerard and described by M. C. Cooke. I am indebted to the Directors and Curators of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the New York Botanical Gar- den for the loan of specimens. Peztza atrovinosa Cooke, Bull. Buffalo Acad. Sci. 2: Doom ero aN cosraphiawp. 1130. .fi0..225. 18/6.8ut a. Gerard: ipmaGerardia Cooke,” Sace. Syll. Fung. 6: 33.) 1689. = Aleurtna atrovinosa (Cooke) Seaver, North American cup-fungi (operculates). p. 101. 1928. Galactinta atrovinosa (Cooke) Le Gal, Bull. Soc. Mvcol-errance 676-4 20/50 L902 = Peziza chlamydospora Ell. & Ev., Bull. Torrey Bot. Chub?ié 37/98. .1883 [= Galactinta cristulata Le Gal, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. II, 8: 98. 1947. a nomen nudum] Apothecia gregarious to cespitose, medium sized 2.5 - 5 em, sessile or with a very short stipe. Disc concave, smooth, pale brown or smoky color, when dry, black to black- ish brown, sometimes olivaceous. Receptacle saucer-shaped or cupulate, margin entire, sometimes contorted by mutual pressure, outer surface generally black when dry. The excipulum is composed of large subglobose to pyriform cells 10-30 um diam, these are often and regularly interspersed with septate hyphae 5 - 7 um in diam; toward the outer surface the cells become angular or compressed and are oriented in a somewhat parallel fashion, cells of the outer- most layer elongate to form short hairs which sometimes produce a pustulate appearance. Subhymenium of angular cells. Hymenium about 200 - 230 um thick. Asci cylindri- cal, apex blued in Melzer's reagent, 200 - 260 x 10 - 12un, 210 8-spored. Ascospores uniserriate, biguttulate, ellipsoidal, at first hyaline and smooth-walled, but soon covered with yellow to brown ridges and warts which anastomose to form an irregular reticulum, in some cases an apiculus develops at each end of the spore. The markings reach a height of 2um. Spores 12 - 13 x 7 - 8 um, excluding markings. Paraphyses rather stout, septate unbranched, yellowish, 3 - 4 um diam below, apex enlarged to 7 um. On soil in woods, sometimes with mosses on wood. The two descriptions, published within a year of each other are essentially the same. There is some confusion over specimens which should be clarified. In the original description Cooke cites the collection as from Ellis, New Jersey. This he later corrected (Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 3: 21. 1875) to state Gerard, New York. Rifai has selected a Gerard specimen in Kew (2227) as lectotype. This specimen is from Poughkeepsie, New York. Peztza rettderma Cooke, also a North American species, is closely related. I have not yet examined the holotype in Kew, however, descriptions by Le Gal (1953) and Rifai (1968) of the species agree with several collections in the Farlow Herbarium. The spores of P. rettderma are smaller, ~ tend to be more grossly marked, and more regularly ellipsoid than those of P. atrovinosa. It appears to be a species which has tropical affinities. Le Gal described it from Madagascar; Rifai described it from New Zealand. Also related to these species is a third one Aleurina stipttata Cash from Panama (isotype, FH). In A. sttpttata the spores are also small. They are marked with very large warts which rarely anatomose. Additionally, the apothecium has a short stipe. Peztza atrovinosa, to date, is known only from North America. In Europe Peztza ostracoderma Korf has often been confused with P. atrovinosa. The two differ in apothecial anatomy and in the form of ornamentation of the ascospores. Peztza fustcarpa Gerard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 4: oye tho dee = Lachnea fustearpa (Gerard) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 1595 #1389: Seutellinta fustearpa (Gerard) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. rare olen eae Roy aL Maeropodta fustcarpa (Gerard) Durand, J. Mycol. 72: 29° 2906. Jafnea fustcarpa (Gerard) Korf, Nagaoa 7: 5. 1960. 241 This is the type species of the genus Jafnea. a Peztza gerardtt Cooke, Mycographia J: 26, fig. 44. = Leucoloma gerardit (Cooke) Lamb., Fl. Mycol. Belg. SUPPL. vires loy P1567. Humarta gerardit (Cooke) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 150. 1889. Humarina gerardtt (Cooke) Seav., North American cup-fungi (operculates). p. 138. 1928. = Galactinta gerardit (Cooke) Banhegyi, Borbdsia 2: TOO ee LOA0. = Pezitza tonella Quél., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 24: azo. 1877. =. Aleurta tonella (Quél.) Gill.,. Champ. Fr. Discom. Dain L619. Humarta tonella (Quél.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 8: 149. 1889. = Galacttnta tonella (Quél.) Boud., Hist. Class. Discon sdaecuG. 3p). .47., 21907; = Plicaria pedicellata Velen., Novit. Mycol. p. 198. 1940. Apothecia occurring abundantly, small, .5 to ./7 cm diam, subsessile or with a short stipe. Disc shallowly concave to discoid, smooth, vtolet when fresh, brownish when dried. Receptacle colored like the disc, shallow cupulate. Excipulum composed entirely of globose to angul- ar cells, 25 - 50 um in diam; toward the outer surface the cells become smaller, 10 - 15 um in diam, and occasionally, toward the margin, these smaller outer cells produce short, appressed, hyphoid hairs, 20 - 40 x 10 - 12 um. These hyphae are septate and blunt at the apex. Hymenium about 250 - 300 um thick. Asci cylindrical, the apical portion becoming diffusely blue in Melzer's reagent, 230 - 245 x 14 - 16 um, 8-spored without obvious croziers. Ascospores uniserriate or slightly overlapping, with 1, 2, 3 or many oil guttules, smooth, fusoid, 28 - 32 (-35) x 7 - 9 um. Paraphyses infrequently septate, unbranched, 3 - 4 um be- low, at the apex 5 um. On moist ground. I have followed Svréek (1976) in listing Pltcaria pedtcellata as a synonym. Peztza gerardit cannot easily be confused with other smooth-spored Pezizas. Its large, smooth, fusiform spores, and small, often stipitate, violet apothecia serve to dis- tinguish it. Though rarely collected, it is widely distri- buted. It is known from Europe and North America where it Hl Zale inhabits moist banks. The description above is based upon a study of the Gerard specimen at NY and upon a large collection in the von Héhnel Herbarium (FH) under the name Galactinia toneila. Peziza griseo-rosea Gerard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: SL. (88753 5Bull. BuffalowAcad.ccis see Sony ero. This species is apparently not often identified. The color of the hymenium (pale rosy then subochraceous) and the ornamentation and size of the ascospores distinguish it from Peztza howset Boud., with which it might easily be confused. In P. griseo-rosea the spores are 14 - 17 x 8 - 11 um and are ornamented with large, low warts which some- times anastomose. In contrast, the ascospores of P. howset are larger (19 - 22\'x 8 - 11 um fide Le Gal, 1942) and are marked with fine isolated warts. In both species the spores are biguttulate. The type, which is not well-preserved, does show that the exciple is composed largely of globose cells and that there are no pustules or warts on the outside. Specimens from North America which I tentatively identify as Peziza howset have well-developed pyrimidal warts on the outer surface. These warts are composed of globose cells. Peztza pulehra Gerard, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 64. VETS. = Geopyats pulchra (Gerard) «Sacc. j Syll. Pungasi2so>. 1889. This is a species of Geopyxts. Seaver (1928) placed it in the synonymy of Geopyxts vulcanalts (Peck) Sacc. Peztza scubalonta Cooke & Gerard, Grevillea 4: 92. 1889. = faehnea scubatonta (Cooke & Gerard), Sace., Syl. Fung. 1: 29 oe ol Soo: = Seutellinta scubalonta (Cooke & Gerard) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. .Pisi2c69.. (2891. Denison (1964) placed this name in the synonymy. of Chetlymenta stereorea (Pers. ex Fr.) Boud. a name which Maas Geesteranus (1969) determined was misapplied. He re- placed C. stercorea with C. ciliata (Bull. ex St-Amans) Maas G. Pezgiza scubalonta was synonymized with that species by Maas Geesteranus. I have not reexamined the specimen. Peztza trunetcomes Gerard in Cooke, Mycographia 7: 147, Pig e249 elo Lom This fungus might be tentatively referred to Peztza ampltata Pers. ex Pers. It occurs on rotten stumps. The 213 asci are J+. Ascospores are smooth and 13 - 15 x 8 - 9 um. The flesh seems to be composed of globose cells with no middle layer of interwoven hyphae. Neither Dennis (1968) nor Svrcek (1970) seem to resolve the problems of classi- fying the smooth-spored species of Peztza. LITERATURE CITED Denison, W. C. 1964. The genus Chetlymenta in North Amer- peas «Mycologianob: JiAS—/3/< Dennis, R. W. G. 1968. British Ascomycetes. Lehre, 455p, Diets L 7 pL Le Gal, M. 1941. Les Aleurta et les Galactinta. Rev. Myeol. (Paris) Suppl. 6: 56-82. - 1953. Les Discomycétes de Madagascar. Prodr. Flore Mycol. Madagascar 4: 1-465. . Maas Geesteranus, R. A. 1969. Studies in Cup-Fungi II. Proc... Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch.’, Ser. %C 72: 311-321. Pfister, D. H. 1977. Type studies in the genus Peziza. II. Operculate Discomycetes described by J. B. Ellis and co-authors. Mycotaxon 7: 97-101. Rifai, M. A. 1968. The Australasian Pezizales in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede SeClwg 10 tus 295% . Svréek, M. 1970. Uber einige Arten der Discomyzetengat- tung Peziza [Dill.] St-Amans. Ceska Mykol. 24: 57-77. . 1976. A-revision of species of the genus Pezgtza [Dill.] St-Amans, described by J. Velenovsky. I. Cesk4 Mykol. 30: 129-134. MYCOTAXON TYPE STUDIES IN THE GENUS PEZIZA LV. SPECIES DESCRIBED BY F. E. CLEMENTS. Donald H.- Piacter Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamtc Botany, Harvard Universtty, Cambridge, Mass. 02138 Under the genera Peziza [Dill.] L. ex St-—Amans, Plicarta Fuckel emend. Boud., Galactinta (Cooke) Boud., Iottdea Clem., Podaleurts Clem., and Heteroplegma Clem., F. E. Clements described several species of Peztza, prin- cipally from Nebraska and Colorado. The identity of these species is discussed in this paper. The specimens studied were kindly lent by the National Fungus Collection, Beltsville, MD. Several of the type collections have not been located and are presumed lost. Doctors Richard P. Korf and Harold J. Larsen have read the manuscript and have provided important comments. Peztsa brunneo-vinosa Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska 4: 8.. 1896. On sand in canyons of the Niobrara River, Keya Paha County, Nebraska, prt. Clements reported that the asci did not become blue in iodine but in the type collection there is a faint blue re- action. The spores of P. brunneo-vinosa are ornamented with low warts, rather than smooth as reported originally by Clements. The species seems closest to Peztza michelit (Boud.) Dennis in its ascospore ornamentation and hymenial color. Le Gal (1941) noted that there was a violet form found both in Spring and Havel. Heteroplegma caeruleum Clem., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club B03 922-1905. = Peziza caerulea (Clem...) Sacc.) 6a) Sace any eee 18: 20. 1906, non P. caeruled Bolt. ‘exalr., Syst.iMy come. S62) elS27e Ad terram udam umbrosamque, Dark Canon, Septembri, 18993) BPIe Zio This is the type species of the genus Heteroplegma Clem. Eckblad (1968) who did not see the specimen suggest— ed that Heteroplegma should be regarded as a synonym of Peztza. The specimen confirms Eckblad's supposition. Heteroplegma caeruleum shows a unique combination of characters which warrants recognition as a distinct species. Unfortunately, the epithet in Peziza is preoccupied. Should another available name for this species not be discovered during these type studies a new name will be necessary. The characteristics of the ascospores, the blue color at the base of the apothecium reported by Clements, and the pro- duction of a blue juice when damaged define the species. It may be closely related to P. santosa Fr. ex Shrad. and P. badto-fusea (Boud.) Dennis both of which produce blue juice when damaged. However, both of these species produce small apothecia and differ in ascospore size and ornamenta- tion. To Clements's description, the following supplementary comments may be added: The ascospores are 18 - 20 x 8.5 - 9 um, obscurely biguttulate, and very finely warted much as in Peztza badto-confusa Korf. In some cases the guttules seem to break apart and fill the ascospores with small re- fractive droplets. Pltearta chlorophysa Clem., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: SISe e903 =e feztsa chloropnyea <(Clem.) Sace. & D. Sacec., Syll. fung. 18: 18. 1906. Ad lignum udum vel ustumque, Jack Brook, Augusto. BPI; ad fimum udum, Castle Canon, Septembri, 1900, FH (lecto- type), BPI, issued as no. 123 in Cryptogamae Formattonum Coltoradenstum. When Clements described this species he listed two collections, one from Jack Brook, and one from Castle Canon. The two collections are identical, and the portion of the Castle Canon collection in Cryptogamae Formattonum Color- adenstum FH is designated lectotype. It was collected on dung and, despite Clements's original description which records the ascospores as 18 x 1l um, the ascospores are 20 - 21 x 11 - 12 um. The collection is composed of small apothecia of Peztza vestculosa [Bull.] ex Fr. The Spores are smooth and eguttulate. Unfortunately the exci- pulum is so poorly preserved in the specimens examined that it is impossible to verify that the excipulum agrees with that found in P. vesiculosa. 7 . Seaver (1928) listed this species as a questionable 216 synonym of Peziza fimett (Fuckel) Seaver which, however, has smaller ascospores. Heteroplegma crenatum Clem., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50 02), ae O58 = Peziga crenata (Clem.) Sacc.=& D.esacc.ss oy ble eerinee 163/19. 1906, non P. crenata Pers. ex; Merat, Nouv. tie EnV yeu ee Jeonke/ 1. bel Oils Ad terram pinquem udosamque inter moscos, Duxton Brook, Minnehaha, Colorado, Augusto, 1902. No holotype material of Heteroplegma crenatum has been found; however, a later collection was issued in Cryptogamae Formattonum Coloradenstum as number 125. This specimen (Jack Brook 2500m, 22 Aug. 1904) is Pegiza arvernensits Boud. It does not agree completely with the original description particularly, in that the margin was originally described as crenate and black furfuraceous. In the exsiccata speci- men the margin is light and nearly smooth though it is occasionally torn radially. The spores are also smaller in the exsiccata specimen than originally described. Future collections from Colorado might yield specimens which agree with the original description of H. crenata. Seaver (1928) listed H. crenata as a synonym of Peziza abtetina Pers. ex Fr. © Pseucotts obtetrina Wers. ex Fr.) Boud.). The exsiccata collection is brownish, has eguttulate finely warted ascospores 13 - 16 x 7 - 8 um. The excipulum is composed of large globose cells, there is a narrow layer of interwoven hyphae, and on the outside there is a layer of loosely interwoven hyphae. Peztza elaeodes Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska p. 6. 1901. On twigs of Juntperus scopulorwm, Mead's Spring, Brown County, Nebraska, (12102). I have not been able to locate type or authentic col- lections of Pezgiza elaeodes. It is described as having small, sessile, convex olivaceous apothecia; the spores are said to be 25 x 10 um, asperate and apiculate. The descrip- tion and habitat are suggestive of Peziza aptculata Cooke. This is in agreement with Seaver's (1928) conclusion regard- ing this species. Peztza roseo-lilacitna Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska p. 7. 1901. On wet sandy soil, growing among mosses, Barney Creek, Keya Paha County, Nebraska, (12103). ZAG7 I have been unable to locate any specimen of this species. The description of its color suggests Peziza grtseo-rosea Gerard, but that species has ornamented asco- spores. The spores of P. roseo-ltlactna were said to be smooth. Galactinta viridi-tineta Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska 4: OF 1696: On shady ground, Otowanie Woods, Lancaster County, Ne- braska. BP1. The type specimen is barely mature. Clements described the ascospores as smooth. The few mature ascospores which were seen were ornamented with moderate-sized isolated warts. The spores are 15 - 17 x 7 - 8 um. Clements report- ed that the apothecia when injured exude a grayish-green liquid and that the apothecia become greenish when injured. This feature in addition to ascospore size and ornamentation suggests that this species might be identical to Galacttinia suecosella Le Gal and Romagnesi a species I have not yet studied. Should the two prove to be identical the Clements name, being older, would have priority. Pliecarta vtnacea Clem., Bot. Surv. Nebraska p. 9. 1896. =sPezt zoavinacea, (Clem. ) Sace. SeSyd.,. Syll. fine. 74: (Gop OUI, ENON e2t2d.0inacea Rapenn., Fungi. Europ. 2314. 1876. On damp ground in shady woods, Wabash, Nebraska. No specimens of this species have been seen. It was said to be rather small, 7 - 15 mm in diam, applanate at maturity and orange-vinous then vinous-brick colored. The spores were reported as smooth, eguttulate, hyaline 16 - 20 x 10 - 12. The asci were Jt. LITERATURE CITED Eckblad, F, - E, 1968. The genera of the operculate Disco- mycetes. A re-evaluation of their taxonomy, phylogeny andSnomenclature: Nytt’Mag." Bot. 15+) 1-191. Le Gal, M. 1941. Les Aleurta et les Galactinia. Suppl. Revas Mycol, (Paris)! 42-56-82. Seaver, F. J. 1928. The North American Cup-fungi (oper- culates). Published by the author. New York. 284 pp. MYCOTAXON VOT Vi beeNon 17, epps, 215-220 July-September 1978 A NEW TREMELLA FROM MEXICO B. LOWY Department of Botany, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 Tremella auranttolutea Lowy, sp. nov. Figs. 1-2 Fructificatio in humido duro-elastica gelatinosa, circa’ 4-cem Lata, 1.50cm ailtas> lobuli” solidi, homegener imbricati, usque ad 1 mm crassi; marginibus inspissatis, circa 1.5 mm crassis; in superficie superiore laevis, inferiore rugulosa; in sicco aliquantulum contractio, duro coriacea; aurantio-lutea per omnes partes, sed in zona angusta (circa 2 mm lata) pigmentum margine permultum intentus; hymenio amphigeneo, circa 45 um lata cum basidia conferta; hyphae enodosae; probasidia globosa vel sub- globosa, 9-11 um diam; metabasidia ovoidea vel sub- pyriforme, cruciatim septata, 12-18 (-20) X 9-11.5 um; sterigmata matura perangusta, apex amplificatus ad 5 um diam, cum spiculis brevibus; basidiosporae ovoidae, (7.5-) 8.0-9.0 (-10) um X 5-6 um, per repetitionem germinantes vel promycelium promittentes. Holotype: Mexico. El Mirador, Municipio de Totultla, Est. Veracruz. On dead wood’ in oak forest, 23=ILI-1972. Alt. 1000 m. Leg. F. Ventura No. 5429 (ENCB); Isotype (LSUM) . Fructification tough rubbery gelatinous when wet, + 4 em broad X 1.5 cm thick, with solid, homogeneous, imbricate lobes + 1 mm thick, with margins thickened to + 1.5 mn; superior surface smooth, inferior surface rugulose; drying tough coriaceous, somewhat diminished in size; orange- yellow pigment prominent throughout, with a 2 mm marginal zone bearing deeper orange pigmentation, becoming more in- tense when soaked, the rest of the fruiting body fading to a lighter hue; hymenium amphigenous, + 45 um wide, densely crowded with basidia; hyphae without clamp connections; pro- basidia spherical to subspherical, 9-11 um diam; metabasidia becoming ovoid to subpyriform, 12-18 (-20) X 9-11.5 um, 229 Fig. 1. Tremella auranttolutea Lowy. A, basidiospore; B apical view of cruciate septate basidium; C, 2-sterigmate developing basidium; D, mature metabasidium with 4 apically enlarged sterigmata, each terminating in a spiculum; E, septate hypha. 9 Cruciate septate; mature sterigmata narrow cylindrical + 2 mm diam, apically expanded to form a bulbous to elongate ex- tremity up to 5 um diam and producing a short spicule; basidiospores ovoid, (7.5-_ 8.0-9.0 (-10) X 5-6 um germi- nating by germ tube or by repetition. Of the 16 species of Tremella reported from the neo- tropics (Lowy, 1971), four are characterized by having reddish to orange or yellow pigments variously distributed in the basidiocarp. These are 7. aurantta Schw. ex Fries, Fig. 2. Superior surface of Tremella auranttolutea Lowy. Appx 2s Tl. brasiliensis (6ller) Lloyd, fs luvescens Fries,and T. rubromaculata Lowy. TIT. subrubtgtnosa Lowy (1976) was recently described as sharing this macroscopic characteris-— tic, and a sixth species is now added to the list. These brightly pigmented species may easily be separated into two groups, those having solid lobes and those with hollow lobes. TZ. aurantia and T. subrubtginosa are solid lobed, as is the new species here described, but in gross morphol- ogy, it is the prominently lobed 7. aurantta that resembles the new species much more closely. The similarity, however, is superficial, since a section through a lobe of Y. aurantta reveals that it is heterogeneous in composition, consisting of a conspicuous whitish, fleshy fibrous core which can be clearly differentiated upon inspection from the pigmented, amphigenous hymenial layers. By contrast, the lobes of the new species are homogeneous in section, having a tough gelatinous composition throughout. The clamped hyphae and subspherical basidiospores of TY. aurantta further separate it from the new species, which has clampless hyphae and ovoid basidiospores. REFERENCES CITED Lowy, B. 1971. Tremellales. Monograph No. 6. Flora Neotropred. Hainer Publi 8Goo, vines) New York.ne)5 38D. . 1976. New Tremellales from Panama. Mycologta 68:1103-1108. MYCOTAXON ViOieem Ve SENG 2) OD 22-724 Wiulyesceptemnber 1973 A NEW SPECIES OF PANAEOLUS FROM SOUTH AMERICA by Gaston Guzman Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldédgicas, I.P.N. Apartado Postal 26-378 México 16, D.F. Through the research trips to South America made by the author, one in 1964 and two in 1971, looking for species of Psilocybe for the world monograph that he is preparing, he found in Venezuela an interesting undescribed species of Panaeolus which here is described as new. The author expresses his thanks to Guggenheim Memorial Foundation of New York for the grant supporting the trips of 1971 to South America. He also thanks Dr. L. Marcano Berti and Dr. E.A. Fabrega both from the University of Los Andes, at Venezuela, for generously hosting the forays in Venezuela, and Dr. D.E. Stuntz and Dr. G.A. Escobar from the University of Washington at Seattle, for critical review of this paper. Panaeolus venezolanus Guzman, sp. nov. Figs. a-d Pileo 20-35 mm lato, campanulato, brunneo-griseo vel cinereo. Lamellis sinuatis riseo-atris et maculatis. Strpite GpeDUAs boas mm, cylindrato, subbulboso, cavo, rufo- brunneo ruinoso. Annulo conspicuo, membranaceo vel citriformi - ovatis, nigro-brunneis, poro germinali visibli. Basidiis 2-4-sporis, subcylindratibus. Pleurocys- Lidiisenullis.- Chel locystidiis ~/-34.) x 6-9 um, subcy- lindratibus, hyalinis. Trama hyalina, hyphis cum fibulis. Hyphis pilei subfusiformibus vel subcylindricibus fulvis, 11-49 x 7-11 um. Specie subfimicaria vel fimicaria, gramni- (MER) Wee eSanwJaviersdel: Valle, jelr- ca Merida, Venezuela. Pileus 20-35 mm in diam, subcampanulate to campanulate, smooth to irregularly rimose, dry, brownish gray to ashy gray. Lamellae sinuate, blackish-gray but mottled. Stipe 45-50 x 2-3 mm, cylindric but subbulbous, hollow, brownish gray to reddish, pruinose toward the base. Annulus membra- naceous, thin, whitish to blackish from spores deposited. Context thin, grayish at pileus, brownish at stipe, with taste and odor slightly farinaceous. Spores (11-) 12-14.8 x 8.8-9.9 x 7.7-8.5 um, limoniform to subovate, with broad germ pore and thick wall, brownish to dark brown or blac- Bae kish (KOH). Basidia 21.7-30 x 9-11.2 um, two- or four- spored, subcylindric or subpyriform, hyaline. Pleurocysti- dia none. Cheilocystidia 24./-34.5 x 6-9 um, hyaline, subcylindric or vesiculose-elongated, abundant. Subhyme- nium and trama hyaline. Epicutis dry, formed by brownish (KOH) vesiculose-cylindric elements emerging from the sur- face. Hypodermium hyaline. Clamp connections present but scarce. Habitat and distribution. Gregarious on cow dung or on rich soils, in meadows of the subtropical forests. Known from Venezuela and possibly also present in subtropi- cal and tropical regions of Mexico. Studied material. VENEZUELA, N of Mérida, San Javier cee July 27, 1971, Guzman 9177 (Type, MER; Isotype, n (ies Figs. a-d. Panaeolus venezolanus Guzman. a: Two fruiting bodies. b: Three spores. c: Two basidia. d: Four cheilocystidia (all from the type) Discussion. The well developed annulus in the adult fruiting bodies is a good feature to separate this species from all others known in the genus. [It is rather close to P. sphinctrinus (Fr.) Quél., but the rimose pileus, the size of the spores, and the presence of an annulus separate it from that species. P. sphinctrinus does not have a ring, and the pileus is smooth. Its spores according to Singer (1960) are 12.5-14.5 x 8-10 um; according to Ola'h (1969) are 14.5-18 x 10.5-12.6 um, and according to Ktihner & Romagnesi (1953) are 14-18 x 10-12 um. Guzman and Pérez Lae Patraca (1972) reported two groups of P. sphinctrinus from México, one with spores 12-16.8 x 8.4-12 um and another with spores 14-18.2 x 9.8-13.5 um, and as they mentioned, it seems that there is one P. sphinctrinus in tropical and subtropical regions with small spores and another in tem- perate regions with large spores. P. venezolanus is close to that from the tropics and subtropics. The author even had observed some "P. sphinctrinus" with an annulus in the tropics of México, but unfortunately he did not study them. Another species of Panaeolus close to P. venezolanus is P. phalaenarum (Fr.) Quél. sensu Singer (1969), repor- ted from Chile and Europe, which also has a veil that remains as a narrow annular belt, but has spores of 13.5- 17°x 5.5-11.5 x 7.7-9.4 um. P. semiovatus (Sow ex Fr.) Lund. et Nannf. (= a Pearson and Dennis), a well known annulate species of the alpine or paramo vegetation, is distinguished from P. Sees by the white fruiting body as well as by the chrysocystidia and size of the spores. P. acuminatus (Schaeff. ex Sécr.) Quél., P. antillarum (Gren me Dennis, P. convexulus Sing., P. cyanescens (Berk. & Br. ) Sace., P. procnisecil (Pers. ex rae Ktihn., P. moelle- rianus Sing., uae eae (Bull. ex Fr.) Quél., P. retirugis jae Se Gill., P. rickenii Hora, P. sphinctrinus var. minor (Fr.) Sing., P. subbalteatus (Berk. & Br.) P. uliginicola (Speg. ) Sace., P. variabilis Overh., P. ve- nezolanus, and the three species discused above, are the known species of Panaeolus from South America, according to the revised literature (Dennis, 1970; Restrepo, 1972; Singer, 1960, 1969, and Singer & Digilio, 1951). This species, together with other Panaeolus spp. and Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. is used by the students in Mérida, Venezuela, as a drug that provokes gastrointes- tinal intoxication, as the author observed in the field and as reported by Llorca Izquierdo (1972). LITERATURE CITED Dennis, R.W.G., 1970. Fungus Flora of Venezuela and adja- cent countries. Royal Bot. Gard. Cramer, Lehre. Guzman, G. and A.M. Pérez Patraca, 1972. Las especies cono- cidas del género Panaeolus en México. Bol. Soc. Mex. Mic. 6: 17-53. Ktihner, R. and H. Romagnesi, 1953. Flore analytique des champignons supérieurs. Masson, Paris. Llorca Izquierdo, R., 19/2. Estudio cientifico-social del hongo alucinégeno. Facultad de Farmacia, Univ. de los Andes, Merida, Venezuela. Ph.D. Thesis. Olath, G.M., 1969. Le genre Panaeolus. Mem. Hors-Ser. 10, Rev. Myc., Paris. Restrepo, J.D., 1972. Dos Panaeolus de Antioguia, Colombia. Facultad de Agronomia, Univ. Nac. de Colombia, Mede- l1lin, Colombia, Thesis. 224 Singer, R., 1960. Sobre algunas especies de hongos presumi- blemente psicotrépicos. Lilloa 30: 117-127. , 1969. Mycoflora australis. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 29, Cramer, Lehre. yoand. AvP. lb. Digtlia,2419oL. Prdéddromo de la flora agaricina argentina. Lilloa 25: 5-461. MYCOTAXON MOWey bun NO, 2, “pp. 2Zo>259 July-September 1978 THE SPECIES OF PSILOCYBE KNOWN FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA by _ Gast6n Guzman Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldédgicas, I.P.N. 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Kumm. dumontii Sing. ex Guzman COLOMBI argentina (Speg.) Sing. bullacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumm. columbiana Guzman fimicola Guzman montana (Pers. ex Fr.) Kumm. pintonii Guzman subcubensis Guzman ale “ Tap) im] la) in) ine] lane] ine] ined ae! ine] ine! SS! SUG e SS 05 > 2 88) Se. 6c] VENEZUE andina Guzman argentina (Speg.) Sing. caerulescens Murr. merdaria (Fr.) Ricken montana (Pers. ex Fr.) Kumm, subcubensis Guzman subyungensis Guzman alnetorum (Sing.) Sing. coprophila (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumm. panaeoliformis Murr. subcubensis Guzman s'- a Je ECUADOR ime] ine] ime] ine] ine] ine] ine) tol ulrcl0 PERU moelleri Guzman zapotecorum Heim subcubensis Guzman yungensis Sing. & Smith Polo BOLIVIA ste BRAZIL 9D we Irolho acutipilea (Speg.) Guzman brasiliensis Guzman caeruleoannulata Sing. ex Guzman cubensis (Earle) Sing. farinacea Rick ex Guzman furtadoana Guzman merdaria (Fr.) Ricken ? zapotecorum Heim caeruleoannulata Sing. ex Guzman . merdaria (Fr.) Ricken ? » uruguayensis Sing. ex Guzman rol ol ol oPol schol URUGUAY ae} are CHILE PoPol » moelleri Guzman . montana (Pers. ex Fr.) Kumm. rol ARGENTINA * aggericola Sing. & Smith alnetorum (Sing.) Sing. argentina (Speg.) Sing. blattariopsis (Speg.) Sing. cubensis (Earle) Sing. hoogshageni Heim horakii Guzman merdaria (Fr.) Ricken moelleri Guzman tortipes Speg. = Naematoloma tortipes (Speg.) Guzman wrightii Guzman olor volo vlorvlvlvlto I 7 Tae} ® Psilocybe alnetorum (Sing.) Sing. This species was known previously only from Argentina (Singer & Digilio, 1951; Singer 1959). The author identi- fied the species in material from ECUADOR: 36 km from Qui- to, road to Tandayapa, Prov. Pichincha, at 2400 m elevation on bamboo culm: Dumont EC-2297, Aug. 6, 1975 (NY). The Ecuatorian material agrees well with the type (BAFC). The spores are (5.5-) 6-7 (-8) x 4.4-5 x 3.8-4.4 um, pleurocys- tidia 22-39 x 7.7-12 jum, mucronate, hyaline but sometimes with a refringent central mass, and with hyaline cheilocys- tidia 13-19 x 5-7.7 pm, fusiform or short mucronate. The fruit body is collybioid, 5-10 mm in diameter. Psilocybe andina Guzman, sp. nov. A Psilocybe montana differt praesentia annuli in matu- ris, Ad terram muscosam in paramo. Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, Laguna de macubadi VENEZUELA, Guzman 5232 (MER) typu e Pileus 5-10 mm diam., convex or subcampanulate, smooth, slightly striate, transparent at the margin when wet, sub- viscid or lubricous to dry; hygrophanous, reddish brown, fading to brownish or clay color or straw color. Lamellae broadly adnate to somewhat decurrent, brownish to brown-vio- let with edges concolorous or whitish and floccose. Stipe 20-30 x 0.5-1.5 mm, cylindrical or attenuate towards the apex, hollow, whitish above to reddish brown below, finally all over covered with fibrillose of floccose white spots. Annulus well developed, whitish, membranous to fibrillose or floccose. Context thin, yellowish, without any taste or odor. Spore print dark violaceous brown. Spores (6.6-) 7./-8.8 (-9.9) x 5=5.5 (-6) x 3.3-5 am, subrhomboid or sublentiform in face view, ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid in side view, with thick wall, brownish or yellowish brown and broad germ pore. Basidia 16-22 x 6-7 Zoo pm, two or four-spored, vesiculose or subpyriform. Pleuro- cystidia none. Cheilocystidia 15-30 x 4.4-5.5 pm, ampulla- ceous with long neck 2-3.3 pam diam., hyaline, abundant; sometimes with an oil drop at the apex. Subhymenium formed by subglobose hyaline elements, strongly irregularly incrus- ted with brown yellow pigment on the walls. Trama regular, hyaline or brownish, incrusted with scarce pigment. Epicu- tis subgelatinized, formed by elongated, thin, hyaline to brownish hyphae. Hypodermium like as the subhymenium. Clamp connections present. Habitat. Gregarious on soil covered by mosses (Poly- trichum), in pdramos with Espeletia at 3600 m elevation. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. VENEZUELA, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, Laguna de Mucubaji, Jul. 28, 1971, Guzman 9232 (MER Holotype, ENCB Isotype). Discussion. The well developed annulus in the adult Ccarpophores is the principal feature distinguishing this species from P. montana, a very closely related species. It is interesting to observe that P. montana grows more fre- quently in lower and warmer lands than P. andina. Thus it seems that the well developed veil helps to protect the hy- menium in the young stages. The same observation can be made for Panaeolus semiovatus (Sow. ex Fr.) Lund ex Nannf. and P. antillarum (Fr.) Dennis, the first with annulus and characteristic of the high mountains and the latter without annulus and only common in tropical and subtropical regions. Psilocybe argentina (Speg.) Sing. This coprophilous species was until recently known on- ly from Argentina (Singer, 1969). It occurs in the south of Argentina and in the high mountains of Mexico (Guzman et al., 1977). It differs from P. coprophila (Bull. ex Fr.) Quél. only in the size of the spores. P. argentina has spo- res (11-) 12-15 (-16) ~m long, as the author observed in the type (LPS) and in the material from Venezuela and Co- lombia from where it is here reported for the first time. Studied material. VENEZUELA, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Teleferico de Mérida, Station La Aguada, July 29, 1971, 3200-3400 m elevation, pdramo with Espeletia: Guzman 9245 (MER). COLOMBIA, Dept. Boyacd, road between Aquitamia and the crossing of Sogamoso to Aguazul, June 12, 1976: Dumont CO-4951 (NY). Road Choconta to Aguaclara, June 10, 1976, 1400 m elevation; Dumont CO-4600 (NY). Dept. Chocé, near Ansermanuevo, road to San José del Palmar, Aug. 2/7, 1976, 1900 m elevation: Dumont CO-7451 (NY). Psilocybe blattariopsis (Speg.) Sing. This species described by Spegazzini as Pholiotella blattariopsis Speg. from Brazil (Apiai), and only known from the type locality, has brownish pleurocystidia (in KOH), according to the study of the type (Puiggari 1535,LPS 1333), feature not considered by Singer (1950). It is close to P._subaeruginosa Clel. from Australia and to P. uspana- pensis Guzman from Mexico for the brownish pleurocystidia, But the spores are subrhomboid, (8.4-) 9.6-10.8 (-13.2) x (6.6407 123946, {=10) x0 505-75 2 am, with othick wall.) kemeo those of P. uruguayensis Sing. ex Guzman. Psilocybe brasiliensis Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 12-30 mm lato, convexo vel conico vel campanula- to, hygrophano, rufobrunneo vel alutaceo. Lamellis adnatis fuscoSapiaceis. Stipite SPENORS a aA mm, carneo-albido dein cum pileo subconcolori, basi strigosissima. Carne caerules- O odore farinaceo. 6-) 6.6-/.1 (-/./) x 4.9- sublentiformibus. Pleurocystidiis lageniformibus. Cheilocystidiis -1 jum, _la- geniformis. Epicute subgelatinascente. Ad terram in silvis Araucariae et Podocarpi. Parque Forestal del Estado Sao Paulo, Brasil, Guzman 8920 (SP), Typus. Pileus 12-30 mm diam., convex or conical to subcampan- ulate, smooth, striate toward the margin when moist,lubri- cous, hygrophanous, reddish brown to alutaceous. Lamellae adnate or subadnate, brownish to fuscous sepia, with whi- tish edges. Stipe 35-80 x 1-4 mm, cylindrical or rarely subbulbous, whitish to almost concolorous with pileus, hol- low, covered toward the base with whitish fibrils of the veil, sometime with a rhizomorphic prolongation. Veil white, fugacious on pileus, but sometimes persistent on the upper part of the stipe as a white floccose annular Zone. Context whitish and fleshy in pileus, reddish brown and fibrous-hard in the stipe; odor and taste farinaceous, rea- dily staining blue when injured, but only slightly so in the stipe. KOH stains all parts yellow-brown. Spore print dark grayish violet. Spores (5.6-) 6.6-7.1 (-7.7) x 4.9-5.5 (-6) x 4.2-5 jam, subrhomboid in frontal view or subelliptic in lateral view, yellowish brown, smooth, thick walled, with a broad germ pore. Basidia 18-27 x 6.6-8.4 um, four-spored, hyali- ne, subvesiculose. Pleurocystidia 22-29 x 8.8-12 jm, hyali- ne, vesiculose, fusoid or sublageniform. Cheilocystidia 9.6-13.2 x 4.8-7.2 um, forming a sterile band at the edge of the gill, hyaline, lageniform. Subhymenium arranged by globose subhyaline elements with a reddish brown to gray blue pigment. Trama regular, hyaline or yellowish with elongated hyphae 4-10 um diam., thin walled (wall 0.5-1 «um PREYS) thick), with clamps. Epicutis a cutis more or less gelati- nized, with brownish, parallel, thin hyphae. Hypodermium hyaline or yellowish with parallel elongated hyphae 5-13 jam diam., thin walled. Habitat. Gregarious on grassy soil (Anonopus compre- ssus) in forest of Araucaria brasiliana and Podocarpus. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. BRAZIL, Parque Forestal del Estado de Sao Paulo, 10-13 km E of Campus de Jardao, near Rio Sa- pucaiguasu, 1500 m elevation, March 8, 1971, Guzman 8920 (holotype SP, Isotype ENCB); other collections from the same locality are Guzman 8922 & 8929 in ENCB and SP. Discussion. This species is close to P. caerulescens, but the thin and long stipe, the rhizomorphic base, as well as the form and size of the pleurocystidia and cheilocysti- dia are well defined features which separate it. Its bluing as well as its odor and favor, indicate that this species has hallucinogenic propierties. Psilocybe bullacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Kummer This species had been interpreted by several authors in different ways. It is close to P. montana (Pers. ex Fr.) Kumm. and P. coprophila (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumm., but differs from the first in having a well developed veil which some- times forms an ephemerous annulus, in having floccose sti- pe, in growing on rich soil or on dung an in presenting a hyaline or slightly pigmented subhymenium, as the author has observed when studying European collections. With P. coprophila differs in the size of the spores (see P. copro- phila in this paper). The first South America report of P. bullacea is from COLOMBIA: Dumont CO-5037 (NY), on rich soil or dung, road Sogamoso-Aguazul, intersection with Al- quitama road, Dept. Boyaca, June 13, 1976. This material has spores (5.5.5 6-7.1 (-8) x 4.5-6 x 3.8-4.4 pm, yello- wish brown, subhexagonal, with cheilocystidia lageniform forming a sterile band at the edge of the gill, 20-33 x 5-6 um, with a long neck 1.5-2.5 sm across; there are no pleu- rocystidia. The fruit bodies are small (pileus no more than 10 mm diam.) with broad, adnate lamellae. Psilocybe caeruleoannulata Sing. ex Guzman = Stropharia siccipes Karst. var. lugubris Rick, Lilloa 4:83, 1939 Pileo 19-22 mm lato, convexo vel conico, papillato, hygrophano, rufobrunneo vel alutaceo. Lamellis.sinuato-ad- natis Taucis. Stipite 25-45 x 1-2 mm, carneo-albido vel fulvo. Annulo conspicuo, membranaceo, albo, caerulescente, caduco. Carne subcaerulescente, odore leniter farinaceo. rhomboideis. Pleurocystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 17-20 <= 0 um, lageniformis. Epicute gelatinascente. Ad terram, graminicola aut in paludosi, extra silva. Maldonado, Uru- STEN. Singer B-4172 (BAFC), typus. Pileus 10-22 mm diam., convex or conical to papillate, smooth, transparently striate at the margin when moist, viscid, hygrophanous, reddish brown to faded sordid pallid Chamois with brownish buff to alutaceous center; pellicle separable. Lamellae sinuate-adnate or subadnate, grayish violet but with whitish edges when young. Stipe 25-45 x l- 2mm, whitish from a silky appressed covering over a gray background, becoming grayish cinereous where touched; at base soon caesious, slightly and gradually tapering up- wards. Veil well formed; annulus membranous but thin, smooth, white, slightly staining blue, fragile but usually persistent. Context pallid in pileus, grayish to brownish in stipe; odor none or slightly farinaceous; taste slightly farinaceous. Spore print deep violaceous. Spores (8.8-) 9.9-11 (-12) x 6-6.6 (-7.1) x 5.5-6 am, subrhomboid frontally, subelliptic in profile, yellowish brown, smooth, more or less thin walled but with complex wall and with broad truncate germ pore. Basidia 15-22.4 x 7.5-9.8 um, four-spored, hyaline, subvesiculose. Pleurocys- tidia none. Cheilocystidia 17-20 x 5-6 um, forming a ster- ile band on the edge of the gill, hyaline, lageniform or vesiculose-ventricose, the neck 5-8.5 x 1-2 sum, sometimes with an oily hyaline drop at the apex. Subhymenium with par- allel, brownish, thin (4 pm diam. ) hyphae. Trama regular, brownish or hyaline, with chestnut incrusted hyphae, 12-20 fam diam., thin walled. Clamp connections present. Hypoder- mium with interwoven brownish hyphae which are broader on the average than those of the epicutis, not subcellular, but in the context below often more pigmented and darker, more irregular and with quite a few rather short elements. Epicutis hyaline, a 50-60 pam thick layer of strongly gela- tinized hyaline, filamentous hyphae 0.5-2.2 pum thick. Habitat. On marshy ground or in grasslands outside the forests of Araucaria and Podocarpus, in pasture land, so- metimes on dung. Known from Brazil and Uruguay. Studied material. BRAZIL, State of Sao Paulo, near Cam- pos de Jardao, March 8, 1971, 1600 m elevation, Guzman 8877 (ENCB; SP). Guzman 8916 (ENCB; SP). Santa Maria, 1936, Rick (PACA 15234, Type of Stropharia siccipes var. lugubris Rick). Sao Leopoldo, 1934, Rick (PACA 9362, as Stropharia inuncta). Without locality: Rick (Herb. Bresadola a NY, as Stropharia luteonitens). URUGUAY, Maldonado, May 27, 1966, Singer B-4172 (BAFC Holotype). Discussion. P. caeruleoannulata is close to P.stuntzii Guzman & Ott and P. uruguayensis Sing. ex Guzman, but dif- fers in the shorter cheilocystidia (P. stuntzii has cheilo- cystidia 22-27.5 um long and P. uruguayensis 24.5-32 pum long). This species was named by Singer in the herbarium BAFC based on the collection from Uruguay. Later the author of the present paper collected the same fungus in Brazil and found the species in the herbarium PACA as Stropharia siccipes Karst. var. lugubris Rick, a variety described in 1939 but not considered in Rick's later papers (1961); this material agrees well with the type of P. caeruleoannulata; the variety of Rick is considered synonymous. Bresadola confused P. caeruleannulata with P. luteonitens (Vahl ex Fr.) Parker-Rhodes, as the author noted in one of Rick's collections (NY), identified by Bresadola as P.luteonitens, but this species has spores 15.4-18.7 (-20) x 11-13.2 x 9.9-11 pm. Psilocybe caerulescens Murr. This well known hallucinogenic species, described from Alabama, U.S.A., and reported from Mexico (Heim & Wasson, 1958 and Singer & Smith, 1958) is here reported for first time from Panama and Venezuela. The Central and South Ame- rican collections agree well with the type (NY). They were collected on orange reddish clay soil similar to the Mexi- can localities. The spores are subrhomboid or elliptic, Ce=) 6-/ (=/7,/7) x (4.4= ) 4.5-555 (=5.8) x 4-405 um, pleu- rocystidia absent, cheilocystidia lageniform or filamentous, 12-20 x 3-4.4 (-5.5) mm; the carpophore is strong caerules- cent, even in the hyphae of the subhymenium which are blue green in KOH. Studied material. PANAMA, Prov. Veragas, Santa Fe to Calovibora, atlantic slope, vicinity Rio Caloviborita, June 18, 1975. Dumont PA-570 (NY). VENEZUELA, State of Sucre, Mundo Nuevo to Mancal road, NW of Irapa, July 7, 1972, Dumont VE-4145 (NY). P. caerulescens is close to P. wrightii Guzman and P. farinacea Rick ex Guzman (see discussion under these spe- cies). Psilocybe columbiana Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 6-19 mm lato convexo vel campanulato, hygropha- no, rufobrunneo vel fulvo vel albolutescente. Lamellis ad- natis, ochraceo-violacei. Stipite 20-60 Wxtideao mm, Claro- brunneo, fibrilloso vel fulvo. Annulo nullo. Carne caeru- lescente, odore et sapore farinaceis. Sporis elongato-ellipsoideis. Pleurocystidiis nullis. Cheiloc diis 22- : am, lageniformibus. Epicute subgelati- nascente. Ad terram_argillaceam expers herbis destitutam in paramo. Espeletiae grandifoliae. Represa del Rio Neusa-To- rre de Transmision de TV, Municipio Tansa, Cundinamarca, Colombia, Guzman 9146 (COL) typus. Pileus 6-19 mm diam., convex to campanulate, smooth to slightly rimose, faintly striate and transparently when moist, lubricous, hygrophanous, brown reddish to yellow reddish, finally yellow whitish. Lamellae adnate or subad- nate, ochre violaceous, with whitish edges. Stipe 20-60 x 1-3 um, cylindrical, sometimes sinuous, hollow, white to brown reddish, covered with floccose white fibrils, some- times with a rhizomorphic white prolongation in the soil, up to 20 mm long. Veil white and floccose, distinct annu- lus absent. Context white in pileus, concolorous with pi- leus in stipe, staining blue when cut. Odor and taste fari- naceous. Spore print violet brown to almost black. Spores (6.6-) 7.1-8.8 x (4.9-) 6-6.6 (-7.1) x 4.4-5.5 fam, subrhomboid in frontal view, subelliptic in lateral view, light brownish chocolate or yellowish brown, smooth, thin walled, with a broad germ pore. Basidia 15-27 x 4.4-8 sum, four-spored, hyaline, vesiculose or subpyriform. Pleu- rocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 22-30 x 3.3-6.5 pm, abun- dant, forming a sterile band at the edge of the gills, hya- line, lageniform or fusoid-ampullaceous and mucronate, so- metimes branched; the neck 1.6-2.2 mum across. Subhymenium formed by subglobose, subhyaline elements with yellowish brown irregularly incrusting pigment. Trama regular, hyali- ne, with elongate hyphae 15-25 um diam. with thin wall (1.5 um thick). Epicutis subgelatinized, with brownish or hyali- ne hyphae 2-6 um broad. Clamp connections present. Habitat. On clay black soils without herbaceous vege- tation, sometimes living together with Aleuria aurantia (Pers. ex Fr.) Fuck., in pdramos of Espeletia argentea at 3300-3500 m elevation. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. COLOMBIA, Department of Cundinamar- ca, Municipio of Tansa, road La Represa del Rio Neusa to la Torre de Transmisidén de TV, July 24, 1971. Guzman 9146 (Ho- lotype COL; Isotype ENCB); other collections from the same locality are Guzman 9145. 9156; 9158 (all in ENCB and COL). Discussion. P. columbiana belongs to the P. Zapoteco- rum group because of its spores and floccose stipe, but differs in the size of the spores and form of the cheilo- cystidia. It is a hallucinogenic species since it stains blue and has a farinaceous taste and odor. Psilocybe coprophila (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumn. This common non-hallucinogenic species, with spores of (9-) 10-12 (-14) x (6-) 7-9 x 6-7.1 mm, is here reported for the first time from Ecuador and Panama. It is close to P. argentina (Speg.) Sing. and P. panaeoliformis Murr. See discussion of these. Studied material. ECUADOR, road to Loja, 12 km from Zamora, Aug. 1, 1975, Dumont EC-1886 (NY). PANAMA, 239 Prove Ghiriquis ‘road 1. Alto dél Volcan to’ Cerro .Punta, near Aguacate, July 4, 1975, Dumont PA-2117 (NY). Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. The type (Earle 109, NY) of this hallucinogenic mush- room has spores (1. Fei) 21035 Pe 1 5 Gr Coke OD on Lied = 94 Oe Ce) x 7-8.8 pm and sometimes up to 19 um long. But Singer & Smith (1958) reported for this species spores Tiwwel/eo x 8-11.5 x 7-9 pam and Heim (in Heim & Wasson, 1958) 11.8- 15 x 8.8-10 x 7.8-8.8 pm for Mexican materials and 13-16.2 pm, 13-18 um, 12.5-15.8 pm, and 12-16 um long for Asiatic materials. All the Mexican materials studied by the present author have spores (9:59) Val SCG) e kn 6.6 x On0~ 7.1 pm, and so have some materials from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. Thus, there are two groups of fungi, one with large spores as the type, the other with small spores. The author considers the group of fungi with small spores to belong to another species, that here is described as new (see P. subcubensis Guzman below). On the other hand the types of Naematoloma caerulescens Pat. from Indochina (FH) and Stropharia cyanescens Murr. from Florida, U.S.A. (NY) have large spores as does the type of P. cubensis; these species are considered to be synonyms of P. cubensis following Singer & Smith (1958). It is interesting to observe that while the group of fungi with the large spores grows in subtropical or nor- thern localities, the group of fungi with the smaller spo- res grows in the tropics of subtropics near the equator, an observation that agrees with that discussed by the au- thor (Guzman, 1977-A; 1978) in regards to other species of Psilocybe (P. uspanapensis Guzman, Pe singer. Guzman, P. weldeni Guzman, and others), which only grow in the tropi- cal rain forest and have very small spores in comparation with P. aztecorum Heim, P. baeocystis Sing. & Smith, P. cyanescens Wakef. wich have large spores and grow only in high mountains of Mexico (the oe and in the NW of U.cwAe (the others). Material studied. BRAZIL, Rio Grande do Sul, Itacolo- mi, Gravatai, March 2, 1971, Guzm&n 8828 (ENCB); Santa Ma- wi L935, e Rick: 9376: (FH, PACA WU5S22/iiype, of Stropharia subcyanescens Rick )*. ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires Region, Pun- ta Lara, Sept. 21, 1960, Singer S-192 (BAFC)**. * Material first studied by Singer (1953), who considered Rick's specimens as neotype of S. subcyanescens and synonymous with Psilocybe cubensis. #%* Reported by Singer (1960). 240 Psilocybe dumontii Sing. ex Guzman, sp. nov. A_Psilocybi yungensi affini differt cheilocystidiis, 11-18 (-26) x 3.3-6 (-7./) gm, hyalinis vel subbrunneis. ee Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Panama, Dumont PA-20/4 typus. Pileus 8-15 mm diam., conical, papillate, smooth, but striate toward the margin, hygrophanous, brown to yellowish brown, subviscid or lubricous to dry. Lamellae adnate, very thin, dark violaceous brown. Stipe 25-35 x 1-1.5 mm, cylin- drical, somewhat bulbous, hollow, whitish to reddish brown, densely covered by floccose, white fibrils of velar origin. Veil inconspicuous in the adult carpophores. Context whi- tish, staining blue to dark-blue when injured. Odor and taste not registred. Spores (4.4-) 4.9-5.5 (-6) x 4.4-4.9 x 3.3-4 pm, rhom- boid in frontal view, subelliptic in lateral view, light brownish chocolate, thick walled and with a broad germ po- re. Basidia 11-17 x 4.4-6 um, two- or four-spored, hyaline, cylindrical-ventricose. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 10-18 (-26) x 3.3-6 (-7.7) pam, abundant, forming a sterile band at the edge of the gill, polymorphous, fusoid, ventri- cose-rostrate, clavate, strangulate or mucronate, hyaline or some brownish. Subhymenium with parallel hyphae, stron- gly and irregularlly pigmented with chocolate brown pig- ment, 4-25 um diam; in some parts, a lot of blue pigment can be seen diffused in the KOH between the hyphae. Trama regular, hyaline or pigmented as the subhymenium, hyphae, 5-20 am diam, thick walled (1-3.3 um thick), some are so- lid. Epicutis subgelatinized, formed by brown reddish to hyaline hyphae, parallel to the surface. Hypodermium as the subhymenium and trama hyphae. Habitat. On rotten wood in subtropical forest at 1800 m elevation. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. PANAMA, Prov. Chiriqui, Cerro Punta, near Nueva Suiza, July 3, 1975, Dumont PA-2074 (Holotype NY; Isotype at ENCB). Discussion. This species is close to P. yungensis Sing. & Smith, but differs in the smaller and brownish chei- locystidia. The brownish cheilocystidia connects P. dumon- tii with those species described by Guzman (1977-A) from the tropical rain forests of Mexico such as P. singeri Guz- man, P. weldenii Guzman and others. The species is named after Dr. K. Dumont, collector of the type material, in re- cognition of his enthusiastic mycological work in South America. Psilocybe farinacea Rick ex Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 20-40 (-80) mm lato, convexo vel subcampanulato, spadico vel alutaceous. Lamellis adnatis, ochraceo-viola- ceis. Stipite 35-65 (-80) De 3-8 mM » albido, caerulescente. Velo arachnoideo albido vel violaceo. Annulo nullo. Carne caerulescente, odore et sapore farinaceis. Sporis /+s )- subrhomboideis. Pleurocystidiis noudiassichel locystidiis - x I-/.) um, hyalinis. Epicute subgelatinascente. At terram, Sao Leopoldo, Rick (Lloyd Herbarium typus. Pileus 20-40 (-80) mm diam., convex to subcampanulate, smooth but slightly striate at the margin, subviscid to dry, brownish to brownish reddish or straw color. Lamellae adnate or sinuate, brownish violaceous or brownish chocola- te, with whitish edges or concolorous. Stipe 35-65 (-80) x 3-8 cm, cylindrical, uniform or subbulbous, hollow, whitish to brownish, smooth or with floccose fibrils at the apex, veil remnants, staining blue when injured. Veil arachnoid, white to violaceous, but not forming an annulus on the sti- pe. Context whitish, staining blue when cut. Odor and taste farinaceous. Spores 7.5-9 (-10.5) x 5.2-7.5 x 3-4 gm subrhomboid in face view, elliptic in side view, thick walled brownish yel- lowish and with a broad basal germ pore. Basidia 10-15 x 7-8 um, two or four-spored, vesiculose, hyaline. Pleurocys- tidia none. Cheilocystidia 22-33 x 5-7.5 mum, vesiculose-fu- siform with more or less long necks 2-3 um diam., hyaline, forming a sterile band along the edge of the gill. Subhyme- nium and trama brownish, with collapsed hyphae. Epicutis subgelatinized formed by parallel hyaline hyphae. Hypoder- mium brownish with elongated hyphae, 8-10 um diam. Clamp connections scarce. Habitat. Gregarious on soil. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. BRAZIL, Sao Leopoldo, May 1908, Rick (Holotype, Lloyd Herb. 27598; BPI). Discussion. P.. farinacealis! very close to P. caerules- cens Murr., but differs in the size of the spores and chei- locystidia. This species was named by Rick and sent to Lloyd but, apparently, was never described. Its bluing in- dicates that this species probably is hallucinogenic. Psilocybe fimicola Guzman, sp. nov. A Psilocybe coprophila affini differt sporis [wha OeOr =) 1) 4x04. 4=5(-6) um ellipticis, pleuro- cystidiis et cheilocystidiis hyalinis vel lutescentibus, 33-60 allel no jum, mucronatis. Ad fimum, Cundinamarca, Pda- ramo de Palacio, Colombia, Guzman 9096 (COL), typus. Pileus about 10 mm diam., convex, smooth, with some white floccose traces of the silky evanescent veil, sligh- tly striate by transparency when moist, lubricous, hygro- phanous, brown to reddish yellow, fading to ochraceous or straw color. Lamellae broad adnate, brownish to brownish violaceous. Stipe sbout 25 x 1 mm, cylindrical, hollow, whitish to reddish brownish, covered with floccose, more or less white evanescent fibrils. Context whitish in the pi- leus, brownish in stipe, not staining blue; taste and odor none. Spores (6.6-) 7.7-8.8 (-11) x 4.4-5 (-6) x 3.8-5 mam, elliptic both frontally and laterally, but sometimes sligh- tly subrhomboid in face view, thin walled, with a broad germ pore. Basidia 25-30 x 6-7 um, two of four spored , hya-= line, vesiculose-pyriform. Pleurocystidia abundant, in si- ze, shape and structure like the cheilocystidia, but many yellowish or brownish towards the base. Cheilocystidia 33- 60 x 11-15.4 um, abundant, hyaline, few are yellowish or brownish toward the base, fusiform or vesiculose, but mu- cronate; the mucro 4.4-5.5 pam long. Subhymenium with globo- se brownish yellowish elements. Trama regular, with brown- ish orange diffused pigment or hyaline. Epicutis subgelati- nized, with hyaline thin hyphae. Clamp connections present. Habitat. Gregarious on horse dung, in paramos at 3400 m elevation. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. COLOMBIA, Department of Cundinamar- ca, Paramo de Palacio. Hacienda La Siberia, road La Calera to La Mina, July 23, 1971, Guzman 9096 (Holotype COL; Iso- type ENCB). Discussion. P. fimicola has the fruit body and the ha- bitat of P. coprophila but differs in’the microscopic fea- tures. It is close to P. horakii Guzman, but differs in the size of the cheilocystidia and spores. Since these species do not stain blue, probably they are not hallucinogenic. P. fimicola and P. horakii are close to P. crobula (Fr.) Lange ex Sing. for the structure of the spores. Psilocybe furtadoana Guzman, sp. nov. A Psilocybi brasiliensi affini differt pleuroc stidiis O x 3.8-4.2 um. Ad terram in silvis Araucariae et Podocarpi, prope Campos de Jardao, Estado de Sao Paulo Brasiliae, Guz- man 8918 (SP) typus. Pileus about 15 mm diam., subcampanulate to papillate, smooth, transparent-striate when moist, lubricous, hygropha- nous, dark reddish brown to ochraceous or stramineo. Lame- llae subadnate, dark violet brown with whitish edges. Stipe 243 about 35 x 1 mm, cylindrical, uniform, hollow, reddish brown towards the base, covered with whitish tloccose fi- brils of the veil. Veil white and fugacious. Context whi- tish, fleshy in the pileus, brownish and fibrillose in the Stipe; taste and odor farinaceous, slightly blue-staining when cut. Spores (4.5-) 5.5-6.6 (-7) x (3.8-) 4.4-4.9 (-5.5) x 3.8-4.2 um, subrhomboid frontally, subelliptic laterally, yellowish brown, smooth, thick walled, with a broad germ pore. Basidia 10-13.2 x 4.4-5.5 um, four-spored, hyaline, subvesiculose. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 11-18 x 4.4-6.6 pum, abundant, hyaline or chocolate brown toward the base, bottle shaped or sublageniform, some fusoid-ventrico- se. Subhymenium with elongate parallel hyphae, with reddish brown irregularly distributed pigment. Trama regular, colo- red like the subhymenium or hyaline, with hyphae up to 6 um diam. Epicutis with subgelatinous reddish brown to hya- line hyphae, around 4 um diam. Hypodermium gradually hyali- ne, with hyphae thin walled, 5-12 um diam. Clamp connec- tions present. Habitat. Solitary on soil in open forest of Araucaria brasiliana with Podocarpus. Known only from the type loca- lity. Studied material. BRAZIL , 5 km West of Campos de Jar- dao, State of Sao Paulo, March 8, 1971, Guzman 8918 (Holo- tipe SP; Isotype ENCB). Discussion. This species is close to P. brasiliensis but the absence of pleurocystidia, the structures of the subhymenium, as well as the size of the spores and cheilo- cystidia separate it clearly from the latter. This species is named in honor of Dr. J.S. Furtado who helped the author collected this and other fungi in Brazil. Psilocybe hoogshageni Heim After studying a collection made by L. Berttucci on April 28, 1962 (BAFC) and identified by Singer as P. zapo= tecorum, the author of the present paper found it to repre- sent P. hoogshageni. The material was collected in the Del- ta of the Rio Paranda, near Buenos Aires, in a subtropical forest on swampy soil. The author knew this locality from collecting fungi with Dr. J. Wright in Febrary of 1971, but unfortunately was unable to find this species again. It must be a very rare species there. He found only OQudeman- siella canarii (Jungh.) Hdhnel (topotype of OQ. platensis Speg.) Speg-) a fungus of the deciduous or subtropical fo- rests of Mexico, where P. hoogshageni grows. Berttucci's collection agrees well with the type of P. hoogshageni (in PC) in all the macroscopic and microscopic features (See Guzm4n 1977-B). 244 Psilocybe horakii Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 8-21 mm lato, convexo vel conico campanulato dein subumbonato, hygrophano, brunneo vel alutaceo, sicco. Lamellis ampli adnatis vel subdecurrentibus, spadiciis subaurantiaeis. Stipite 30-35 x 1-2 mm dilute brunneo vel rufobrunneo, fibriloso vel subfloccoso. Odore grato. Sporis -3-3.5 pum, subellipsoideis. (-46) x 7./-9.9 (-12) mucronatus. Cheilocystidiis aequalibus pleurocystidiis, abundantibus. Ad fimum; Lagunas de Yala, prope Juju Ar- Pileus 8-21 mm diam., convex to conic-campanulate or subumbonate, smooth, hygrophanous, dark brown when moist, drying paler, not viscid. Lamellae broadly adnate to sub- decurrent, argillaceous or orange brownish, edge concolo- rous. Stipe 30-35 x 1-2 mm, cylindrical or attenuated to- wards apex, hollow, pale brown to reddish brown, some fibri- llose or floccose with fibrils, base with white tomentum. Context whitish or brownish, not blue-staining; odor plea- sant (sweetish), taste not checked; spore print dark brown. Spores (5.5-) 6-7.1 (-7.7)x3.8-4.4 x 3.3-3.8 pm, yello- wish brown, subelliptic in lateral, somewhat subrhomboid in face view, thin walled, with a narrow germ pore. Basidia 16-22 x 4.4-5.5 um, four-spored, hyaline, vesiculose. Pleu- rocystidia 19.5-30 (-46) x 7.7-9.9 (-12) um, hyaline, very numerous toward the edge of the gill, vesiculose and mucro- nate or fusoid-cylindric and mucronate, apical mucro 1.6- 5.5 x 1.4-3 am. Cheilocystidia like the pleurocystidia, abundant, easily visible under the microscope. Subhymenium formed by globose hyaline elements, irregularly pigmented with brownish orange incrusting pigment. Trama regular, brownish with parallel hyphae, less incrusted by pigment. Epicutis subgelatinized, formed by parallel, hyaline to brownish hyphae. Hypodermium hyaline formed by elongated hyphae. Clamp connections present. Habitat. Subgregarious on dung. Known only from the type locality. Material Studied. ARGENTINA, near Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, March 1, 1962, Horak 66-454 (Holotype ZT; Isotype BAFC). Discussion. P. horakii is close to P. fimicola Guzman (see discussion of this). The species is named after Dr. E. Horak who collected the type and kindly sent it to the author. 245 Psilocybe merdaria (Fr.) Ricken This fungus had been reported from Argentina by Spega- ssini, 1899 and Horak, 1967; from Brazil by Spegazzini, 1919; Rick, 1961 and from Uruguay by Herter, 1933 in doubt- ful reports, because of the various taxonomic interpreta- tions of P. merdaria according to different authors. P. merdaria as it is understood by this writer, has spores (9.3-) 9.9-11 (-12.6) pm long., grows or dung or on rich soil and has an annulus. Those specimens with large spores (11-) 12-14 (-16.5) pm long) following Méller (1945) and Singer (1969) belong to another variety that is here descri- bed as an independent species (see below). The fungus reported from Argentina by Spegazzini (1899) as Stropharia merdaria (LPS 16833) really is P. mer- daria because of its smaller spores, but the fungus repor- ted by Horak (1967) as P. merdaria belongs to the new spe- cies with bigger spores, P. moelleri (see below). The studied material by the author from Venezuela (Guzmaén 9171, N. of Merida, San Javier, July 27, 1971, on cow dung, ENCB) agrees well with P. merdaria. Its spores are subrhomboid or subhexagonal in face view, thick walled, (9.3-) 9.9-11 (-12.6) x 6.6-7.7 (-8.8) x 6-7.1 um. Pleuro- cystidia are absent. Cheilocystidia are 22-27 x 6.6-/./ mum, fusoid-ventricose with narrow neck and obtuse to capitate tips. The pileus is about 9 mm broad, convex, smooth, dry, brownish to straw-colored. Lamellae broad adnate, grayish violet. Stipe whitish to yellowish, with a membranous white annulus. This seems to be the first report of P. merdaria from Venezuela. Psilocybe moelleri Guzman, sp. nov. = Stropharia merdaria f. macrospora Méller, Fungi Faerdes 1: 195, 1945- = Psilocybe merdaria var. macrospora (Mdller) Sing., Nova Hedw. 29: 243, 1969 Gxt sporiis Ad fimun vel Guzman 1666 Psilocybe merdaria affini diff Ge x e -3.6 xo OO ry fum. Lane Oregon, U.S.A. Typus. A complete description of this species is in Singer (a8: cit.). P. moelleri differs from P. merdaria only in the size of the spores, as P. coprophila and P. argentina. P. moelleri is a very common fungus in North America, South America and Europe, as Singer (1969) has pointed out. He reported as P. merdaria var. macrospora Sing. from Argen: tina and Chile. The author studied material from PERU: Du- mont PE-1354, Dept. Junin, road Huancayo to Satipo, July 9, 1976 (NY) and it seems to be the first record of the spe- 246 cies from that country. Psilocybe montana (Pers. ex Fr.) Kumm. A very common species growing on mosses (principally Polytrichum) in temperate regions. Singer (1969) reported it from Chile, and in the present paper it is reported from Colombia and Venezuela. Material studied: COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca Dept., Pdramo de Palacio, Hacienda La Siberia, July 23, 1971, Guzman 9128 (COL; ENCB); Aug. 26, 1964. Betancourt 165-A (COL; ENCB). Road to Pacho, near Upapira, Aug. 19, 1964, Guzman 4550 (COL, ENCB). VENEZUELA, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada, Tele= férico de Mérida, La Aguada Station, July 20, 1971, Guzman 9240; 9286 (ENCB). Sierra Nevada de Santo Domingo, Laguna de Mucubaji, July 28, 1971, Guzman 9235; 9238 (ENCB, MER). The description from Chile of this species given by Singer (1969) agrees well with the concept of the author of the present paper and with those materials from Mexico (Guzmén et al. 1977) and from Europe studied by him. An important feature not mentioned by Singer (1969) is the conspicuous yellow brown pigment incrusted on the walls of the hyphae of the subhymenium, which can be mistaken for irregular or collapsed chrysocystidia. The Colombian and Venezuelan material was collected in the pdramos with Espe- letia, at 3000-3600 m elevation. Psilocybe panaeoliformis Murr. This species was know only from Mississippi and Alaba- ma, U.S.A. (Murrill, 1923; Smith, 1948). It is closely re- lated to P. coprophila (Bull. ex Fr.) Kumm. but differs in the small spores (8.5-) 9.9-11 (-11.5) x 6-7.1 x 5.5-6 in P. panaeoliformis, against (9-) 10-12 (-14) x (6-) 7-9 x 6-7.1 wm in P. coprophila). Both are fimicolous (cow or horse dung) species. P. panaeoliformis reported by Kitamoto et al. (1975) from Japan really is P. coprophila. This ob- servation is based on study by the author of the collec- tions considered by Kitamoto et al. and deposited in,MICH. P. panaeoliformis is reported for first time from Ecua- dor, based on two collections made by Dumont and deposited in NY: Dumont EC-1920, and EC-1921, 22 km from Zamora, road to Loja, Aug. 1, 1975, at 1700 m elevation, gregarious on horse dung. Dumont's collections were compared with the type (NY) and agree well, except for the presence of a more or less developed annulus. They may therefore belong to a new va- riety, but for the moment it appears preferable to refrain from describing a variety because of the lack of sufficient information on the fresh condition. It is possible that we 247 have a case here similar to the one discussed under P. an- dina Guzman Psilocybe pintonii Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 15-40 mm lato, subconvexo vel subumbonato vel subpapillato, demum_frequenter applanato glabro, hygropha- no, brunneolo. Lamellis sinuatis vel adnatis, brunneolis. Stipite 25-60 x 3-5 mm. Subalbo deim pileo Subconcolori, floccoso versus basim. Carne caerulescente, odore farina- Pileus 15-40 mm diam., subconvex to subumbonate or sub~ papillate, sometimes irregularly lobulate, eventually ap- planate or subconcave, smooth, but when young covered by white fibrils from the veil; sometimes slightly rimose, lu- bricous to dry, slightly transparently striate when moist, hygrophanous, brownish to orange brown or chocolate brown, fading to a dirty yellow. Lamellae sinuate or adnate, brownish to gray violet, thick with whitish to concolorous edges. Stipe 25-60 x 3-5 mm, cylindrical, hollow, whitish to subconcolorous with the pileus, covered toward the base by floccose white veil fibrils; base remaining somewhat blackish in dried specimens. Both pileus and stipe stain green-blue when injured. Veil well developmed when young but absent in the adult stage. Context whitish to brownish, fleshy in the pileus, fibrous-hard in stipe; staining blue when cut, with farinaceous odor and taste. Spores (6-) 6.6-7.7 (-8.8) x (3.3-) 4-4.5 um, ellip- soid or subelliptic, somewhat subrhomboid in face view, thin walled, smooth, brownish yellow. Basidia 16-22 x 4.4-8 fam, four-spored, cylindric-pyriform, sometimes sinuos-pyri- form. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 17-20 x 4-7 mun, hyaline, ventricose-fusoid, lageniform, irregularly ventri- cose with constrictions or branched or with capitate to sub- capitate apex, mixed with basidia in different stages of deformation. Subhymenium brownish without incrusting pig- ment, but with thick irregular walls in the hyphae; these 6-25 pm broad. Epicutis subgelatinized, formed by hyaline elongated and parallel hyphae 3-5 pum broad. Hypodermium with hyphae with reddish brownish 4-8 pm broad. Habitat. Solitary or gregarious on soil without herba- ceous vegetation, in paramos with Espeletia, at 3450-3600 m elevation. Studied material. COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca Dept., Pdramo de Palacio, Hacienda La Siberia, road La Calera to La Mina, near the branch to Rincdén del Oso, Aug. 20, 1964, Guzman 248 9160 (ENCB); July .23, 1971, Guzm4n 9762 (Holotype COL; Iso- type ENCB). Discussion. This species is close to P. zapotecorum Heim and P. muliercula Sing. & Smith, and certainly belongs to the same group, but the special cheilocystidia separate it well from the other species. Because of the bluing reac- tion and the farinaceous odor and taste, this is probably a hallucinogenic species, but there is no information about its use. The same situation holds true for P. columbiana. Psilocybe subcubensis Guzman, sp. nov. A Psilocybe cubensis affini differt sporis, 134 x /./-8.8 x 6.6-/.1 um. Ad fimum in regionibus tropicis vel subtropicis. Contla, NE de Tamazula, Jalisco, Mexico, Galindo CENCE) ‘ typus. All macroscopic and microscopic characters of this species seem to agree well with those of P. cubensis, ex- cept for size of the spores. These are (9.9-) li-13 (-14) x 7./-8.8 x 6.6-7.1 sam (see discussion under P. cubensis). The pileus is yellow on the margin to brownish-reddish near the umbo, fading all over to whitish. The lamellae are ad- nate or adnexed, grayish violet to dark violaceous. Stipe whitish, with a well developed white annulus, which becomes stained by spore deposits. Spore print dark brownish violet. Pleurocystidia 16-22 x 10-12 pum, hyaline, not numerous. Cheilocystidia 17-33 x 6.6-9 pm, with necks 2.2-5.5 jm diam., hyaline forming a sterile band at the edge of the Bille, Habitat. Gregarious on cow dung, in tropical regions, rared in subtropical regions. A pantropical and subtropical species. Material studied. MEXICO, Jalisco, NE of Tamazula, Con- tla, Aug. 11, 1974, Galindo (Holotipe ENCB), and several collections from other States of Mexico, e.g. Huautla de Jiménez. HONDURAS, La Mosquitia region, Ahuas, Febr. 10, 1956, Guzman 328-A (ENCB); Guampusirpe, March 1, 1956, Guz- mas 374 (ENCB). COLOMBIA, Santander Dept., Puerto Wilches, between Gomez and km 80 of the railroad to the Atlantic, April 20, 1960, Romero 8361 (COL). Boyacad Dept., Choconta to Aguaclara, June 11, 1976, Dumont CO-4775 (NY), Dumont CO-4855-A. ECUADOR, road to Mendez, near Limén, Aug. 3, 1975, Dumont, EC-2060 (NY). BOLIVIA, Beni Dept., Prov. Vaca Diez, Guayaramerin, March 16, 1959, Singer B-2036 (BAFC; MICH). VENEZUELA, N of Mérida, San Javier del Valle, July 27, 1971, Guzman 9165; 9182; 9183 (ENCB). AUSTRALIA, Queens- land, Breban, March 25, 1974, Watling 10316 (E); near Laboutluse, April 1974, Watling 10778 (E). Discussion. This is a hallucinogenic fungus often mis- taken for P. cubensis. The smaller spores are the only 249 Characteristic feature separating this species from P. cu- bensis. Psilocybe subyungensis Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo ad_10 mm lato, conico vel subpapillato, rufo- brunneo vel alutaceo, hygrophano. Lamellis adnatis, viola- ceo-brunnis. Stipite usque ad 35 x l mm, concolori pileo, floccoso versus basis. Carne caerulescente. Sporis_ 4.4-) sublageniniformibus. Cheilocystidiis 16. -/-12 pm, hyalinis partim ramosis. Epicute subgelatines- cente. Lignicola_ in sylvis, prope El Arco, Macaro, Miranda, Pileus about 10 mm diam., conic to subpapillate, smooth but somewhat striate at the margin, subviscid to dry, hygrophanous, reddish brown or brown, fading to yel- lowish, but staining blue to blakish when injured. Lamellae adnate, violaceous brown, edges concolorous or some whitish and floccose. Stipe about 35 x 1 mm, cylindrical, hollow, reddish brown to darker toward the base, appressed silky floccose from white fibrils, principally at the base. Veil ruddimentary and fugacious in the adult stage. Context brownish, bluing. Odor and taste unknown. Spores (4.4-) 5-6 (-7) x (4-) 4.4-5.5 (-6) x 3.3-4 mn, rhomboid in face view, subelliptic in side view, brownish yellow, with thick wall and distinct broad germ pore, with a short basal appendage. Basidia 10-20 x 4.4-6 pum, four-spo- red, hyaline, vesiculose-cylindric, with a slight constric- tion in the middle. Pleutocystidia 8.8-11 x 3.8-5.5 pm, hyaline, scanty, sublageniform or fusoid-ventricose with short neck, 1-2 um diam. Cheilocystidia 16.5-25 x (5.5-) 7.7-12 pm, hyaline, lageniform, fusoid-ventricose, subpyri- form, clavate, ventricose with constrictions in the middle, ampullaceous to somewhat irregularly branched, often remin- ding one of basidia. Subhymenium brownish yellow with more or less parallel hyphae, strongly irregularly pigmented on the walls. Trama regular, subhyaline or yellowish, with parallel hyphae 7-12 pum broad, with pigment incrusted on the thick walls, with appear perforated. Epicutis subgela- tinized, hyaline with elongated hyphae 3-5 pum broad. Hypo- dermium like the subhymenium and trama. Some parts of the epicutis and subhymenium with blue green diffused pigment in KOH. Clamp connections present. Habitat. Gregarious on very rotten wood inside the forest. Known only from the type locality. Studied material. VENEZUELA, State of Miranda, SW of Macaro, near El Arado, July 28, 1972. Dumont VE-6363 (Holo- tipe MER, Isotype, NY). Discussion. P. subyungensis is close to P. yungensis, but the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia separate the for- ner from the. latter, [tis alsotclose to PP. falteinesa (Murr. ) Smith but according to a study of the type (NY) and Smith's paper (1948), has larger spores, (5.5-) 6-7 (-8) pm long., the cheilocystidia are more uniformly lageniform 16-28 (-33) xX 4.4-6.6 jum. Psilocybe tortipes Speg., Ann. Mus. Nac.Buenas Aires 6:151, 1898. Synonymy of Naematoloma tortipes (Speg.) Guzman, Mycotaxon 6: 476, i078. The author recently transfered this taxon to Naemato- loma (Guzmdn & Vergeer, 1978) after study of the type (LPS 16820), which has spores 12-18 (-19) x (6-) 9.7-15 pm and chrysocystidia 20-45 x 5-15 um. Psilocybe tortipes sensu Rick after study the material: Rick 75 (PACA 1 0) (and in FH, PC, BPI and NY) is another species of Naematoloma, because has spores 10.5-13 (-15) x 6-7.5 pm (Rick, 1961, reported spore size 12-14 x 9-10 pm, as did Spegazzini in the original description) (!). Singer (1951) considered P. tortipes sensu Rick as Naematoloma subumbonatescens (Murr. ) Sing. (a synonym of N. ericaceus Pers. ex Fr.) Smith). Spegazzini himself was apparently not too familiar with P. tortipes, since another collection (LPS 16821) of P. torti- pes is a Panaeolus sp. Psilocybe uruguayensis Singer ex Guzman, sp. nov. Pileo 10-30 mm lato, convexo, laevi, rubro-brunneo vel alutaceo, non caerulescente. Lamellis adnatis, brunneo-vio- Taceis. Stipite 40-55 x 2-3 mm albido vel concolori pileo, annulatuss: Sporis ((/sD-)2 Osc me an 9 inaequilateralibus. Pleurocystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 24.5-32 X 4.5-9 pam, hyalinis, longicollis, Collo 1.5-2 am lato, interdum ramoso. Subhymenio et tramate subbrunneis vel hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis. Ad fimum, Urugua Garcia Zorr6n 2439 (BATC) typus. Pileus 10-30 mm diam., convex, smooth subviscid, brown- ish to brownish yellow, not staining green or blue in any part. Lamellae adnate to somewhat sinuate, brownish to vio- laceous-brown, unicolorous. Stipe 40-55 x 2-3 mm, cylindric, not bulbous, smooth, whitish above to brownish or concolo- rous with pileus below. Annulus membranous, whitish, not staining blue. Context whitish, not bluing. Odor and taste unknown. Spores /(7)'.5- )° 858-11. 3)(-1267) xi/e-8, (-9) exe 6-77 am; ovoid or subrhomboid in face view, inequilateral, smooth, with thick yellowish brown wall, with truncated apex becau- se of a flattened germ pore. Basidia 25-30 x 7.5-9.5 mm, including sterigmata which are 4-6 um long, four-spored, Zot hyaline, subcylindric or vesiculose. Pleurocystidia none. Cheilocystidia 24.5-32 x 4.5-9 um, hyaline, abundant, for- ming a sterile band at the edge of the gills, ventricose- elongated, somewhat pedicellate, but with a narrow and long neck which is 1.5-2 um broad, sometimes branched in old specimens. Subhymenium pale yellowish brown, without incrus= ted pigment. Trama regular, same color as the subhymenium or hyaline, with inflated hyphae up to 35 am broad. Epicu- tis with a thick layer of gelatinous hyphae, parallel to the surface. Clamp connections present. Habitat and distribution. Gregarious on horse dung, only known from the type locality. Studied material. URUGUAY, Montevideo, Parque Nacional Carrasco, April 3, 1960, Garcia Zorrén 2439 (Holotype BAFC: Isotypes in MICH and ENCB). Discussion. The name P. uruguayensis was given to a collection in BAFC by Singer but remained unpublished. Sin- ger thinks that this species stains blue when fresh. It is close to P. blattariopsis (Speg.) Sing. but this species has brown pleurocystidia according to a study of the type (Spegazzini 1535, LPS). It is also close to P. subaerugi- nascens Hdhnel, P. stuntzii Guzman & Ott and P. venenata Imai) Imaz. & Hongo, but differs in the size of the cheilo- cystidia and spores; it is interesting to see the geogra- phical distribution of these species;P. subaeruginascens in only known from Java, P. venenata from Japan and P. stun- tzii from the NW of North America. (See discussion of P. blattariopsis). Psilocybe wrightii Guzman Pileo 25-65 mm lato, subconvexo vel subumbonato, mar- gine substriato, levi, viscido, hygrophano, brunneo vel ru- fobrunneo vel alutaceo. Lamellis subadnatis vel sinnuatis, alutaceo violaceois vel brunneo-violaceis. Stipite 80-95 x 5-9 mm, carneo albido deim brunneolo, ad basim floccoso, caerulescente. Carne caerulescente, odore et sapore farina- locystidiis 13- x 4.59-6 um, hyalinis, brevibus collo 2-2.) um diam. Epicute gelatinascente. Ad terram, grammnini- cola, prope Estacion de Aforos, road -Tucuman to Tafi del Pileus 25-65 mm diam., subconvex to subumbonate, smooth to substriate at the margin, some rimose in old spe- cimens, viscid to subviscid, hygrophanous, brown or reddish brown to brownish yellow, some straw-colored. Lamellae sub- adnate or sinuate, yellowish violaceous to brownish viola- ceous or chocolate brown, somewhat mottled; edges whitish to concolorous. Stipe 80-95 x 5-9 mm, cylindrical, equal or Doe slightly subbulbous, hollow, whitish to yellowish, finally brown reddish to blackish; staining blue when touched or injured; covered by floccose white fibrils toward the base. Context white and fleshy in the pileus, yellowish and sub- gelatinous to subcartilaginous in the stipe; staining blue when cut. Odor and taste farinaceous. Spore print dark vio- laceous-brown. Spores (6-.) 6.6-71.7 (-8.5) x 5.5-6.6),.G-7.1) % 3i0e5 jam, subrhomboid, some obscurely angular in face view, but broadly elliptic or subelliptic in side view, smooth, yel- lowish brown thick walled, with broad flattened germ pore. Basidia 20-30 x 6-8 pm, four spored, vesiculose-pyriform, with a slight constriction in the middle. Pleurocystidia 15-22 x 5,.5-6.6 um, hyaline, not abundant, vesiculose-fu- soid, attenuate above and with a rounded nucro or sublage- niform, neck 3.3-4 um across. Cheilocystidia 13-22 x 4.5-6 jum hyaline, ventricose-rostrate, with necks 2-2.5 pm, for- ming a sterile band along the gill edge. Subhymenium yel- lowish with irregular brownish yellow pigment incrustations. Trama hyaline to yellowish, parallel, colored by brownish yellow pigmented irregularly incrusted hyphae which often resemble collapsed chrysocystidia. Epicutis formed by sub- gelatinized parallel hyphae, which are elongated to subglo- bose, hyaline to brownish. Hypodermium yellowish or hyalie, with some latiferous hyphae, hyaline or brownish, 5-/7 sum broad. Clamp connections present. Habitat. Gregarious on grassy soil outside of the sub- tropical forest at 900 m elevation. Studied material. ARGENTINA, road Tucuman to Tafi del Valle; 3° km-W of Station: Aforos,, Febr.nlS,-19/1,,-Gugmar 8683 (Holotype BAFC; Isotype ENCB). Discussion. P. wrightii is close to P. caerulescens Murr. but the pleurocystidia and the pigmented trama separa- te it from the latter as well, as the thin floccose stipe: The report .of P. caerulescens by Singer and Digilio (1951) from the Rio de los Sosas, which is close to Aforo Station, it is possible a record of P. wrightii (no material of that species was available to the author in LIL and in BAFC). The species here described, is certainly hallucinogenic be- cause of its bluing, and its taste and flavor. It is named after Dr. J.E. Wright, who helped the author during his collecting trip to Argentina in 1971. Psilocybe yungensis Singer & Smith This species was described (Singer & Smith, 1958) from Bolivia and more late (Heim & Wasson, 1958) reported from Mexico; both localities in deciduous forests at 1500-2000 m alt. The study of the type (Singer B-648, MICH) as well as many collections from Mexico (in ENCB) let to the author to know the: variation. on the form of the pileus: and) to est- 255 ablish that P. yungensis var-diconica Sing. & Smith descri- bed from the same locality of the type variety (Singer & Smith, 1958) is a synonym of that. The obconic or conic pa- pilla on the pileus is the only feature used by Singer and Smith to separate both taxa, but as it is possible to find intermediate specimens in the same population, the author did not think sufficiently distinct to separate both forms. Even, studying the plates of P. yungensis in Heim & Wasson (1958) and in Heim et al. (1967) it is possible to see the variation of the pileus, from conic to papillate in dif- ferent forms, both in wild or culture specimens. This va- riation,ol;the piteus is also possible ‘to.observe.in P. hoogshageni Heim, P. zapotecorum Heim emend. Guzman and in P. fagicola Heim (this latter only known from Mexico). The spores of P. yungensis are (4.4-) 5-6 (-7) x (3.8-) 4.4-5 (-6.2) x 3.3-4 jum. Psilocybe zapotecorum Heim emend. Guzman, Nova Hedwigia, 19/77 Until now this species was known only from Mexico (Heim and Wasson, 1958) growing on muddy soil in the sub- tropical forest. Recently (Guzman, 1977-B) made an emenda- tion and included P. candidipes Sing. & Smith and P. boli- varii Guzman as synonyms. P. zapotecorum is indeed very variable in the form and the colors of the fruiting body, but the microscopic characteristics are constant. The South American material here studied agrees well with the type and with other Mexican specimens. They have spores (5-) 6-7 (2/55) x C3. 3-.). 3..5-3.8 -(-4.2) um, elliptic, brownish pal- lid thin walled. Pleurocystidia 21-30 x 9.9-14 um, hyaline or occasionally brownish, globose-piriform. Cheilocystidia 13-25 x 3.5-6 um, hyaline, fusoid-ventricose or lanceolate pyriform, some with long necks, singly or rarely branched. All carphores are strongly bluing, even in the hymenium and subhymenium (in KOH). ParszapolLecorum) is Close to —. -ageeri= cola Sing. & Smith as was discussed in this paper. The ma- terial studied so far represents new records of this spe- cies. Stuateq material. PERU, Dept .O1 iduanuco, road *to Pu~ Calpa, 38 km from Tingo Maria, July 4, 1976, 1600 m eleva- tion, Dumont PE-756 (NY); PE-809 (NY). BRAZIL, Parque do Estado Sao Paulo, June 13, 1961, Furtado (SP, 62044; ENCB). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses his thanks to the Guggenheim Me- morial Foundation of New York for support of this study through a-grant in 19/71. The directors and curators of the following Institutions helped the author by loans of herba- rium material and in the organization of field trips: Ins- tituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad de los An- des (Venezuela), Instituto de Botanica de Sao Paulo, Insti- tuto de Biociencias de la Universidad de Rios Grande do Sul (Brazil), Herbario Anchieta ot Sao Leopoldo (Brazil), Facul- tad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto Spegazzini and Instituto Miguel Li- llo. Dr. R. Singer kindly authorized the use of his notes to describe three of the new species here proposed; he also revised this paper and correcting the Latin dignoses of the new species. Dr. K. Dumont kindly sent to the author all his collections of Psilocybe in NY trom South and Central America. Dr. J. Wright kindly helped the author during his trips throwuen Argentina. Dr. P. Pinto andvpr. J.M. vidroue assisted the author during his two trips in Colombia, Dr. J.S. Furtado, Drs. A. Teixeira and M.H. Homrich helped the author during his stay in Brazil and Dr. E. Horak sent his collections from Argentina. The author expresses his thanks to Paul Vergeer from San Francisco for reading the manus- Cript and considerably improving the English text. LULERAIURE. CULED Dennis, R.W.G., 1970. Fungus flora of Venezuela and adja- cent countries. Cramer, Lehre. Guzman, G., 1977-A. Observations on the evolution of Psilo- eybe and description of four new species’ from Mexican tropical forests. Beih. Nova Hedwigia (in press). Guzman, G., 1977-B. Further investigations of the Mexican hallucinogenic mushrooms with descriptions of new taxa and critical observations on additional taxa.Beih.Nova Hedwigia (in press). Guzman, G., 1978. Variation, distribution, ethnomycological data and relationships of Psilocybe aztecorum, a Mexi- can hallucinogenic mushroom. Mycologia 70 Cin press). Guzman, G. and J. Ott, 1976. Description and chemical ana- lysis of a new species of hallucinogenic Psilocybe from the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia 68: 1261-1267. Guzman, G., L. Varela y J. Pérez Ortiz, 1977. Las especies no alucinantes del género Psilocybe conocidas en Méxi- Go... Bol. Soc’ Mex. Mic. 7 Ia 53-35. Guzman, G. and P.P. Vergeer, 1978. Index of taxa in the genus Psilocybe. Mycotaxon 6: 464-476. Heim, R. and R.G. Wasson, 1958. Les Champignons hallucino- genes du Mexique. Ed. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., Paris. Heim, R.| R. Cailleux, R.Gs Wasson’and P. hévenard, 1767. Nouvelles investigations sur les champignons halluci- nogenes. Ed. Mus. Hist. Nat. d'Hist. Nat., Paris. 209 Herter, G., 1933. Florula uruguayensis plantae avasculares. Ostenia, 364 pp., Montevideo. Horak, E., 1967. Fungi Austroamericani, IV Darwiniana 14: 355-374. Kitamoto, Y., T. Horikushi, N. Husoi and Y. Ichikawa, 1975. Nutritional study of fruit body formation in Psilocybe panaeoliformis. Trans Mycol. Soc. Jap. 16: 268-281. M6ller, F.F., 1945. Fungi of the Faerdes I-II,pp.1-295 and 1-286, Einar Munksgaar, Copenhagen. Murrill, W.C., 1923. Dark-spored agarics, V. Mycologia 15: 1-22 Rick, J., 1961. Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul. Brasilia, 5. Agaricaceae. Iheringia 8: 296-450. Singer, R., 1950. Type studies on Basidiomycetes, IV. Lilloa 23: 147-246. ,» 1953. Type studies on Basidiomycetes, VI. Li- lloa 26: 57-159. » 1959. New and interesting species of Basidiomy- cetes. Mycologia 51: 578-594, » 1960. Dos especies interesantes de Agaricales en Punta Lara. Bol. Soc. Argentina de Bot. 8: 216-218. » 1969. Mycoflora australis. Nova Hedwigia 29, Cramer, Lehre. ,» 1973. Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium III. Sydowia 7: 1-106. » and A.P.L. Digilio, 1951. Préddomo de la flora argentina. Lilloa 25: 5-461. » and A.H. Smith, 1958. Mycological investiga- tions on Teonandcatl, the Mexican hallucinogenic mushroom, II.-Mycologia 50: 262-303. Smith, A.H., 1948. Dark-spored agarics. Mycologia 40: 669- Spegazzini, C., 1898. Fungi Argentini novi v. critici. An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires VI (Reprint 1971, Linn. Press, Amsterdam). » 1919. Reliquiae mycologicae tropicae. Bol. Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba (Argentina) 23: 365-609. MY COTAXON ae ee Vor Vil NOt wpe 2502264 July-September 1978 STUDIES IN THE GENUS CORTINARIUS, IV: SECTION DERMOCYBE, NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES JOSEPH F. AMMIRATI Department of Botany, Untverstty of Toronto Erindale College, Mississauga, Ontarto and ALEXANDER H. SMITH Herbartum, The University of Mtchtgan Ann Arbor, Michigan SUMMARY Two new species of Cortinarius, C. cascadensis and C. tdahoensts, are described from western North America. Both are in the section Dermocybe. INTRODUCTION In our investigations of Dermocybe in North America we have designated several new taxa (1-4). Certain species, Such as C. tneognitus Ammirati and Smith, seem to be widespread and fairly common, while others, for example C. humboldtensts Ammirati and Smith, appear to be relatively rare. Based on collecting done by the authors in the western mountains and coastal regions of North America it appears that both C. cascadensts and C. tdahoensis are rare. These taxa were first recognized as distinct in the early 1970's and since then we have gathered no further ‘bortion of a dissertation submitted by the senior author to the Graduate School of The University of Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 207, information on them. With the publication of their descriptions here it is hoped that workers in western North America will search for these species in their mushroom Plone: Microscopic studies were made from freehand sections mounted in KOH (2.5% aqueous solution) and Melzer's reagent. Macroscopic color reactions were made with 2.5% KOH. Specific color designations capitalized and enclosed in parentheses are from R. Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature (5). Uncapitalized color terms are regarded as useful approximations. Collections cited in ‘Collections examined’ are deposited in The University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH). CORTINARIUS CASCADENSIS Ammirati.and Smith, Sp. Nov. Fig. | Pileus 10-35 mm latus, convexus demum plano-convexus vel planus vel umbonatus, stccus, appresso-fibrillosus, margine oltvaceo-fulvus, dtsco rufo-brunneus; contextus suboltvaceo-flavus; odor et sapor nullt; superfictes ptlet et lamellae rufescentes tn soluttone kalitt hydroxtdt. Lamellae confertae demum subdtssttae, tnttto sordtde oltvaceo-flavae detnde ferrugineo-brunneae, numquam auranttacae. Stipes 20-55 mm longus, 2-8 mm crassus, aequalts vel subclavatus, bubaltno-flavus, fibrilits bubaltno-flavts vel subochracets obtectus. Sporae 6-7.5 (-8) x (38.5) 4-4.5 um, elltpttcae, verruculosae. Holotypus: J.F. Ammiratt 6156 (MICH), prope Ltneoln Co., Oregon, November ll, 1971. PILEUS 10-35 mm broad, at first obtusely convex, expanding to plano-convex or plane, umbonate to subumbonate, with the margin incurved to decurved, opaque, moist to dry, appressed fibrillose, margin at first olivaceous (01d Gold) with faint olive-yellow (Aniline Yellow) tones alona the edge and sometimes streaked reddish brown to dull brown, becoming more ochraceous to light fulvous (Ochraceous-Tawny) or reddish brown (Tawny) and in age sometimes shaded or streaked deep reddish brown (Warm Sepia or blackish Warm Sepia), disc at first more or less reddish brown (Tawny) becoming deeper reddish brown (Warm Sepia to Seal Brown). Context in younger basidiocarps watery olive or dull light yellow faded, in age more olive or shaded with reddish brown 258 tones; odor not distinctive, taste not distinctive or raphanoid. LAMELLAE close becoming subdistant, adnexed to uncinate, more or less ventricose mature, edges serrate, at first dull olive-yellow (Aniline Yellow) to brownish olive-yellow with olive-yellow edges, slowly more brownish to rusty brown and when real old rusty reddish brown or deep rusty brown, never passing through a distinct orange stage. STIPE 20-55 mm lona, apex 2-8 mm thick, equal or the base slightly enlarged, terete, apex silky and at first light dull yellow (Mustard Yellow) to buffy yellow (Buff- Yellow) or more ochraceous, from near the apex to the base covered by a more or less continuous sheath of buffy yellow (Buff-Yellow) to light ochraceous appressed fibrils, overall soon becomina watery orange-ochraceous to dul] orange or orange-tawny, lower portion finally watery reddish brown (+ Tawny) or darker reddish brown (Russet to Chestnut), in age the color may become sordid. Context Stuffed, becoming hollowed, cortex dull ochraceous-orange and darkening as the surface, pith pale ochraceous buff to pale ochraceous or slightly orange-ochraceous. PILEUS SURFACE AND LAMELLAE of fresh basidiocarps reddish with KOH. SPORES 6-7.5 (-8) x (3.5-) 4-4.5 um, in profile elliptic and obscurely- to somewhat inequilateral, in face view ovate to somewhat elliptic, verruculose, in KOH pale to light brown or pale yellow-brown, in Melzer's light yellow-brown to liaht yellowish oranae-brown. BASIDIA 4-spored, 22-31 x 5-8 (-9) um, clavate to somewhat ventricose, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline or less commonly containing concentrated yellow piament or some more or less filled with yellow particles, in Melzer's pale yellow or more or less filled with yellow to yellow-oranae particles. PLEUROCYSTIDIA absent. CHEILOCYSTIDIA not well differentiated, 10-16 x 5-8 um, clavate to narrowly clavate, thin-walled, in KOH and Melzer's similar to basidia. SUBHYMENIAL HYPHAE compactly interwoven, cylindrical, 3-7 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH and Melzer's as for hyphae of the lamellar trama. TRAMAL HYPHAE OF LAMELLAE subparal lel to slightly interwoven, cylindrical to more or less inflated, 8-28 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale yellow, some containing concentrated yellow pigment or yellow particles, in Melzer's pale yellow. CUTICULAR HYPHAE OF PILEUS interwoven, more or less radially arranged, cylindrical to slightly inflated, 4-15 ym wide, thin-walled (up to 1.5 um thick), in KOH hyaline to light yellow-brown or containing more or less concentrated brownish to vinaceous brown pigment, in Melzer's hyaline to brownish or yellowish brown; pileocystidia absent. TRAMAL HYPHAE OF PILEUS interwoven, more or less radially arranged, cylindrical to inflated, 8-30 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline, pale yellow or pale yellow-green, some containing yellow to orange particles, in Melzer's pale yellow, some containing yellowish particles. CORTICAL HYPHAE OF STIPE longitudinally arranged, subparallel to more or less interwoven, cylindrical to more or less inflated, 8-25 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale yellowish, some filled with concentrated yellow pigment or containina yellowish particles, in Melzer's pale yellow to yellowish brown; caulocystidia present near the stipe apex, 15-60 x 7-15 um, clavate to narrowly clavate or cylindrical, Sometimes with a rounded-mucronate apex, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale yellow, in Melzer's pale yellowish. CORTICAL HYPHAE cylindrical, 3-7 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale yellow, some containing yellow particles, in Melzer's pale yellow. CLAMP CONNECTIONS of the normal type, present throughout the basidiocarp. OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE present, in KOH yellowish to somewhat greenish or olivaceous. INTERHYPHAL PIGMENT DEPOSITS present in the pileus and lamellar trama and in the stipe cortex, in KOH yellow, yellowish green or olive-yellow, in Melzer's yellowish. Gregarious on humus, rotten wood and on moss-covered base of hemlock trees, mixed conifer forest (hemlock, Douglas fir and spruce), November. C. cascadensts iS a very striking species character- ized by an olive to fulvous or more reddish brown pileus, persistently dull olive-yellow lamellae and a dull yellow or buff-yellow to ochraceous stipe which soon becomes watery orange-ochraceous to dull orange throughout. The olive-yellow lamellae distinguish it from Species with orange lamellae, such as C. zakizt Ammirati and Smith and C. eroceofolius Peck. C. humboldtensts Ammirati and Smith is distinguished from C. cascadensts by its larger spores, the dark inky-violet KOH reaction of fresh pilei and the lack of strong orange colors in the stipe. C. oltvaceoptetus Ammirati and Smith has in common with C. cascadensis small spores and yellowish olive lamellae. The former, however, has a strongly olivaceous stipe with ferruginous to orange fibrils or fibrillose zones on the 260 Surface, a strongly olive-colored context and very smal] interhyphal pigment deposits. C. caseadensts is named after Cascade Head Experimental Forest, Lincoln Co., Oreaon. Collection examined: OREGON: SEI ncolne tr.) eae Ammirati 6156 (holotype, MICH). CORTINARIUS IDAHOENSIS Ammirati and Smith, Sp. Nov. FIiaS. 2: andes Pileus 20-40 em latus, obtusus vel convexus, detnde Late convexus vel planus, fibrtllosus, subhygrophanus, fuseus demum oltvaceo-brunneus; contextus oltvaceus demum ochraceus; odor indistinetus, sapor plusmtnusve amarus; superfictes ptlet rufo-brunnea tn soluttone kaltitr hydroxtdt. Lamellae confertae, adnexae, ferrugitneo- ochraceae vel aurantto-ochraceae. Sttpes 40-70 mm longus, 5-L0 mm crassus, aequalis, ferrugineo-ochraceus, fibrilits ochracets obtectus. Sporae 7-9 x 4.5-5.5 um, ellipsotdeae, verruculosae. Hyphae cuticulae intertextae, ptgmentta caeruleo-purpurea tn soluttone kalit hydroxidt praebentes. Holotypus: AJH. Gimth- 71073. (MICH), prope Bonner "Coe, LOGO, \OctCODer Orr Tobe. PILEUS (10-) 20-40 mm broad, obtuse to convex, becoming broadly convex to plane, with the marain incurved to decurved, fibrillose, moist and often fadina (subhygrophanous), dark brown (a dark Bister) to dark cinnamon (Warm Sepia) moist, fadina to olive-brown (Tawny- Olive), more or less opaque at all staaes. Context olive when moist, ochraceous faded; odor indistinctive, taste more or less bitter. LAMELLAE adnexed, close, broad, rusty ochraceous becoming ferruginous (near Sanford's Brown), then oranqge- ochraceous to orange-fulvous. STIPE 40-70 mm long, 5-10 mm thick, equal or nearly SO, near rusty ochraceous and darkening (more ochraceous ) from the base upward, with a covering of ochraceous fibrils. Context solid becoming hollowed, rusty ochraceous within to the base, in base orange-fulvous to dark fulvous. PILEUS SURFACE of fresh basidiocarps reddish brown with KOH. 261 SPORES 7-9 x 4.5 - 5.5 um, in profile elliptic and obscurely- to somewhat inequilateral, in face view elliptic to ovate, verruculose, in KOH brownish to pale fulvous, in Melzer's light yellowish to yellowish brown. BASIDIA 4-spored, 24-35 x 5.5 - 7 um, clavate to more or less ventricose, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale vinaceous or containing particles and masses of deep red to vinaceous red pigment, in Melzer's light yellow or containing yellowish, brownish, orange, or reddish orange particles. PLEUROCYSTIDIA absent. CHEILOCYSTIDIA: 8-17 x 6-8 um, slavate to broadly clavate, thin-walled, in KOH and Melzer's similar to basidia. SUBHYMENIAL HYPHAE compactly interwoven, cylindrical, 2-5 (-6) um wide, thin-walled, in KOH and Melzer's as for the hyphae of the lamellar trama. TRAMAL HYPHAE OF LAMELLAE subparallel to slightly interwoven, cylindrical to more or less inflated, 5-25 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale vinaceous, in Melzer's yellowish. CUTICULAR HYPHAE OF PILEUS interwoven, more or less radially arranged, cylindrical to more or less inflated, 4.5 - 18 (-20) um wide, thin-walled (up to 1.5 um thick), in KOH hyaline to pale brownish or containing a more or less concentrated reddish brown, vinaceous brown, or olive-brown to olive pigment, some containing colorless droplets and granules or particles of bluish to bluish purple pigment, in Melzer's yellowish, yel]ow-brown, yellowish orange-brown, or yellow-orange, some containina droplets and colorless granules; pileocystidia absent. TRAMAL HYPHAE OF PILEUS interwoven, more or less radially arranged, cylindrical to inflated, 6-40 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline to pale brownish or pale vinaceous in the lower portion, above (in the subcuticular zone) containina particles of bluish to bluish purple pigment, in Melzer's light yellowish below, above (in the subcuticular zone) as for the hyphae of the pileus cuticle. CORTICAL HYPHAE OF STIPE longitudinally arranged, subparallel to slightly interwoven, cylindrical to more or less inflated, 6-25 um wide, thin-walled, in KOH hyaline or pale pinkish to pale vinaceous, some containing colorless droplets and granules, in Melzer's pale yellow to light yellow, often containing droplets and granules; caulocystidia present on the stipe apex, 35-88 x 8-15 um, cylindrical to tapered, not wel] differentiated, thin-walled, in KOH and Melzer's as for the basidia. CORTINAL HYPHAE cylindrical, 3-10 (-12) um wide, thin-walled, in KOH as for the hyphae of the stipe cortex or some containing a more or less concentrated reddish pigment, in Melzer's yellowish. CLAMP CONNECTIONS of the normal type, present throughout the basidiocarp. 262 2 FIGS. 1-2: Basidiospores (x 1800). 1. Corttnarius cascadensts. 2. Cortinartus tdahoensts. OLEIFEROUS HYPHAE present in the pileus trama and stipe cortex, in KOH slightly vinaceous to yellow-olive or olive, in Melzer's none observed. INTERHYPHAL PIGMENT DEPOSITS present in the pileus and lamellar trama and in the stipe cortex, in KOH red to vinaceous, sometimes fadina to yellowish, in Melzer's yellow, orange, or reddish oranae. Gregarious under conifers on humus or rotted wood, September through November. Collections examined: IDAHO: Bonner Co.: A.H. Smith 71073 (holotype, MICH). WASHINGTON: Clallam Co.: AetHe- Smith 17294. The most striking characteristic of this species is the presence of bluish to bluish purple particles of pigment in the hyphae of the cuticle and subcuticle of the pileus when mounted in KOH. This tyoe of KOH reaction is not common in Dermocybe but does occur in C. hwnboldtensis, a species with olive-yellow lamellae, and C. semisangutneus (Fries) Gillet and its relatives, which have red lamellae. Another interestina feature of C. tdahoensts is the tendency of the pileus to lose moisture and fade (subhygrophanous) from reddish brown to olive-brown. This 263 has been recorded for most of the specimens collected so far and seems to be a fairly constant characteristic. Truly hyarophanous pilei are not characteristic of Dermocybe . The rusty ochraceous to orange ochraceous lamellae of C. tdahoensts indicates some affinity with Dermocybes that have orange lamellae. At least two species with Orange lamellae, C. zgakit and C. aurantiobasts Ammirati and Smith, occur fairly commonly in areas of western North America where C. tdahoensts has been found. C. zaktt has deep orange lamellae when young, spores (6-) 6.5 - 8(-9) x 4 - 4.5 (-5) um, and a coating of dull brown to vinaceous brown fibrils over the stipe surface. C. auranttobasts 1s easily separated from C. tdahoensts by its large spores (8.5 - 11(-12) x 5-6 um). FIG. 3: Cortinarius tdahoensis, x 1 (A.H. Smith 17294). 264 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr. J.M. Trappe, and the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Mr. Philip Briegleb, Director, for many courtesies including the use of the facilities at the Cascade Head Experimental Forest, Otis, Oregon. For financial support during portions of this study we are indebted to the National Science Foundation (Grants GB-6876X and GB-16969). Finally, we thank Mrs. B. Malloch for help in preparina the manuscript for publication and Mrs. E. Thiers for writing the Latin diagnoses. LITERATURE. CITED Ae, Ammirati, J.F. Jr., and A.H. Smith. 1969. Studies in the genus Cortinarius, I: Section Dermocybe, Cortinartus auretfoltus complex. Mich. Bot. 8: 175-180. On Ammiraticed 1973b. “Annotated list of microfungi fromuthe Nandi Hills, “Mysore. Mysore J. -Agriciscisa7< O0-—4ide. Sutton, B. Cy,-and C. Ss; Hodges, Jr.) .L9Yvs »mucalypede microfungi miscellaneous hyphomycetes. Nova Hedwigia Be oto anne Sydow, H., and PP.’ Sydow. 91909. “Micromycetes japonicis Annis Mycol. is 2Oo2y MYCOTAXON VO Uta ileweNO..28 29.oppie 2652520 July-September 1978 STUDIES IN THE LICHEN FAMILY PHYSCIACEAE. II THE GENUS PHAEOPHYSCIA IN NORTH AMERICA THEODORE L. ESSLINGER Department of Botany North Dakota State Universtty Fargo, Worth Dakota 58102 SUMMARY The lichen genus Phaeophyscia Moberg ts dtstingutshed from Physcia by the lack of atran- orin, a generally more browntsh coloration, and the paraplectenchymatous lower cortex. Wineteen spectes of Phaeophyscia, tneluding newly des- ertbed Ph. hirtella Fssl., are currently known from North Amertca. Physcia melanchra Aue, Physcia nepalensis Poelt, Phaeophyscia cerno- horskyi (Wa@dv.) Essl., Ph. endococcinodes (Poelt) Essl.. and Ph. imbricata (Vain.) FEssl. are re- ported for the first time from North America. A key to the spectes of Phaeophyscia tn North America and.a discusston of each spectes are provided. Since the time of Linnaeus and his monogeneric Lichen, the genus concept in lichenology has undergone a slow but steady process of narrowing and refinement. The last two decades have seen a decided acceleration of this process and the number of segregate genera recognized, particularly in such widespread macrolichen families as the Parmeliaceae and Physciaceae, is growing steadily. Increasingly, lichenologists are acknowledging the artificiality of combining numerous, often vastly disparate species into large and cumbersome genera, sometimes based on little more than similarities in habit. An excellent example of this general trend is found in the genus Phys- Cia. What was recognized only a few years ago as the 284 single genus Physcta is today generally divided into five distinct genera: Physcta, Physconta, Physctopsits, Dirtin- aria, and Pyxine. These segregates were based on various characters involving thallus habit, anatomy of the upper and lower cortices, apothecial anatomy, spore type, conid- jum type, and chemistry (e.g., Poelt, 1965). (The general acceptance of these segregate physcioid genera reflects a healthy trend becoming apparent throughout lichen taxonomy today. The Genus Phaeophyscta And Its Delimitation Very recently another genus has been added to the list of Physcta segregates. In his fine paper on Fennoscandian Physetae, Moberg (1977) erected the new genus Phaeophyscta to encompass those species that lack atranorin and often have a brownish coloration. This delimitation corresponds approximately to what was known variously in the past as "the Physeta orbtcularts group,'' or as some infrageneric taxon bearing the epithet Obscura (section, subsection, or "sroup')).:) Inpaddition to the-lack of arranorintandeatne usually brownish coloration, Moberg cited other correlative characters delimiting Phaeophyscta from Physcta. In his investigations, he found that all the brownish, atranorin- absent species possess ellipsoid conidia less than 4 pm in length while all of the gray, atranorin-present species (Physeta sensu stricto) possess cylindrical conidia typic- ally greater than 4 pm in length. Because of this apparent absolute correlation, Moberg chose to emphasize conidium type in his delimitation of Phaeophyscta. My own investigations with this group confirm Moberg's findings regarding the correlation of atranorin production and conidium type. However, my interpretation of the data and thus my delimitation of the genus Phaeophyscta differ slightly from Moberg's. The majority of the species that Moberg would include in Phaeophyscta (by virtue of their lack of atranorin and their ellipsoid conidia) also have distinctly paraplectenchymatous lower cortices (see Fig. 1), whereas the majority of those he would leave in Physcta have distinctly prosoplectenchymatous lower cortices (sensu Hale, 1975; see Fig. 2). There is one species group, how- ever, the Physcta luganensts group, which is anomalous with regard to these characters. It is non-Fennoscandian and therefore not dealt with directly by Moberg, but only by implication. It is with regard to the placement of this group that my delimitation of Phaeophyscia differs somewhat 289 Figure 1. Scanning electron micrograph of a longitudinal section through a lobe of Phaeophyscia pustllotdes [Mereschkowsky (US)], X400. Figure 2. Scanning electron micrograph of a longitudinal section through a lobe of Physeta luganensts [Wetmore 22984 (US) | from Moberg's. Asia nesult of their lack, ofeatranorin.and, their poss-— ession of short, ellipsoid conidia, the four related spec- ies of the Physcta luganensis group (including also Physeta melanchra, Ph. nepalensis, and Ph. dentgrata) would be in- 286 cluded in Phaeophyscta according to Moberg's delimitation. However, the four have other characters that place them closer to Physcta than to Phaeophyscita. Each has the dis- tinctly prosoplectenchymatous lower cortex (Fig. 2) so characteristic of Physcta sensu stricto. Also, when fert- ile, the base of the apothecia lack any evidence of the corona" of rhizines common to virtually all Phaeophysctae. Yet the dogmatic acceptance of conidium type as the single defining character between Physcta and Phaeophyscta would result in the unnatural placement of these four species into Phaeophyscta. Such placement would result, for in- stance, in the separation into different genera of Physcta stellarts (L.) Nyl. and Ph. nepalensts, two species nearly identical except for the production by one (the former) of atranorin. When making generic delimitations, it is neces- sary to consider the entire array of available characters rather than attempting to put undue emphasis on any single character, such as conidium type. At the very least, these four species form a somewhat anomalous group and no im- provement would be made by transferring them to Phaeo- physeta. Because of their superficial similarity to that genus, however, they are discussed below and are included in the key. The following table will serve to summarize the dis- tinguishing characteristics of the two genera Phaeophyscta and Physcta as conceived by me. As delimited here, Physcta still contains several anomalous groups which would fit even less well into Phaeophyscta (e.g., the Physceta trtbac- totdes Nyl. group). __PHAEOPHYSCIA _ —PHYSCIA _ Lower cortex paraplecten- Lower cortex usually proso- chymatous plectenchymatous Lower cortex usually black Lower cortex usually white or tan Atranorin absent; upper Atranorin usually present cortex K- in the upper cortex and sometimes in the medulla; upper cortex usually K+ yellow Medullary anthraquinones Medullary anthraquinones frequent unknown Excipular cortex often with Excipular cortex mostly + darkened rhizines around lacking rhizines; cort- base of apothecia; hyaline ical hairs lacking cortical hairs in some 287 Spore Character And Species Delimitation Although the basic spore type for virtually all the Physciaceae appears to be the dark (gray or brown), two- celled spore, a number of variations on the theme have been described (Poelt, 1965). These variations involve primar- ily the relation between spore size, the size and shape of the cell lunina, and the resulting thickness of the spore wall. Such variations in spore type have been shown to be significant and useful characters for use in the delimit- ation of many of the genera in the Physciaceae (Poelt, 1965, 1966; Kashiwadani, 1975; Moberg, 1977). Within the genera Physcta and Phaeophyscta, the most frequently used spore character has been size differential. No consistent spore character differences exist between the two genera. However, although they were not used by Kashiwadani (1975) or Moberg (1977), two basically different and taxonomically useful types of spore are found among the various species of Physcta and Phaeophyscta: Physcta-type (Figs. 3-8): This type of spore is char- acterized by very unevenly thickened spore walls, with the end walls and usually the adjacent walls (comprising the septum) notably thicker than the side walls. Typically the lumina of such cells are angular, the pair of lumina in a single spore then approximating an hour-glass shape. Occ- asionally the lumina of Physcta-type spores are somewhat rounded instead of angular but even then they are generally broader than they are long and the side walls are therefore decidedly thinner than the end walls. Pachysporarta-type (Figs. 9-13): Spores of this type are characterized by spore walls that are only slightly un- evenly thickened, the side walls being slightly or not at all thinner than the end walls. The lumina of such spores tend to be rounded and nearly isodiametric or (more often) longer than they are broad. Occasionally secondary locules will form in the walls at the opposite ends of the spores. The existence and usefulness of these two spore types within Physcta (including Phaeophyscta) was discussed in some detail by Poelt (1974) who utilized them as species level characters, for instance, in separating Physcta endo- eoecina (with Physcta-type spores) from Physcta endococcin- odes (with Pachysporaria-type spores). My own observations have shown that species defined on other morphological and/ or chemical characters seem always to have one spore type 288 Fig. 3-8. Physeia-type ascospores, all X 1100. -3. Phaeo- physcta decolor, mature (left) and postmature (right), Hss- linger 5216 (Herb. Esslinger). -4. Ph. erythrocardta, Pringle 10718 (US). -5. Ph. imbricata from Japan, Kasht- wadant 9536 (TNS). -6. Ph. tmbricata from North America, 289 Fig. 9-13. Pachysporarita-type ascospores, all X1100. -9. Physcia lacinulata, Pittter 5064 (G, lectotype). -10. Ph. trichophora, Kashtwadant 8913 (TNS). -11& 13. Ph. de- nigrata, Asahina 32 (TNS). -12. Phaeophyscta lacintata Essl. ined., postmature (left) and mature, Hale 31529 (US). or the other(e.g., Phaeophyscta adiastola and Ph. rubropul- chra; see Esslinger, 1977). In most cases other correla- tive characters in addition to the spore type differences can be found. I therefore support Poelt‘s use of spore type differences as a primary species level character diff- erence. Hall 15 (FH). -7. Ph. leana, Lea (FH-Tuck, holotype), note the one anomalous 3-celled spore. -8. Physcta nepal- ensts, Poelt L1457 (M, holotype). 290 Little difficulty exists in distinguishing between typical, mature spores of the Physcta- and Pachysporarta- types. As pointed out by Poelt (1974), however, the spores of each type go through a series of premature and postmat- ure stages in which they can be difficult or impossible to distinguish. The premature spores are usually easy to rec- ognize by their smaller size and paler color; the postmat- ure spores by their generally darker (more brown than gray) color and generally irregular appearance (see Figs. 3 & 12 in this paper and Poelt's Fig. 1). Premature and postmat- ure spores are almost always in a definite minority in a given apothecial section. Chemistry The Physciaceae, and especially the genera Physcta and Phaeophyseta, exhibit far less of the diversity of differ- ent substances found in some other macrolichen families (e.g., the Parmeliaceae), however most species are charac- terized by a constant chemistry (or lack thereof). With the exception of atranorin, no depsides or depsidones are known in either of these two genera. Characteristic sub- stances include anthraquinones, fatty acids, and terpenoid compounds such as zeorin. All chemical analyses for this paper were performed using thin-layer chromatographic proc- edures essentially as described by Culberson (1972). When using TLC for analysis of lichen substances, low concentrations of the chemicals within the lichen thallus can often cause difficulties in interpretation. In Physcta and Phaeophyscta this seems especially to be a problem with regard to the terpenoid compounds. While some species (e.g., Ph. decolor) produce significant and easily detected amounts of zeorin or other terpenoids, other species are more difficult. Among the species reported in this paper as containing no lichen substances, virtually every one on occasion exhibited unidentifiable terpenoids, usually in very faint traces and usually non-repetitively. Under such circumstances it is difficult to be absolutely certain of the true origin of the substances and they therefore have not been reported. Key To The North American Members Of Phaeophyseta (and K- Physctae) 1. Lobes mostly 2-4 (-5.5) mm broad, flat to more often somewhat concave, especially near the upturned lobe 1. Ze (be 3% 3. 4, 8. ZO tips; thalli relatively large (up to 14 cm diameter), usually with numerous, long (often 2 mm or more) black rhizines on the lower surface and projecting outward and often upward from the margin; with or without sor- ediaponsisidia...% a eee ee Mme COD hYSCTQWItSpLauULa Lobes mostly less than 1.5 mm broad (rarely to 3 mm), more or less flat or occasionally somewhat concave; thalli relatively small (mostly less than 5 cm, rarely up to 10 cm), lower surface with few to many rhizines (mostly 1 mm or less, never over 2 mm) which are seldom conspicuous from above (exceptions: Ph. pustllotdes, EH ERAUPINIO’ ate oot aie le eo ole eG elete oo As tate eae Cte tea e te ee Thallus without soredia, isidia or lobules, primarily eexuaia(tertile) «species... .s..es ess ese ccs sicwcee oO Thallus bearing soredia, isidia or lobules, primarily asexual se (sterile) spectes...m. neue cee ct e close ewes chd Lower surface dark brown to black, with fairly numerous aCe Ed ZIG ales ic aie'sre sis sels sere «eres bole ere sie acta abe elite gra lei Lower surface white to pale tan or very pale brown, Wiehe SDALTSenCONCOLOLOUS ENIZINESs «<< osc oa sis sisveietele sro Apothecial margin and the tips or margins of lobes with small, pale (rarely darkening) cortical hairs (Note: all species of Phaeophyscta may have a "corona" of dark or black rhizines around the base of the apothecia; these should not be confused with the cortical hairs which occur on both the upper part as well as the lower parts of the exciple)........... Me eiciete ie 4 alo lek aia) stn oils niciie shaleiel sue IQ CODY SCL GaNtYrelLa Apothecial margins and lobe margins lacking small, MALE COGEd Cad mena i Sis sigs sie ie e's siete ok eiete. o scetetelerelese tts sista erdty Meculiaeptemonted ered (USkyrin ) i. crt getelete sobs etaeislevece 50 Meduliaenot plemented, (whites sc cccurs sccceisiasciseccsieme © Ascospores of the Pachysporarta-type, with rounded to elongate lumina and relatively thick walls (Figs. 9- 13 )icins eels 4.5 sale sic ae icew «te nl NACOphY Sela. endocoeci nodes Ascospores of the Physcta-type, with angular to some- what rounded (but generally broader than long) lumina and thinner side. waliss (Files. u 5-6) ¢ ore siaie sun oieie sieroisie 77. Amphithecial cortex of smaller cells, 3-7 (-10) um in diameter; lobes flat, ca. 1 mm broad, gray or gray- DLOWNs)_ On. Dark OF OM. MOSSESUOVETOLOC Ke sics « slecucisias ole se ere Beeteretire os wihis e468 9 @ si0is enstt eke Sieie EI C ODN BC LaLeruT nn rocaraTa Amphithecial cortex of larger cells, 6-12 (-15) pm in diameter; lobes flat to weakly convex, mostly 0.5 mm broad or less, brown; on rock. Phaeophyscta endococetna Amphithecial cortex of smaller cells, 3-6 (-8) pm in diameter; lobes flat, mostly 0.5-1.5 mm broad (some 292 forms only ca. 0.2-0.3 mm), gray or gray-brown; on bark Or mosses. over rock, rarely onv rock... se ws , Sanicraae eee gi sca se er oeopnyeera ciliata 8. Rnpiienectal beans of larger cells, 6-10 (-12) pm in diameter; lobes flat to weakly convex, mostly 0.5 mm broad or less, brown; on rock... Phaeophyscta decolor 9, Thallus of numerous, crowded ("turf-like"), long and narrow, mostly ascending lobes; generally on soil or mosses in arctic or alpine localities. wees siete tie se ereneee So ORAM Ee aperatare g ehacerec eee Phacopnyscta consttpata oe fpeulio: prostrate and adnate; generally on bark, more SOUENCEIN ..s «.<.- oa ea eeenere ome es a si erersie cratetaes cer ao Lae) 10. Lower cortex aetna ola Seah ve Icy eastern, very. AL Ol. ai tae CE geaee wet Sect wee eee Phaeophyseta leana 10. Lower cortex BP aebniee roneimiacore western, rare... ORIGINS eRe ord ator FSET ane chow . Physcta nepalensts Bb by: Medulla a eemeneda beiehe red, K+ violet (skyrin).. oie reek Cee ot ..«. Phaeophyscta mibropulehva ibis Medu 1a Wild Ges «cies ess Sepals citar ete s¥ere ei slate ates ois is ee are uncom 12. -Thallus with many ene + erect lobules, primarily Onethe lobe maroins. ss sce. Phaeophyseta tmbricata 12) Thalius witnesoredia, paraaera soredia or isidia. 13 13. Thallus with small, pale (or occasionally darkening) cortical hairs, especially on young lobe tips, on apo- thecial margins or (in Ph. katramot) on the isidia or sorediay.. > Rares cies eo 6.8 aie a a e.ele tie 4 ae ereiane alate tetera aT nema Vs “*Thallustwithout cortical hairs. <. cc cs ces creeiserere 16 14. Soralia marginal, with very granular isidioid sored- ia or isidia bearing sparse pale or darkening hairs diareearate piles sites ecevacdeeece es) LP NCCODNUSCLOMRaLCCIICE. 14. Soralia marginal or terminal, the soredia more fine- ly granular, not isidioid and lacking hairs..... Pay be 15. Soralia labriform, mostly terminal on somewhat upright lobes, occasionally also marginal Phaeophyscia hirsuta 15. Soralia marginal, not labriform, usually distinctly GLONGAC ase is oe eae ces tee Phaeophyscta cernohorskyt 16. Lower surface dark brown to black throughout or at least in the older, central parts, sometimes very pale marginally; lower cortex paraplectenchymatous (see “alsosPn. nigricans Delow) |. «ne sacle 410 + teem 16. Lower surface white to tan or very pale brownish. 20 17. Thallus with darkened, marginal or occasionally lamin- al, strongly isidioid soredia or isidia; lobes narrow, mostly less than 0.5 mm broad; saxicolous......e.eeees Petrie tea ste oes wbacis ele tle pieleeesae LNACOPNYUSCTASClaal Wa 17. Thallus with finely granular to weakly isidioid sored- 1a: *Lobes*mnostly broader than’ Os o"mm.. dee erie a ci same 295 18. Soralia capitate, primarily terminal on main lobes or on small lateral lobes, often appearing distinct- ly stipitate due to the ascending nature of the ODES Sos ware-ats uve asenden nL Nacopny seta. pustPLotdes 18. Soralia marginal, laminal or terminal, but not Strongly capi tarenonsstipitatennanetsue suis ee ee slet LO 19. Soralia primarily laminal and submarginal, the soredia mostly finely granular....... Phaeophyscta orbicularis 19. Soralia primarily terminal and marginal, the soredia coarsely granular to isidioid.. Phaeophyscta adtastola 20. Lobes very narrow and linear, mostly less than 0.4 mm broad, with sparse granular soredia or isidia on some lobe tips or margins; lower cortex paraplect- BUCHYma LOUSt iat es cee. G ses on EICODNYSCLa nigricans 20. Lobes broader, mostly over 0.4 mm broad, with dis- crete laminal, marginal or terminal soralia; lower COPCexe prosoplectenchymatous.... - ‘ca, 6.5 mi. Neand 9 mi. W of Amidon, Willtans L174 (herb. Esslinger). South Dakota. Pennington Co.: just N of Hill City, Hale 49998 (US). Washington. Pend Oreille Co.: WN end of Sullivan Lake, Essltnger 6047 (herb. Esslinger); Spokane Co.: foot- hills N of Millwood, Esslinger 4796 (herb. Esslinger). Canada. Alberta: Banff National Park, Valley of Ten Peaks, Hale 49533 (US); Ontario: Lake Nipigon, Macoun, 1884 (FH). PHYSCIA LUGANENSIS Meresch., Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Gen- @éve 21: 190. 1919. Type: Switzerland. Luge ano, Mereschkowsky, 1919 (US, FH, syntypes). Although long confused with Phaeophyscta orbtcularts and other members of that genus, this is one of the more distinctive species included here. The pale lower surface and presence of terminal labriform soralia will separate this species from virtually all other K- Physciaceae. Occ- asional specimens of Phaeophyscta hirsuta have a pale lower surface (darkening only slightly and only in the older parts) and if the cortical hairs are overlooked or poorly developed, that species may be mistaken for Ph. lLuganensis. The latter species has a distinctly eastern distribution (Fig. 17) while the few known North American specimens of Ph. hirsuta are western. The two do overlap in the midwest, however, and questionable specimens from that area may re- quire sectioning for examination of the lower cortex (pro- soplectenchymatous in Ph. luganensts and paraplectenchym- atous in Ph. hirsuta). Physeta luganensts was recently re- ported for North America by Esslinger (1973). Further dis- cussion and description are provided there. This species is closely related to Ph. melanchra (q.v.). The ascospores of Ph. luganensts and the following two related species are variable and somewhat less distinctly defined as to type than most of the Phaeophysctae. Basic- ally, they are of the Physcta-type, but in many specimens the lumina of more mature spores become irregular or round- ed rather than angular. The lumina may also become more elongate than usual. However, the thin side walls charac-— 9 a) teristic of Physcta-type spores are generally still obvious. The ascospores of Ph. luganensts are 17-22 x 8-10.5 pm. Chemistry: All spot tests negative. No substances detected by TLC. No specimens will be cited; see the distribution map (Goyal sea, LA) ie PHYSCIA MELANCHRA Hue, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, SCL. oc. e900 This species was known previously only from Japan (Kashiwadani, 1975). Although not as widespread or common in North America-as closely related Ph. luganensts, at least locally (e.g. in some of the North Dakota localities), it is one of the more common species of macrolichens. The pale lower surface with prosoplectenchymatous cortex and the laminal to submargianl, punctiform or irregular soralia, will distinguish this species from all others. Physcta luganensts has mostly labriform soralia although some lam- inal soralia may also be present. The two species occas- ionally grow intermixed and must than be carefully disting- uished. In western North Dakota this species was found growing intermixed with very similar appearing forms of Phaeophyseta orbtcularis. When only the upper surface is viewed, the two species can look remarkably the same and in fact some mixtures could be sorted only by examination of the lower surface (dark to black in Ph. orbicularits). When fertile, the apothecia of Ph. melanchra lack the corona of rhizines at the base that is characteristic of Ph. orbicularts apothecia. The apothecia of Ph. melanchra are fairly common and tend to be slightly stipitate. Asco- spores are Physcta-type [(14-)17-22 x (6-)7-10 pm] although lumina of some tend to become elongate and rounded as in Ph. luganensts. Physcta melanchra occurs equally commonly on bark and on rock. Chemistry: All spot tests negative. No substances detected by TLC. Representative specimens: Colorado. Yuma Co.: 6 mi. E of Wray, Shushan & Anderson, 132962 (DUKE). Massachus- etts. Hampshire Co.: Amherst, Tuckerman, 1861 (FH); Franklin Co.: near Whately, Esslinger 4044 (herb. Essling- er). Minnesota. Yellow Medicine Co.: 6 mi. SE of Monte- Wideo,.00 lex Jo546a,(US) 6 NorthsDakota, —sUrbeten Coss) 13 mi. SW of Bismarck, Esslinger 5590 (herb. Esslinger); La Moure Co.: Kulm, Wirch Lake, Brenekle 1104 (FH, NDA); Dunn Co.: ca. 5.5 mi. N & 11.5 mi. W of Killdeer, Essling- er 5762 (herb. Esslinger); Eddy Co.: vic. New Rockford, Esslinger 5066 (herb. Esslinger); Slope Co.: ca. 7 mi. N 318 and 5 mi. W of Amidon, Esslinger 5665 (herb. Esslinger). Vermont. Chittenden Co.: Burlington, Russell 322 (FH). Canada. Ontario: London, Drummond, 1865 (FH). PHYSCIA NEPALENSIS Poelt, Khumbu Himal 6: 83. 1974. Type: Nepal. Katmandu-Jawalakhel, 1400 m, Poelt Ll457 (M, holotype). Two somewhat scrappy collections from the Southwest have been tentatively identified with this species. They agree with the type specimens of Ph. nepalensts in all part- iculars. In general appearance the specimens appear simil- ar to Physcta stellaris (L.) Nyl., since the lower cortex is pale and prosoplectenchymatous. The upper cortex, how- ever, lacks atranorin (K-) and is a dingier gray-white col- or than is typical for Ph. -stellarts. If the K- upper cor- tex is noticed early in identification and the pale lower surface is overlooked, Ph. nepalensts may be identified as Phaeophyseta ctltata which has a dark or black, paraplect- enchymatous lower cortex. Altough originally described by Poelt (1974) as having Pachysporarta-type spores, the spores of both the type specimen (Fig. 8) and the only fertile North American spec- imen are of the Physcta-type; the lumina, however, vary from angular to oval or almost round. Their range in size is virtually identical [ca. 17-23.5 x 7-9 pm]. A somewhat similar Japanese species, Physcta denitgrata Hue, has larger [ca. 24-29 x 10-11.5 pm], definitely Pachysporaria-type spores (Fig. 11 & 13) and generally larger thallus dimens- ions. Chemistry: All spot tests negative. No substances detected by TLC. Specimens examined: New Mexico. Santa Fe Co.: Santa Fe Canyon, on bark, Arséne 20520 (FH). Texas. El Paso Ca; Fort Bliss, on Ephedra & Cercocarpus, Clemens 11367 (FH). Acknowledgements- This study was begun during the author's tenure as a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in the Department of Botany at the Smithsonian Institution. I wish to give special thanks to Dr. Mason E. Hale, Jr., of that depart- ment, for the hospitality and assistance rendered. I also want to express my gratitude to Dr. William Louis Culberson (DUKE), Dr. Hannes Hertel (M), Dr. Hiroyuki Kashiwadani (INS), Dre O. Monthoux: (G). Dr. Donalds Prister (FH) eure Ivan PiSit (BRA), and Dr. Josef Poelt (GZU) for their kind- ness in extending herbarium loans and their patience in awaiting their return. S19 References Cited Culberson, C.F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standard- ized thin-layer chromatographic method. J. Chromatogr. De sl, Esslinger, T.L. 1973. Physcta luganensts new to North America. Bryologist 76: 421-423. L977. - Studies in the lichen family Physe1eaceae: I A new North American species. Mycotaxon 5: 299- 506. Frey, E. 1963. Beitrage zu einer Lichenenflora der Schweiz iia lit. Die Familie Physciaceae. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 73: 389-503. Hale sacra, oro. 1969. How to Know the Lichens;* 11-2267 Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Lowa. 1975. Lichen structure viewed with the Scanning miectronsMiecroscope. In: Deer Browm etsaly MEde.), Lichenology: Progress and Problems: 1-15. Academic Press, London, New York, & San Francisco. Kashiwadani, H. 1975. The genera Physcta, Physconta, Derinarias (bichens)) of Japan. Cinkeoana>: “l=77. pls 1-5. Mereschkowsky, G. 1919. Schedulae ad Lichenes Ticinenses Exsiccatos. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 21: 145- DAG: Moberg, R. 1969. Physceta katramot in Scandinavia. Svensk BOtep isd sht. 9.6329 O4l-344 4p 1-2, 1974. Studies on Physcta. I. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 68: 285-288. 1975. Studies on Physcta. II. Physeta endo- phoentcea new to Scandinavia. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 69a 6/—7 1). 1977. The lichen genus Physcta and allied gen- era in Fennoscandia. Symbolae Bot. Upsalienses 22(1): 1-108. Nadvornik, J. 1947. Physciaceae Tchécoslovaques. Stud. Bot. Cech. 8: 69-124. Poelt, J. 1957. Mitteleuropdische Flechten Vy. Mitt. Bot. Staatss. Munchen 17-18: 386-399. 1965. Zur Systematik der Flechtenfamilie Physc- jaceae. Nova Hedwigia 9: 21-32. 1966. Zur Kenntnis der Flechtengattung Physcon- ia. Nova Hedwigta 12: 107-135, pl. 1-4. 1969. Bestimmungsschltissel Europdischer Flech- tens 1-/57. J. Cramer, Lehre. 320 Poelt, J. 1971. Uber einige fiir Nordamerika neue Flechten. Bry@logist 74: 154-158. 1973. Physeta stirtaca und Physeta strigosa zwei neue Arten der Sect. Obscura aus dem sitidlichen Mitteleuropa. Portugaliae Acta Biologica (B) 12: 193-207. . 1974. Die Gattungen Physcta, Physctopsts, und Physconta. Khumbu Himal 6: 57-99. Thomson, J. 1963. The lichen genus Physcta in North Amer- ica. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 7: 1-172. MYCOTAXON VOur vil, NO. 2, pp. o21 522 July-September 1978 Scirrhia filicina comb. nov. (Ascomycetes: Dothideales) Martha A. Sherwood Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Owing to the poor condition of many of the distributed isotypes of the species, and the ambiguity of Niessl's (Schroeter, 1874) brief original description, the correct application of the name Stiectis filtecina Niessl has long been in doubt. Rehm (1887-96) transferred the species to Xylogramma on the strength of Niessl's description, but found no asci or spores in the specimens he examined. In a survey of the genus Sttetis (Sherwood, 1977) I examined two isotypes of the species (FH-Rabenhorst, Fungi Europaei 1709), finding them overmature and uncharacterizable. Among specimens of Stictis sent to me by Josef Poelt (GRZ) for revision was another example of Fungi Europaei 1709 con- taining abundant fruiting material of a fungus corresponding to Niessl's description. The species is clearly neither a perevie Pers: ‘nor a Xylogramma Wallr.., butCrather a stromatic Loculoascomycete referrable to Setrrhia Fckl. s.1l. in the Dothideales. According to Margaret Bigelow (personal com- munteattion), Setrrhta s.1. contains discordant elements, in- cluding aparaphysate species belonging to the Dothideales s. Sstr., and pseudoparaphysate species belonging to the Pleo- Sporales. The present species belongs to the Pleosporalean component, allied to S. aspidtiorum (Lib.) Bubaék. Seirrhia filteina differs from this and other species in the genus in having a reduced, almost colorless stroma. Obrist (1959) recognized a separate genus, Setrrophragma Theiss. & Sydow, for another species with light-colored stromata, S. osmundae (Peck & Curt.) Obrist; the two genera are united by MUller dndavonoArx (1962). Serrprita friteina differs from s.) oe= mundae (Peck & Curt.) Arx in having consistently 1-septate spores. Setrrhta ftlteitna is briefly redescribed below. Soirernver fiticine (Nressl) Sherwood; -comb. nove (Figure 1) Soractivs fritecina Niessi,vBot. Janreshber. wdustyi2a. 234 (1874) = Xylogramma a ee (N iess gamenilen ede 25.5 03) ea 1) Rehm tn Rabenhorst, Krypto- 71 (1888) Stromata subepidermal, almost colorless, inconspicuous, O25-1.0 x 0.2 mm, linear, becoming exposed by splitting the overlying substrate tengthwise-. “Stroma, in--cross section ca. 150 um thick, of vertically-oriented, thin-walled pseudo- parenchyma, the cells ca. 10 x 5 um, colorless below, pale brown above. Pseudothecia arranged in a single line in the center of the stroma, spherical, lacking a prominent beak, ya Figure 1. Setrrhia filicina. a. Cross section of stroma and pseudo- thecium, x375. b. Asci, pseudoparaphysis, and spores, x/50. Stippled areas are host tissue. Drawn from GRZ-Rabenhorst, F. Eur. 1709. ca. 100 ume-dtam:. Ascii 48-60 x 9=)2.5 -um- eb Van eae ace spored, accompanied by pseudoparaphyses. Ascospores 12-15 x 3.5-5.0 um, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, narrowly Sheathed. On dead stems of Pteridium aqutlinum, Europe. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: EUROPE: Austria (GRZ, Herb. J. Poelt 6864, Rabenh., F. Eur. 1709, auf Pteridium aqutlinum, Voitsberg, Steiermark, leg. Niessl, isotype of Stictts filtcina). Literature Cited Muller, E. & J. A. von Arx (1962). Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitr. Kryptogamenfl. Schweiz 11(2): 1-922. Obrist, W. (1959). Untersuchen Uber einige "“dothideale" Gattungen. Phytopathol. Zeitschr. 35: 357-388. Rehm, H. (1887-96). Ascomyceten: Hysteriaceen und Discomyceten. in Rabenhorst, L., Kryptogamenflora von Deutschland, Oesterreich, und der Schweiz, ed. 2, 1(3): 1-1275 +169 p. Sherwood, M. A. (1977). The Ostropalean fungi. Mycotaxon 5: 1-277. Schroeter, J. (1874). Pilze. Bot. Jahresber. (Just) 2: 185-351. MYCOTAXON icy emeev Ree NO. 6 Zo) DD. a5 2a oO July-September 1978 FILOSPORELLA, AN EARLIER NAME FOR COELOANGUILLOSPORA Bode DYKO’G Bee SuTION Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England TW9 3AF SUMMARY Coeloanguillospora Dyko & Sutton is placed into Synonomy with Filosporella Nawawi, and comparison is made between F, aquatica Nawawi and F. annelidica (Shearer & Crane) Crane & Shearer. A full synonymy is given for the latter taxon. Scolecosporous hyphomycetes with holoblastic conidial ontogeny are common in aquatic habitats; among the best known is | Anguillospora longissima (Sacc. & Syd.) Ingold. Critical study has revealed other taxa with similar characteristics (Dyko & Sutton, 1978; Iqbal, 1971, 1972, 1974 a, b; Nawawi, 1976; Petersen, 1962, 1963; Ranzoni, 1952; Shearer & Crane, 1976; Wolfe, 1976). Genera represented in this group are Anguillo- spora Ingold, Coeloanguillospora Dyko & Sutton, Filosporella Nawawi, Mycocentrospora Deighton, Pseudoanguillospora Iqbal, | Rogersia Shearer & Crane, and Sigmoidea Crane. While Sigmoidea proliferata (R. H. Pet.) Crane was originally described as phialidic, its conidial ontogeny is holoblastic with a sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cell and it should be considered in this group (Dyko, 1977). With the great amount of study that aquatic and water-borne hyphomycetes are receiving at this time, it is not surprising that redundant introductions of taxa should occur. In addition, the Specialized conidiomata which characterize the Melanconiales and the Tuberculariales intergrade and sometimes are reduced to separate discrete conidiophores in culture thus leaving no clear separation between these two groups and the Moniliales (Mason, | 1937; Sutton, 1973). Coeloanguillospora appalachiensis Dyko & Sutton (1978) was first described from cultures obtained from | submerged decaying leaves. Scolecosporous conidia were 324 produced holoblastically in cupulate fruiting structures, It was found later that upon submergence, conidia were produced on loosely-arranged branched conidiophores typical of Filosporella Nawawi. While annellides seemed to occur infrequently in our isolate, and no previous description of any Filosporella species mentioned cupulate fruiting structures in culture, comparison with the type of F. annelidica (Shearer & Crane) Crane & Shearer showed the two fungi to be conspecific, .Additionally, after study of our isolate and comparison with published descriptions of Anguillospora pulchella Wolfe and A. virginiana Wolfe (Wolfe, 1971, 1976) it appeared certain that these two fungi were also later synonyms of F. annelidica. Wolfe (1971) was the first to recognize this taxon as being distinct from A. longissima. His name, A. pulchellus, would normally provide the earliest specific epithet but description in a doctoral dissertation is not recognized as effective publication by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Art, 29), The name was_validly published later by Wolfe (7 March, 1977) and Dyko (1977) concluded that A. virginiana, which was described simultaneously with A. pulchellus, was merely a growth form of the same fungus. Regrettably the holotypes of both A. pulchellus and A, virginiana, although reported as at VPI (Wolfe, 1977), could not be located there. Authentic material could not be obtained from the author, Rogersia annelidica Shearer & Crane (13 October, 1976), type species of the genus, was soon found to be identical with Filosporella aquatica Nawawi (18 September, 1976), the type species of that genus. The two genera, therefore, were placed in synonymy (Crane & Shearer, 1977). Conversely, we find the two to be quite distinct. The conidia of F. aquaticatend to be clavate with quite blunt apices during development, and by maturity the apices gradually taper to a point: the mature conidia are usually straight or Slightly curved. The conidiogenous cells give the appearance of percurrently proliferating but annellations are a considerable distance apart (9-20) and no frill of wall material can be dis- cerned between the proliferations either with bright field or interference contrast (Nomarski) phase optics. These per- current proliferations are septate and constricted between each unit thus giving a beaded appearance to old conidiogenous structures. The conidia of F. annelidica tend to have acute apices during development and at maturity are quite sharply acute, tapering abruptly to the apex; the mature conidia are curved to sigmoid, The conidiogenous cells are cylindrical, later per- currently proliferating with the annellations closely spaced (1-5 apart), with no apparent septation between the slightly flared frill of wall tissue which marks each proliferation. yas It appears that conidial ontogeny in F. aquatica is somewhat different from that in F. annelidica. Perhaps after additional study of conidiogenesis in F. aquatica, the two taxa may require separation into different genera;in that event, Rogersia Shearer & Crane could be resurrected. Until additional evaluation of these two taxa is effected, we suggest the following synonymy: Filosporella annelidica (Shearer & Crane) Crane & Shearer. 1977. Mycotaxon, 6: 28. Rogersia annelidica Shearer & Crane. 1976. Mycologia. 68: 949, (pub. 13 Oct. 1976) Anguillospora pulchella Wolfe. 1976. in Parker & Roane, Eds., Dist. Hist. Biota S. Appalachians. p. 247 (pub. 7 March 1977). Anguillospora virginiana Wolfe. 1976. in Parker & Roane, Eds., Dist. Hist. Biota S. Appalachians. p. 249. (pub, 7 March 1977), Coeloanguillospora appalachiensis Dyko & Sutton. 1978. Nova Hedwigia. 29: 171-172. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (predoctoral grant DEB 76-07108 and post doctoral fellowship SM 177-12383). Literature cited CRANE, J.L. & C.A. SHEARER. 1977. Rogersia, a later name of Filosporella. Mycotaxon. 6: 27-28, DYKO, B.J. 1977. Aquatic and water-borne hyphomycetes of the Southern Appalachians, with notes on extra-limital taxa. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 275 pp. DYKO, B.J. & B.C. Sutton. 1978. Two new genera of water-borne Coelomycetes from submerged leaf litter. Nova Hedwigia. 29: 167-175. IQBAL, S.H. 1971. New aquatic hyphomycetes, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 56: 343-352, - . 1972. New aquatic hyphomycetes., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 59: 301-307. - . 1974a. New aquatic hyphomycetes. Biologia. 20: 1-10. = : 1974b, Bee an eu Ve ROne a new genus of hyphomycetes. Biologia. - MASON, E.W. 1937. Annotated ‘account of the fungi received at the Imperial Mycological Institute. List II (Fasc. 3, General Part). Mycol. Pap. 4: 69-99. NAWAWI, A. 1976, Filosporella gen. nov., an aquatic hyphomycete. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 67: 173-176. PETERSEN, R.H. 1963b. Aquatic hyphomycetes from North America III. Phialosporae and miscellaneous species. Mycologia. 55: 570-581. - . 1963. Aquatic hyphomycetes from North America I. Aleuriosporae (part 1) and Key to the genera. Mycologia. 54: 117-151. RANZONI, F.V. 1953. The aquatic hyphomycetes of Cali- fornia. Farlowia. 4: 353-398, SHEARER, C.A. & J.L. CRANE. 1976. [Illinois Fungi No. 7. Rogersia annelidica gen. & sp. nov. an aquatic hyphomycete colonizing leaves in the Sangamon River. Mycologia. 68: 946-950. SUTTON, B.C. 1973. Coelomycetes. p. 513-582, in [The Fungi, an advanced treatise. | Ainsworth, G.C., Sparrow, F.K., & Sussman, A.S. Eds. Academic Press. N.Y., London. 621 pp. WOLFE, C.C. 1971. Taxonomic considerations in the freshwater hyphomycetes. Ph.D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. 118 pp. - . 1977, Aquatic hyphomycetes of the Southern Appalachians. p. 243-264. In The Distributional History of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians, P. IV., Algae & Fungi. B.C. Parker & M.K. Rone, Eds. University Press of Virginia. 416 pp. MYCOTAXON N One mG 2s DD. ia -eoc July-September 1978 NOTES, ONTHYPHOMY CE TE Sims AL Ve PHIALOPHORA PINICOLA SP. NOV. AND PHIALOPHORA BUBAKII G. Morgan-Jones Department of Botany and Microbiology AUDUTMMUnIverStivyeAgrvenlturals. Bxperaments 5tat aon Auburn, Alabama (36830, U.S.A. ABSTRACT PRLaLOpnOrg vind cota MorgansJ0ONnes, A Wew Species.) is described and illustrated from isolates from galls caused by Cronarttum quercuum £.sp. fustforme on Pinus taeda in Ala- Danaea Lt 1s9 compared» with Phialophora bupakic (axa) yschel - Schwarz which is similarly treated: INTRODUCTION Two conspecific isolates belonging to the genus Phtalophora Medlar were obtained during studies on hyphomy- cétes associated with acécial galls of Cronartium quercuum Piesp. fustforme On. Pinus taeda in Alabama. Svcn.s deme troy, cekerit- er crescentes, velutinae vel coactae, rubrobrunneae dein atrobrunneae. Hyphae immersae subhyalinae ad pallide brunneae, ramosac; laeves, 3 - 5 p latae. “Hyphae aeriae subhyalinae’ ad pallide brunneae, ramosae, laeves, interdum funiculosae, 2 - 9 wy latae. Conidiophora semimacronemata, mononemata, simplicia vel ramosa, subhyalina vel pallide 328 Phialophora pintcola FIGURE 1. 329 brunnea, laevia. Cellae conidiogenae monophialidicae vel nolvpnialidicae, .terminales vel) Vaterates, ‘discretae, ape TOrmes, aevis,. scum Colliasamamutrs, 65 = 69 X25 s Gaon.) COnidia hyalina aseptata, allantotdea, laevia; 2.5- SieXee lh. fsolatus ex aecidiis Cronarti1; Auburn, ‘Lee County, Alabama, Jury 1s. 19765 .W.D. Kelley, CBS-552..76 holotypus. Colones on..24. malt agar spreading slowly, atetirst thin and pale brown, later becoming velvety, dark brown to black, with reverse dark gray, 4 cm. in diameter after 5 daMSia G 12.50 uC. Colonies on PDA growing well, velvety to feiteds frequently. producing rope-like strands, reddish brown to dark brown, becoming black with age, at first with aataimemconcentric zonation, aerial hyphae producing a superficial cream to pale brown coloration particularly towards the margin, 5 cm. in diameter after 5S days at 25° C. Colonies on corn meal-agar extremely thin, pale brown, with littie or no aerial mycelium produced, 3 cm. wide after 5 days at 25° C. Immersed mycelium composed of subhyaline to pale brown, branched, interwoven, smooth, 3 - 5 » wide hyphae. Aerial hyphae subhyaline to pale brown, branched, smooth, vacuolate, 2 - 9 uw wide; broader hyphae becoming darker and thicker walled with age, frequently aggregated to form hyphal strands. Conidiophores semimacronematous, mononematous, simple or branched, subhyaline to very pale brown, smooth. Conidiogenous cells mono or polyphialidic, terminal or lateral, discrete, ampulliform, smooth, bearing aciiaidscOblarette, Garely. proligveratine -percurrently, bOmenin irregular clusters on lateral. ‘conidiophores-or Singur yeonr repent: or aerial ihyphae,. Sia: 9X 2n9 = 3 5): COniddaehy aime.) asepcate..ad LantOid.. SmOO Gls a2-.o1= (OX el iis On aecial galls of Cronarttum quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirae £. sp. fusiforme on Pinus taeda L.; North America. Collections examined: two isolates from Pinus taeda, Auburn,. Lee County,, Alabama, July 15, 1976, W.D. Kelley, Chote Ow ALCO 0585. (by Pee GBoto55 210.) DRLed Cultures in herb AUA, BPI. Phialophora bubakit (Laxa) Schol-Schwarz, Persoonia Oz O04 970° GEto. 22). = Margartnomyces bubaki Laxa, Zentbl. Bakteriol. Parasitkde... 2, ADt. «612 592), 101950). = Cadophora obscura Nannfeldt, Svenska Skogsvardsforen. TUAS Kia 6.2 ene O54, = Phtalophora obscura (Nannf.) Conant, Mycologia DOS O07, gl OH Colonies on 2% matt agar spreading STOW LY), ate Lh ot thin, zonate, later becoming velvety and somewhat funiculose FIGURE 2. Phtalophora bubaktt Jo towards the center, grayish olive, margin much lighter, with blackish-olive reverse, 2 - 3 cm. in diameter after 5 days at 25° C. Immersed mycelium composed of pale oliva- ceous brown hyphae, branched, interwoven, smooth, 3 - 4 u wide. Aerial hyphae subhyaline to olivaceous brown, smooth, often vacuolate, flexuous, becoming thicker-walled and darker with age, sometimes verruculose, frequently aggre- gated to form hyphal strands up to 30 yu broad, individual hypnaces son 5 1. wade. *subhyalane toeveryi pare brown, ellipsoid to subglobose chlamydospores sometimes formed laterally on aérial hyphae. Conidiogenous cells nmonophitalitaic, terminal or lateral, on hyphae, discrete, cylindrical to narrowly flask-shaped, smooth, sometimes proliterating percurrently, usually solitary, more rarely Tie COmoemOL va Lew, (Or elS X 175 =) 2 Conidia’ dimorphic, Variab#ewin shape and size, hyaline, aseptate, allantoid Greovord Love Lliptacalis, 2\-- 6 Xe. 63 ax. Isolated from margarine, fresh water and wood pulp; Europe. Collections examined: type culture of Margarinomyces bubakt, CBS 198.30; isol. sub Phtalophora obseura, ex wood pivbpewoweaen,, det. EF. (Melin, DAOM’ 29103. DISCUSSION several morphological features, as well as cultural Gnarnaciersstics, Serve to distinguish P. pintecla trom its nearest relatives. The arrangement of the conidiogenous cells “in groups on conidiophoreés is reminiscent of the Stavccure Or Pi lignicola but.in/ that specres >the iconidia are dimorphic. (Schol-Schwarz, 1970). The cylindrical conidia formed in young cultures are appreciably larger than those of P. pinicola and the ovoid conidia produced in old- er cultures are different in shape. P. bubakiz differs from P. pinicola in possessing more slender conidiogenous cells which are usually borne in a solitary manner. The Variable conidia of FP. bubaket further distinguash this species, although P. bubakit produces some allantoid Contdiawsthat~resemble those-ot 2. pinteord. Cole and Kendrick (1973) chose to maintain the generic name Margarinomyces Laxa for P. bubakti.Whilst admittedly joe conrdiogenous. cells of Prrbubak7t are not.as well differentiated as those of other speciés O£ -Phialophora, t do not concur with their view that ia separate genus is needed to accommodate this species. The broader generic concept adopted by Schol-Schwarz (1970) and Ellis (1976) for ene; venus PAtalophora is preferable. Pa*pintcola, “with its rather more differentiated conidiogenous cells bearing small collarettes, provides a link between P. bubakit and the main body of Phtalophora as presently accepted. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS lothank Drs Waiter). “Keltbey*forethesoppertuntuyeee study his 2s0tates.) 9Dre huellavk. Weresubeabirosys tend are. Research institute, Ottawa, kindly sent ton eloanstnesdricad culture named Ps ‘obscura originating in ’Sweden and Dr- Walter Gams, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, provided the culture,ofiyy bubakit. Vihesbenciatsor veon. sultation ‘with Drs. Gams and.GiS.ide Hoogtis alsogacknon- lédged =i am’soratefulh to DratRoser De {Goos. Universe tye Rhode Island, for reviewing the manuscript. REFERENCES COLESSGSTS “and "Be KENDRICK. A197 35>. PTaxonom@erstidite sam Phizalophora. MYCOLOSI aN OS: "GOlz0G8. ELLIS, (M-B. <9 19762 * o> More: Dematiaceous (hyphomyceces: Gommonwealth Mycological Institutes io. SCHOLASCHWARZ, M2 Bey Oe PREVI STON OL tpemgentts Prealopnora, (Monidiales) 0) Rersoonianoe) 159204) MYCOTAXON WOl mvt ENO. 62, -pp. | 535506 July-September 1978 NOTES: ONEHY PHOMYGETES=) =XXV= CONCERNING EVERSIA SUBOPACA. G. Morgan-Jones Department of Botany and Microbiology Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station Auburm, Alabama § 36830, U.S A. ABSTRACT Eversta subopaca (Cooke and Ellis) Crane and Schoknecht is described and illustrated from fresh collections made in Alabama. INTRODUCTION Material ot Lversta subopaca has recently: been, collect- ed on rotten decorticated wood in Alabama. Schoknecht and Cranes (1977) described this tungus from a number or told collections. Three of these were from Gloucester County, NewsJersey,, one trom Fayette County, West Virginia, and: one from Italy; all made during the latter part of the last centuny.s ihe tiith and only -other collection known hitherto, obtained in Japan in 1967 and described by Matsushima (1975) under the name Chetromycella annulata, was also examined by these authors. Detailed description and illustrations are provided herein based on two new collections from Ala- bama. TAXONOMIC PART Bversia’ subpopaca (Cooke: and Ellis). Grane: and. Schoknecht, Mycologia.69e 559". 1977 (Pigs. 4d and 82) sy Gtorstal lsnomen: clator see Schoknecht and Crane (1977) ] Colonies effuse, chocolate brown, with small black areas where conidia, are produced’, felted. »Mycelium partly superficial, mostly immersed, composed of cylindrical, flex- uous, heavily branched, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, 1.5 - 2.5y wide hyphae. Conidiophores semi- macronematous to macronematous, mononematous, simple or fre- quently branched, erect, abundantly septate, distinctly con- Btrueted at the septa, straight or flexuous, smooth, very pale brown, distal conidiogenous cell often noticeably darker and thicker walled than the subtending cells, 334 FIGURE 1. FEversta subopaca So FIGURE 2. Everstita subopaca. Arrows indicate conidiophore annellations 336 IS 200k ~H4n. ConidLrogenous cells Noloblaserceminte: grated, scemminal.windeterminate,, doliirorm.. pales brows proliferating percurrently and bearing up tomseven) thack. dark brown, 4 - 5y wide annellations. Conidia solitary, acrogenous, branched, compactly cheiroid, with a central axis attached’ to the conidiogenous cell andy2) tov44closely appressed, downwardly orientated arms, septate, brown, when youne tips o£ arms -subhyalines smooth, 250-012 7/5 Xess eae individual conidial arms 3 - 4, wide. On dead wood; Europe, North America, Japan. Collections examined: on decorticated wood, Chewacla State Park, Lee County, Alabama, July 1976, G. Morgan-Jones, AUA; on decorticated wood, Tuskegee National Forest, Macon County, Alabanas October 1977, RCs Single ii. ote meAUAL I have also had opportunity to examine the type speci- men of Zoruta bigemina Cooke and-Ellis, on rotten) wood, sNew- field, Gloucester County,-New Jersey, May 24, 1878. housed in herb, NY27 Loameable to confirm that’ it 1seidenticaie wien subopaca. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank Dr. Clark T. Rogerson, The New York Botanical Garden, for -thesloan of ithe material oll. p1geninaesand Dr. Richard TsHanlin, ThevUniversity of Georela,s toreace: VIEWING the manuscript. REFERENCES MATSUSHIMA, T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe. Published by the author. SCHOKNECHT),(4J.D..cand J.D.--CRANE. 1977... Revisvonvor sorwre and Hormtsectum species. Torula occulta, T. dtversa, T. elasticae, T. bigemitna and Hormisetum condensatum reexamined. Mycologia 69: 533-546. MYCOTAXON VoMwaviile Now=Z> spp. 357-550 July-September 1978 SYNOPSIS OF WOOD-ROTTING FUNGI ON SPRUCE IN NORTH AMERICA: ae Ke J. Martin Artzona Commisston of Agriculture and Horticulture Phoentx, Artzona 85007 R. L. Gilbertson Department of Plant Pathology Universtty of Artzona, Tucson 85721 SUMMARY Ninety-nine species of wood-rotting basidiomycetes in the family Polyporaceae are reported to occur on eight species of North American spruces. The first part of this series (Martin and Gilbertson, 1977) in- cluded keys to higher taxa and a synopsis of the Corticiaceae. Part II is a synopsis of the family Polyporaceae sensu stricto. In this re- stricted sense the polyporoid genera of the Hymenochaetaceae are ex- cluded and will be treated in part III. Ganoderma is included although commonly placed in the family Ganodermataceae in recent literature. The taxonomy of the Polyporaceae is currently in a state of flux due to efforts to determine natural generic groupings and a general move away from the practical but artificial Friesian system. As a re- sult many genera have been proposed and the nomenclatural validity and taxonomic merit of all these taxa have yet to be elucidated. Recent workers who have made important contributions in this area are Donk (1960, 1974), W. B. Cooke (1960), Pegler (1966), and Ryvarden (1976). Ryvarden's manual for identification of Polyporaceae of North Europe probably best exemplifies current trends in polypore taxonomy. He rec- Ognizes 62 genera in a mycoflora that approximates that of North America. The genera reported in this synopsis of spruce-decaying poly- pores are, for the most part, also found in Ryvarden's work. A major difference is that we have utilized the artificial genus Porta to ac- commodate species with resupinate basidiocarps. We prefer to fol- low this expedient until the taxonomy of this difficult group is more 1/ University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Article No. 2818. 558 firmly stabilized. More detailed information on pileate North American polypores can be found in Overholts (1953). Lowe (1966) has published a comprehensive treatment of the resupinates. Species of spruce are denoted by numbers as follows: 1, Picea brewertana; 2, P. engelmannit; 3, P. glauca; 4, P. mariana; 5, P. pungens; 6, P. rubens; 7, P. sttchensts; 8, P. chthuahuana; 9, Picea Sp. Abbreviations designating geographical localities are AK, Alaska; AZ, Arizona; AT, Alberta; BC, British Columbia; CA; California: CO; Colorado; CH, Chihuahua; CT, Connecticut, ID, Idaho; MA, Massachusetts; MB, Manitoba; ME, Maine; MI, Michigan; MN, Minnesota; MI, Montana; NB, New Brunswick; NC, North Carolina; NF, Newfoundland; NH, New Hampshire; NM, New Mexico; NWI, Northwest Territories; NS, Nova Scotia; NY, New York; OR, Oregon; OT, Ontario; PA, Pennsylvania; PEI, Prince Edward Island; QB, Quebec; SK, Saskatchewan; SD, South Dakota; TN, Tennessee; UT, Utah; VI, Vermont; WA, Washington; WS, Wisconsin, WY, Wyoming, YT, Yukon Territory. Family POLYPORACEAE Key to the genera Basidiocarps stipitate, sessile or effused-reflexed, sometimes YOsupinate seat iy st Cows he cents: oe! oP es. ota ence: 6 ee ee Z Basidiocarps typically resupinate at all stages of development (see also Cortolellus). . . Portia Pers. ex S.F. Gray 2. Basidiospores brown, truncate, with a pitted exospore Do Bee A Bae ae Me ie da® SR PU RIT Ee Raia gee COMO CE TI me ae ame 2. Basidiospores hyaline, not with a pitted exospore.... 3 Basidiocarps annual, rarely reviving a second year ..... 4 Basidiocarps perennial, tubes typically stratified EAD A Ae ee Se ne Ae rier ry erie Bk alii ojetieete, Sear h eS 4. Hymenophore in form of united tubes, or sometimes becoming hydnaceous ‘from-splitting Of tubes 0. ees) er ee eee 5 4. Hymenophore in form of radial lamellae (See also Hirschtoporus lartetnus) ..... .. . Gloeophyllum Karst. Context tissue brown, bright colored, or whitish, if turning red in KOH solution. then-tissue brighnt) 7 in CT>S-ME, NB, NH; oNS.. NY;0/- in WA? (9 °ine MNJ ONE, @NS, eNY wean PEL, 2. Basidiocarps usually applanate; basidiospores curved, 5-8 x L.D=2:.0) 2m Fomttopsts cajandert (Karst.) Kotl. et Pouz. Basidiocarps sessile or somewhat effused-reflexed, occasionally imbricate; upper sur- face sometimes sulcate, brownish pink, grayish to blackish in older parts; hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps. White ‘rot .on.25aneAT,; AZ; BEF IDS MTs 3) in AES BCS NB NS. OMG een SK, NWI; 4 in AT, MN, NB, OT; 6 in NB, NY; 7 in OR, WA; 9 in MN, NB, NS, NY, PA, PEL. Context tough=corky; tissue not) bitter). 2.16 “sss pees ee Context chalky and crumbly; tissue bitter Fomttopsts offtctnalts (Vill. ex Fr.) Bond. et Sing. Basidiocarps ungulate to columnar; upper surface white to buff, becoming ri- mose; pore surface whitish; hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae with clamps; gloeoplerous hyphae present; basidiospores ovoid,’ 4-7 x 3-3.5 um. Brown rot on 2°:in BC, ID; 4 in MN; 7 in AK, BC, OR, WA. 345 4, Basidiocarps usually sessile, applanate to ungulate; genera- tive hyphae with clamps; basidiospores cylindric Fomitopsts pintcola (Swartz ex Fr.) Karst. Upper surface of ba- sidiocarps brownish, blackish, or reddish, often with a bright reddish, resinous margin; pore surface cream colored; hyphal system dimitic; cystidia hyphoid; basidiospores 6.5-7.5 x 3-4 um. Brown wotworre? intAZ. BC, CO, ID, MI, OR, Ul, WY; 3.in. AK, AT) BC, MB, NS, NWT, OT, SK, YT; 4 in MN, NB, NS, NWT, OT, QB, WS; 5 in CO; 6 in CT, ME, NB, NH, NS, NY, TN; 7 in AK, BC, OR, WA; 9 in BC, NB, NS, NWT, PEL. 4. Basidiocarps usually resupinate or effused-reflexed, rarely sessile; generative hyphae simple-septate; basidiospores subglobose Fomttopsts annosa (Fr.) Karst. Upper surface of basidiocarps crustlike, brownish with age, indistinctly zonate and sulcate; pore surface cream colored; hyphal system dimitic; basidiospores AAV 5x 3-4.5 1m. White pocket rot of 2 in ID, NM, OR, WA; 3 in BC, MN; 6 in ME, VI; 7 in AK, BC, CA, OR, WA. Key to species of Ganoderma Basidiocarps annual, context pale brownish to es upper surface usually appearing varnished ....... ° Recedt su ce Z Basidiocarps perennial; context purplish Prom eo Precaton brown; upper surface usually dull Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex Wallr.) Pat. Basidiocarps sessile, usually applanate; upper surface usually grayish or grayish black, covered with a hard crust; pore surface white, darkening quickly on bruising; hyphal system trimitic; generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores ellipsoid, truncate at one end, 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-6 um. Whitesmottled rot of 2in ID; 3,in BC; 7 in, AK, BC, CA, WA; 9 in NS. 2. Pileus not more than 5 cm thick; basidiospores 9-11 x 6-8 um Ganoderma tsugae Murr. Basidiocarps up to 30 cm wide, often centrally to laterally stipitate; tube layers up to 1 cm thick. White rot of 9 in NS. 2. Pileus typically 7-12 cm thick; basidiospores 10-16 x 7-9 um Ganoderma oregonense Murr. Basidiocarps becoming .75 m or more wide, usually sessile; tube layers up to 2 cm thick. White rot of Weinv Ak, «BG,.OR, WA. Key to species of Gloeophyllum Upper surface of basidiocarps usually zonate, often with bright yellowish or reddish brown zones; context often up to 3-4 mm thick Gloeophyllum saeptartwm (Wulf. ex Fr.) Karst. Basidiocarps effused- reflexed to sessile, occasionally resupinate; hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps; cystidia cylindric, smooth or sparsely incrusted; basidiospores cylindric, 8-1l x 3-3.5 um. Brown rot. on 2 in AT, “AZ, CO, ID, MT, NM, Vi, WAS Wie ed nea ree BC, ME, NB, NS, NY, NWT, OT, PEI, VT, YT; 4 in AT, BC, MN, NB, NY, NWT, OT; 5 in AZ; 6 in CT, ME, NH, NS, NY; 7 in AK, BC, OR, WA; OFIn VAL, NG, NES NS SoPEL... Upper surface of basidiocarps azonate or indistinctly zonate, dull brown; context seldom more than 1 mm thick Gloeophyllum trabewn (Pers. ex Fr.) Murr. Basidiocarps sessile, effused-reflexed, or sometimes resupinate; hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps; cystidia cylindric, smooth; basid- lospores cylindric, /.5-9 x 3-3.5 Hm. Brown rot on 6 in CT, ME; NHS ONY > Ol ein UNYS PA. Key to species of Atrschtoporus Hymenophore poroid or becoming hydnaceous Htrschtoporus abtetinus (Dicks. ex Fr.) Donk. Basidiocarps usu- ally effused-reflexed, sometimes sessile or resupinate; pilei sol- itary or imbricated; upper surface grayish, hirsute; context du- plex, upper layer whitish, soft, lower layer buff, corky; hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores cy- Tindeie,.6=7'.5 x 2.53 [m., | White rot on ZsinwAZ, COleID aM ua VI,. WA, WYs) 32in AK SAT, SC,” MEG NB; NS, NW Ol, ei te be oe eeeey NB GNF, NS; NWI; OL, PEL, OB;" 6) in? Cr, UME, NB. NE, No. sNY 0a cer in AK,..BC, WA3.9 in bC. NB, NS, (Ol, PEL. Hymenophore strongly lamellate Htrschtoporus lartctnus (Karst.) Teramoto. Basidiocarps effused- reflexed or resupinate; upper surface tan to gray, hirsute, faint- ly zonate; context pale purplish brown; hyphal system dimitic, generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores allantoid, 6-7 x 2-2.5 um. White rot on 6 in NY. Key to species of Phaeolus Basidiocarps effused-reflexed or resupinate; pore surface and GONLEXt DELON Opange is. 4 esl eps els en ee ode mo ice anne rmers 2 Basidiocarps stipitate to sessile; context brownish; pore sur- face greenish-brown when fresh Phaeolus schwetnitatt (Fr.) Pat. Pilei solitary or imbricate, cir- cular or irregularly lobed; upper surface yellowish brown when fresh, drying to dark reddish brown, tomentose to hirsute, faintly zonate; hyphae simple-septate, brownish in KOH solution; cystidia cylindric, yellowish; basidiospores ellipsoid to ovoid, 6-9 x 3.5-5 um. Brown cubical root and butt rot on 2 in AZ, ID, MT, OR; 3 ip BC, MB, NB, NS, NWI, OTs 4 in, NY:) 7 ineAK, BC, WAs 9Fin AT: 2. Pores 2-3 per mm; basidiospores 5-6 um long Phaeolus ftbrillosus (Karst.) Bourd. et Galz. Basidiocarps usual- ly pileate; hyphae simple-septate; cystidia not abundant, cylin- dric; basidiospores oblong-ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2.5-3 um. Brown rot Onuceeny LO, ML. ORs) 3 in JAK, BC?" (4 in MNs)67in NG, NY$ fin AK, BC, OR, WA; 9>in NC. Key to species of Polyporus Hyphal system dimitic or trimitic; surface of basidiocarps MeCMOLSDLOLORe COULD msLenie Lelie Ue: ts ts casted ate. eS a Ree ee eee 2 Hyphal system monomitic; upper surface of basidiocarps grayish to purplish brown, usually hispid or scurfy Polyporus hirtus Quél. Pores 1-2 per mm; hyphal system monomitic; hyphae thin-walled, abundantly nodose-septate; basidiospores fusi- Lorn, lo liexe4o-). o> lms Whites rot of -2 in AZ; 3 dine BGs) 60in NE: Sean GAZ. 2. Upper surface of basidiocarps ochraceous to dark chestnut DROWN eNOtCe SUM TALE Meise ware lls (ol si. s elle me wired set eure ee 3 2. Upper surface of basidiocarps pale brownish with light colored radial striations Polyporus varius Pers. ex Fr. Basidiocarps centrally to laterally stipitate, up to 10 cm wide; basidiospores 7-12 x 3-4 um. White raoye pe 2 sey J0D)S Sf aby Zt. Basidiocarps lignicolous, on wood above ground; upper surface glabrous e e e e e e e e ° e ° e e ° e ° e e s e ° es . e e e e 4 Basidiocarps terrestrial, on buried wood; upper surface finely velvety Polyporus melanopus Fr. Basidiocarps centrally stipitate; stipe velvety above black base; basidiospores 8-12 x 3.5-4 um. White OIE GE ZA sho, MUNA 4. Upper surface of basidiocarps pale tan to dull tan, weathering to white Polyporus elegans Bull. ex Fr. Basidiocarps centrally to lateral- ly stipitate, up to 5 cm wide; basidiospores 6-10 x 2.5-3.5 um. White rot of 3 in AT, BC; 9 in*NWT. 348 4, Upper surface of basidiocarps light chestnut brown to blackish Polyporus ptctpes Fr. Basidiocarps centrally to laterally stipi- tate, often lobed or imbricate and growing in clusters, up to 15 cm wide; basidiospores 6-8 x 3-4 um. White rot of 7 in AK, BC. Key to species of Portia Hyphalrsystem monomiticir.) 23 sos ts ..\.< belle isa oh) Gel ten enye eee 2 Hyphalssystem dimitic orm trimiticwe.. < os ess) «lca ere 20 Z. Hyphae with clamp connections ... 15. ac, s+) eee alee S 2.2. Hyphae’ simple=septate-<...6 6) ss) 6 iiseue occ) var enema U3 Pore surface lavender ‘or yellow 3. .1..0.< 1, sl e Neme se om ee 4 Pore, ‘surface’ white: to cream, colored ss) cous. cure nents bc cue aie 5 4, Margin with yellow rhizomorphs; pore surface pale yellow Porta albolutescens (Rom.) Egeland. Basidiospores oval to ellip- soid, 3.5-5 x 2.5-3 um, amyloid in Melzer's reagent. Brown rot ‘one 7A Stig (CO). 4, Margin not rhizomorphic; pore surface variable in color, lavender to pale yellow Porta bombyctna (Fr.) Cke. Basidiospores broadly ellipsoid, 5-8 x 3-5 um, weakly amyloid in Melzer's reagent. Brown rot of 2 in CO; 9° in, Al, BC, Basidiospores ellipsoid to subglobose . <7. 4. s):s res ememenne Basidtospores cy lindcicals 2 c.e.ircms ons 6 vere tll ue ateun me cre a 6. -Dasidlocarps not Thizomorpnic ne % se . « iene ee om eee 6. Basidiocarps rhizomorphic” wn si<. es courses (ol suse euesteoens Basidiospores hyaline; spore print white . =. ...... «4 s Basidiospores becoming brown at maturity; spore print brown WwWOnNO Dd Porta tnerassata (Berk. et Curt.) Burt. Pore surface buff, becom- ing grayish brown in drying; basidiospores narrowly to broadly el- lipsoid, negative in Melzer's reagent, 7-13 x 4.5-6.5 um. Brown COL of 9ein Nb. 8. Capitately incrusted cystidia present Porta sertceomollts (Rom.) Egeland. Basidiospores oblong to cy- lindric-ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2.2.5 um; taste bitter. Brown cubical Tot of-24in BU. MES 63 in BCs. 6510 UND soo) ote bus 8. Capitately incrusted cystidia not present Porta rivulosa (Berk. et Curt.) Cke. Fusoid cystidioles present; basidiospores ovoid to subglobose, 4.5-6 x 3.5-5 um. White lami- FOMENENEYGl SHOE, Chk SheSijoy IYER 7 sey UG il. vas a3: 13. Se A3: 349 Basidiospores amyloid in Melzer's reagent, oblong to ovoid, S=<5) x 2.5-3.0 Lm Porta myceltosa Pk. Pores angular, 1-4 per mm. White rot of 5 in CO-=7 in BC. Basidiospores negative in Melzer's reagent, ovoid to subglobose, P14 sO Yonsei dia ae ape age Porta mollusca (Pers. ex Fr.) Cke. Pores circular to daedaloid, usually 4-7 per mm. White rot of 7 in BC. TOpepas_aLospores allantoid, 1=1.5 im wide... 08. 3 so se. ats 10. Basidiospores straight, 2-3 jm wide .......s+s4+s-. i) Cystidia lacking Porta subvermispora Pilat. Pore surface white to cream colored; pores 2-4 per mm; tubes drying brittle; taste bitter. Brown rot Ole2-in, CO. Capitately incrusted cystidia present in hymenium Porta stmant (Pilat) Gilbn. et Lowe. Pore surface cream colored; tubes drying soft and fragile; cystidia cylindric, 3-4 wm in diam. Brown rot of 9 in AZ. 12. Basidiospores 7-11 x 2-3 um Porta mappa Overh. et Lowe. Basidiocarps often less than 1 mm thick; pore surface cream colored; pores 3-4 per mm. White rot of Seine AK § 12. Basidiospores 4-6 x 2-2.5 um Poria monttcola Murr. Basidiocarps up to 3 mm thick; pore surface cream colored to buff; pores 2-4 per mm. Brown cubical rot of 2 tneCOse LD: 9/7 in BG, OR. Pore surface pinkish brown, rose colored or dark purplish... 14 Pore surface wnite to cream colored’. ).¢. «6, «6 6 s5« ¢ s 6 «6 LO 14. Basidiocarps thin, soft; basidiospores narrowly allantoid Orscvlindr ice) Lipsotd” e607. erie el cnet te camk eueteeee es) stan fs WL 14. Basidiocarps thin to thick; basidiospores ovoid to SDS LOD OS Gok trae cuted von. e vate Wel Lome case cubes er Meee rs are, sea eee aro LO Pore surface rose colored; tube layer not distinctly separated from subiculum; basidiospores cylindric-ellipsoid Porta tarda (Berk.) Cke. Tubes arising as isolated cupules; sub- icular hyphae thin-walled, 3-6 um in diam; basidiospores 4-5 x Z=2.5 Mm. White rot of 3 in BC. Pore surface becoming purple; tube layer purple, distinctly sepa- rated from white, cottony subiculum, basidiospores narrowly allan- toid a0 ie 17. ihe 1. PAL 2 Porta taxtcola (Pers. ex Fr.) Bres. Tubes often developing in scattered areas over a white subiculum; hymenium continuous over edges of dissepiments; cylindric cystidioles present; basidio- spores 4-6 x 1-1.5 wm. White rot of 2 in CO, ID, WA. 16. Basidiocarps not rhizomorphic, drying horny; pores 4=S'PSrt WM sieges 1 sais s.ecs Lares ts <6 Bree suey ete mee Meme cans oun emee AW 16. Basidiocarps rhizmorphic, drying soft and byssoid; pores 2-3 per mm Porta terrestrts (DC ex Fr.) Cke. Pore surface yellow, pinkish or blue; some clamp connections present but most hyphae simple- septate; basidiospores 4-5 x 3-4 um, Undetermined rot of 2 in AZ; BeinoAls )9: an Al. Basidiocarps white, drying pinkish; basidiospores 5-6 x 4-5 um Porta vitrea (Pers. ex Fr.) Cke. Basidiocarps annual; basidia 12-17 x 5-7 wm; basidiospores 5-6 x 4-5 um. White pocket rot of 9. Basidiocarps pinkish, drying pale brown to dark blackish brown; basidiospores 4-5.5 x 3-4 um Porta ntgrescens Bres. Basidiocarps perennial; basidia 17-20 x 10-12 um; basidiospores 3.5-5 x 3.5-5 um. White stringy rot of Vn O « 18. Incrusted cystidia present; basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to ovoid e e e ° ° e e ° ° e e e e e e e e e ° e °. e e e 19 18. Cystidia lacking; basidiospores allantoid Porta rettculata (Pers. et Fr.) Cke. Basidiocarps thin, annual, usually effused in small patches; hymenial surface cupulate at first; basidiospores 7-9.5 x 2-3.5 Um. White rot of 2 in CO; 7 in WA. Basidiospores ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 5-9 x 3-4 Um Porta corttcola (Fr.) Cke. Pores 1-3 per mm; subicular hyphae thin- to thick-walled, 2-5 um in diam. White rot of 8 in CH. Basidiospores ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2.5-3 um Poria similts Bres. Pores 4-6 per mm; subicular hyphae thin- to thick-walled, 2-4 um in diam. White rot of 7 in BC. 20. Thick-walled, incrusted skeletocystidia present .... Pals 20. Cystidia absent, cystidioles present in some species. . 24 Basidiospores ellipsoid to subglobose ......+e«+«.-« so « pigs Basidiospores. cyLindYic. wo) ow ce, ce oe Seo + a rer omirehnte | Lane 23 22. Basidiocarps rhizomorphic; pores 2-5 per mm Porta radula (Pers. ex Fr.) Cke. Pore surface cream colored to pale buff; generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores 3.5-4 x 2-3 um. White rot of 6 in ME. 2 3\ 6 23% ZS Zo PAILS Zi, Sl! 22. Basidiocarps not rhizomorphic; pores 6-8 per mm Porta eupora (Karst.) Cke. Pore surface pinkish buff to vina- ceous; generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores 4-4.5 x 2-2.5 um. White rot of 6 in NY. Pore surface cream colored Porta luteoalba (Karst.) Sacc. Subiculum cream colored to pale buff; generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores cylindric, straight or slightly curved, 4-6 x 1.5-2 um. White pitted and laminated rot of 6 in NH; 9 in QB. Pore surface brownish pink Porta rtxosa (Karst.) Karst. Subiculum pinkish buff; generative hyphae with clamps; basidiospores allantoid, 4-6 x 1.5-2 um. Whteevlaminated rot ol 2 in MTs S A, thallus (x 0.7), B, lobes: bearing partly reflexed apothecia (x 4.5); C, young reflexed apo- thecium and two dark pycnidia (see arrows, x 7.5); D, N.microphyllum (paratype), two pedicellate branched pycni- Gags tlting On the margin of ia, lobe (x 31). kh, Nsmicro— paylium (holotype), part of the thallus covered by flat isidial lobes (x 6). F, N.chubutense (isotype: UPS), part of the *thallus covered by + brown isidial squamules(x/.5). 5 363 being grey-to blue-olive in N.mtcrophyllum and straw-yellow in W.chubutense. In both species the thaws ts covered by flateisidida:or isidial lo- bes. In W.mtcrophyllum the isidial lobes have the same color as the thallus; in W.chubutense they are more or less brown. Table 1. Important taxonomic characters of the Nephroma kuehnemannii-species-group a | § "4 a = ~ dD) = ~ Y 0 > q = G a} 9) Q, V econ eet oa = 6) oceen tonalite tt 2G Fes rc ae le See phenarctin + + - spores multicellular-acicular + + pycnidia composed and pedicellate + + G rhizines present + + - squamulose isidial lobes present - + + thallus upperside straw-yellow + ~ + + + - thallus lower side pale phycobiont Nostoc In N.chubutense the isidia originate as outgrowths of the medullary hyphae as in Peltigera praetextata (Somm.) Vain. (Henssen & Jahns 1973), while in N.microphyllum they arise from a simultaneous outgrowth of cortex cells and the underlying medullary hyphae (Fig 3 G). The globular Fig. 2. Anatomy of Nephroma species (microtome sections). A, N.microphyllum (holotype), upper part of thallus (x 400). B, N.kuehnemannii (Henssen 24590c), upper part of thallus xeA0O)EC=DPON.mrcropnyl lum) (holotype); C,. lis. of xhizine developed from cortical cells (x 100); D, thallus upper cortex bearing a globular structure and moniliform hairs (x630). E, N.microphyllum (paratype), thallus lower cortex with tomentum hairs (x 630). F, N.kuehnemannii (Henssen 24590c), thallus lower cortex bearing some moniliform Naarsu x 2630)... 364 365 cortical structures of N.microphyllum resemble stages of isidial development in Peltigera lepidophyllum (Nyl.)Vain. in which Nostoc cells lying on the thallus surface have been captured and surrounded by hyphae developing from the cortical cells (Henssen & Jahns 1973). In the globular structures of Nephroma microphyllum, however, no algal cells were seen. In N.chubutense isidial lobes are developed abundantly laminally and marginally while in N.mtcrophyllum they are formed predominately al- ong the margin of the lobes. The lower surface is pale in N.kuehnemannt?t and N.mtcrophyllum alth- ough very old thalli of the latter species become darkened, a condition which is normal in W.chubut- ense. Both, W.kuehnemanntt and N.mtcrophyllum pro- duce abundant rhizines which arise mainly from tiewourcer ‘cells ofthe lower cortex (Fig. 2 C)y a PaGcemorsimitar to N resuptnatum (L.) Ach. (Hanne- Manteno 73). MOnilitorm hairs occur in all» three species. In N.mtcrophyllum the tomentum is well developed on the lower side and along the rhizin- esmibigw 29C,) 5) andsis recognized easily with a hand-lens. Some patches of hairs occur on the Uppemmsubbacer (rigs. (29D, 23°). .in Vokuehnemanntt tomentum hairs are rather rare and mainly re- stricted to the margin of the rhizines. The lower surface of N.chubutense is covered in part by a very dense tomentum of moniliform hairs up to 10 Cell seina gh. The structures of the thallus cortices are Similar in the three species. The upper cortices are pseudoparenchymatous, composed of anticlinal thin-walled hyphae with isodiametric cells over- lied by some rows of cells with strongly gelati- nized walls arising from periclinal hyphae. The Fig. 3. Anatomy of Nephroma species (microtom sections). A-B, N.microphyllum (holotype); A, young apothecium (x 100); B, part of hymenium (x470). C, N.kuehnemannii (Henssen 24590c), part of hymenium (x470). D-G, N.microphyllum (Holotype); D, composed pycnidium (x 200); E, branched pyc- nidium with several levels of superimposed pycnidial cavit- ies (x 100). F, upper cortex bearing moniliform hairs (x 700); G, developing isidial lobes (x 200). 366 lower cortex is formed by periclinal hyphae and strengthened by cells added by adjacent medullary hyphae. The cells of the lower cortex are relat- ively roundish and thick-walled in comparison to some other species-groups within the genus Nephroma. Crystals of lichen substances may be deposited in the gelatinous walls of the upper cortex and along the medullary hyphae, thus caus- ing a brownish coloration of the medulla and outer layer of the upper cortex in older parts of the thallus. Apothecia and pycnidia are unknown in Wephroma chubutense. In N.mtecrophylttum and WV.kuehnemanntt the shape, structure and development of the apoth- ecia and pycnidia correspond closely. The apoth- ecia are ultimately more or less reflexed and surrounded by an incised thalline margine (Fig. 1 B,C). A thick uneven supporting tissue is formed below the hymenium like in other Nephroma species (Keuck 1977). The long multiseptate col- orless spores are a characteristic feature. The development of the pycnidia is of special interest. In later stages they are pedicellate and may be branched. The stalk is formed by a successive vertical growth in which a new pycnid- ium is formed in the upper part of the preceding Older cavity; up to four superimposed levels have been observed in W.mtcrophyllum (Fig. 3 D,E) and two in a sectioned pycnidium of W.kuehnemanntt. A branch arises when two young pycnidia are formed simultaneously in the upper part of the old one (Fig. 3 E).The pycnidia in W.kuehnemanntt are ca. 270 pmvlong and 7450 um-thick, theyconiara measure 3.5-4.5 x 1 um. Acicular spores and pedicellate pycnidia with super- imposed cavities are not known from other groups of Nephroma species. Tomentum hairs occur more or less abundantly in a number of species (cf. Wetmore 1960) and similar isidial lobes are present in the N.helveticum -, N.cellulosum - and the N.arcticum-group. Remarks on chemistry. The major constituent of N.mtcrophyllum is a fully substituted depside. The u.v./v.i.s. spectrum (in methanol) shows max- ima at 255) nm, 264m, 374 mm, manitarat 3470s Liew Zien a 299 MM and an sini lextions abesoeo: nm. The mass spectrum (at 70eV, 230°C) yields fragments atn7e150, m/el78,. m/e207 7andrm/e210. «These physical data agree with those given by Bruun Wilvijmrorephenarctins lhinlayeu chromatography, of phenarctin in solvent system C exhibits a Strongly Lluorescence spot Of) R...0.6. The press ence of usnic acid was detected by the use of twozdtrectional.TLCG. hres further dipheny.—-cac= boxytacidesters could be found in the R--classes Gmonoey. Due. to-their Jow concentration Struct ural elucidation has not yet been-possible. The chromatographic separation of the crude lichen extract (in acetone) suggests the presence of FOUGStELICerpinOtas in the R.~-classes 5 sand: 7. =lwo of them possess hopane-character as is concluded from their mass-spectroscopical fragmentation- pattern. A similar spectrum of triterpenoids has been fOoundeby US zn W.kuehnemannt. and N.echuburens 2. Nephroma microphylltum contains one more triterp- enoid than NV.kuehnemannit, and WN.chubutense differs from the other species by the presence of at least one additional triterpenoid, which MmOStmlikely 1syidentical with the hopane-triol tome CeVaeCypHeLlaria mougeotrana (Vain) Del war. dissec a (Mull. Arg.) HeMagn. “(Corbett & Cumming Whee epnrome Ukuennemanntt also contains phen= aLChinysusniC acta cand: the minors. constituents mentioned above for W.mtcrophyllum.The secondary metabolites thus far characterized are nearly identical in the two species. A similarity exists between the secondary metabolites of N.microphyllum and N.kuehnemannii and that of N.arcticum, in which Bruun (1971) demonstrated the existence of phen- arctin (and nephroarctin). However N.arcticum only contains zeorin as a neutral substance and differs moreover by the absence of usnic acid. Further chemical similarities bet- ween N.microphyllum/N.kuehnemannii and other species-groups of Nephroma do not apparently exist. Taxonomic relationships. The correlation of humerous morphological and chemical characters indicates a close taxonomic relationship between N.mterophyllum and N.kuehnemanntt (Table 1). 368 According’ t£o7 thallus morphology and’ the simian pattern of triterpenoids, N.chubutense is obv- 10usly a thards:species’ OL this Clearly-difinee group within the genus Wephroma. Of interest is the correspondance of chemical and morphological features in Nskuehnemannt? and Nimiecropnyllum, Species Containing “dirferent phycobionts .ross1— bly they represent morphotypes in the sense of James & Henssen (1976) but at present we have no direct evidence. On the other hand, the occur- ence Ofwa third *specives | Vechubutvense may inde. ate a larger group of closely related species having evolved in the Patagonian Andes. Dis tisibutivon sand seco logy. sincstineersopeere. of the WV. kuehnemanntt-group were collected in the evergreen Fitzroya-(Alerce-) and/or Notho- fagus dombeyt-(Coihue-) forests of the Southern Andes (Hueck 1966, Lamb 1955, Redon 1974). They Grow, On bark of shady ~-trees/in therrain rorese or in more open areas near streams, and are associated with species of Pseudocyphellartia, Psoroma and other lichen genera. RESUMEN La nueva especie Nephroma (Nephromtum) mtcro- phyltlum Henss. de Argentina se carateriza por tener esporas multiseptadas aciculares, ldbulos isidiales escuamiformes, un tomento de vellos moniliformes a ambos lados del talo y por sus peculiares substancias liquénicas, entre ellas fenarctina, acido Usnico y ciertos triterpenoi= des. Se discute el estrecho parentesco con Nephroma kuehnemanntt M.Lamb y Nephroma chubut- ense M.Lamb. Se indica una nueve localidad para N.kuehnemannt y se describen los picnidos de esta especie. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are greatly indebted to professor Redon, Val- paraiso and the curators of the herbaria in Upp- 369 sala and Buenos Aires to allowing us to study Nephroma material, and to the directors of the Parques Nacionales in Argentina for the colle- CelmcepermLtt. We also thank Mrs. Gu Traute “Lor technical help. The study was supported by a grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft who ausOmpLlovidedia grant for field studies in, South America. REFERENCES Bruunjere) 1.9/1. Phenarctin, a fully substituted depside from Nephroma arcticum. Acta Chem. Scand. /25:5 2837 = Zig di. Corbett, RR. Es and Cumming, S.D. 19/71. Bxtractives. from the lichen Sticta mougeotiana var. Gissecta Del. J. Chem. SOG to 71 Cs 955=-960. Culberson, C.F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thinttlayer chromatographic method. J. Chromatogr. 72: P3175: Hannemann, B. 1973. Anhangsorgane der Flechten. Ihre Struk- tur und ihre systematische Verteilung. J. Cramer,Bibli- Sthecay Lichenologiica vol. ji. \Vaduz. Henssen, A. and Jahns, H.M. 1973 ("1974"). Lichenes, eine Einfthrung in die Flechtenkunde. Stuttgart: Thieme. Hueck, K. 1966. Die Walder Stidamerikas. Okologie, Zusammen- setzung und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Stuttgart: Fischer. James, P. and Henssen, A. 1976. The morphological and tax- onomic significance of cephalodia. In Lichenology: Progress and Problems (D.H. Brown, D.L. Hawksworth and Ren ,aBballey,) eds): 27-77. .bendon, New York) and San Francisco: Academic Press. Keuck, G. 1977. Ontogenetisch-systematische Studie tber Erioderma im Vergleich mit anderen cyanophilen Flech- tengattungen. J. Cramer, Bibliotheca Lichenologica vol. 6, 5Vaduz. Lamb, I. Mackenzie 1955. New lichens from northern Pata- gonia with notes on some related species. Farlowia 4 (4): 423-471. Lamb, I. Mackenzie. 1958. La vegetaci6én liquénica de los Parques Nacionales PatagOnicos. Anales de Parques Nacionales vol. 7. Buenos Aires. 370 Redon, J. 1974. Observaciones sistematicas y ecoldgicas en liquenes del Parque Nacional "Vicente Pérez Rosales". “Anal. Museo Historia Natural 7:. 169-225. Valparaiso, Renner, B. and Gerstner, E. 1978. Dtnnschichtchromato- graphische Isolierung von Flechtenstoffen und deren Tdentitizierung. \Zeitsehr. Naturt.~ 33ec pGinvorine. Wetmore, C.M. 1960. The lichen genus Nephroma in North and Middle America. Michigan State Univ. Biol. Series Hii) 373-452. bast. Lansing. MYCOTAXON Nore sil s MNO. 22, 4pp’. “371-372 July-September 1978 A STUDY OF AMANITA TYPES II. A. OCREATA PECK DAVID T. JENKINS Department of Biology, University of Alabama in BuUuningham Birmingham, AL 35294 The first publication of this series (Jenkins, 1978) described and/or designated type specimens of names in Amanita by C. H. Peck. Since then, the type of A. ocreata, not included in the above, was located. Herein, this specimen is described and implicitly designated as the holotype. Colors from the original description are italicized. Amanita ocreata Peck. 1909. Torrey Bot. Club Bull. 36: 330. Holotype (Implicit: des. mihi): Claremont, California, i. 1909, C. F. Baker s.n.(NYS). PILEUS: approximately 6 cm broad, plano-convex, white, margin not striate; volva as a very thin, floccose-membranous patch covering most of the pileus surface. LAMELLAE: moderately crowded, broadly Sinuate, white. STIPE: 8 x 1.2 cm, cylindric, hollow, slightly fibrillose below annulus, becoming glabrous toward base, white, base not inflated; annulus superior, thin membranous; volva white, 3 cm deep, margin entire and free, membranous, saccate. PILEIPELLIS: filamentous hyphae densely interwoven to subradial, slightly gelatinized. PILEUS TRAMA: undifferentiated filamentous hyphae up to 8 um diam; inflated cells oblong elliptic, clavate, to fusiform, up to 95 x 15 um. LAMELLA TRAMA: bilateral; filamentous hyphae up to 9 um diam, moderately branched, no clamps; inflated cells oblong elliptic to clavate, terminal or short, terminal chains. SUBHYMENIUM: hyphae inflated ramose to subcellular, no clamps. BASIDIA: up to 55 x 6-14 um, 4-sterigmate, thin-walled, no clamps. VOLVA: remnants at base of stipe almost exclusively filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 11 um diam, no clamps, randomly oriented; inflated cells rare, clavate, terminal, up to 140 x 15 um: volva on pileus same as that at base of stipe. STIPE: filamentous hyphae undifferentiated, moderately abundant, sparsely branched, up to 10 um diam, no clamps; inflated cells narrowly clavate, terminal, longitudinally oriented, up to 374 x 37.6 um. PARTIAL VEIL: composed primarily of filamentous hyphae, moderately branched, up to 7 um diam, randomly interwoven, no clamps; inflated cells numerous, terminal, clavate, up to 30 x 10 um, occasionally with refractile contents. SPORES: 9.4-10.9(11.7) x 7.0-8.6 um (E = 1.21-1.46; El 120), broadly elliptic to elliptic, often adaxially flattened, hyaline, amyloid, thin-walled; contents guttulate; apiculus sublateral, cylindric. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. John H. Haines, Senior Scientist, State Museum, Albany, N.Y., for locating the specimen studied. Thanks are also extended to Dr. R. H. Petersen for reviewing this article. LITERATURE CITED Jenkins, D. T. 1978. A Study of Amanita Types. I. Taxa Described by C. H. Peck. Mycotaxon 7(1): 23-44. MYCOTAXON Vole bie, NOW 2. pp 63752570 July-September 1978 A NEW BLUING SPECIES OF PSILOCYBE FROM FLORIDA, UeS-A- by Gasté6n Guzman Escuela Nacional Ciencias Bioldédgicas, I.P.N. Apartado Postal 26-378 México 16, D.F.e, México and Steven H. Pollock Herbal Medicine Research Foundation P.O. Box 29187 San Antonio, Texas 78229, U.S.A. During the II International Mycological Congress at Tampa, Florida, U.S.A., in September 1977, one of the authors (Pollock) collected near Tampa an undescribed bluing species of Psilocybe. This interesting novelty is described below. This is the third record of bluing species of Psilocybe in Florida. The first was made by Murrill (1941) who described Stropharia cyanescens Murr., a synonym of Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. (Singer, 1948) and a very common hallucinogenic fungus throughout Florida. The second record of a bluing species of Psilocybe from Florida was made by Guzman and Thiers (1977) who reported P. mammillata (Murr.) Smith, previously known only from Jamaica. This paper precedes a monograph on the genus Psilocybe in preparation by the senior author. He expresses his thanks to the Guggenheim Memorial Foundation at New York for supporting his research. He also expresses his thanks to the directors of the herbaria NY and PC for loan of types. Pollock gratefully acknowledges Dr. R.eL. Taylor at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Anto- nio for providing laboratory facilities to conduct part of his research. The authors further thank Dr. D.E. Stuntz and Dr. GAs Escobar, both at the University of Washington in Seattle, for critical review of this paper. Psilocybe tampanensis Guzman & Pollock, sp. nov. Fig. 1 Pileo circa 24 mm lato, convexo vel subumbilicato, leve, hygrophano, subviscido, ochraceo-brunneo. Lamellis subadnatis, brunneo-violaceis, marginibus albidis. Stipite Circa 50 x 2 mm, rufobrunneo, leve, basi caerulescente; sine annulo. Carne caerulescente, odore et sapore farina- ceis. Sporis (7./-) 8.8-9.9 (-12) x (eb me (-9.9) x bebe. um, frontaliter subrhomboideis, lateraliter sub- ellipsoideis. Pleurocystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 16-22 x 4-9 pam, cCopiosis, lageniformibus, hyalinis, collo longis et flexuosis, 2.2-3 um latis. Subhymenio hyalino, eee eer eee pigmento flavo-brunneo intercelluloso irregulariter deposi- to. Epicute subgelatinosa. Terricola. Typus: Pollock, Sept. BS 1577. prope Brandon, Tampa, Florida, sU es. Aw CENCB ). eoeseneen © deemetee 0 See Fig. 1. Psilocybe tampanensis Guzman & Pollock (type), wild carpophore (photo by Pollock). Pileus about 24 mm broad, convex to slightly umbilica- te, smooth, subviscid, hygrophanous, ochraceous brown to straw brown, slightly bluish at the margin. Lamellae sub- adnate, dark violet brown with whitish edges. Stipe about 50 x 2 mm, fibrous, slightly thickened at the base, smooth but subflocculose. at the apex, yellowish brown to reddish brown, with whitish to cesious base. Flesh whitish to yellowish, thin, staining blue when cut. Odor and taste slightly farinaceous. Spore print violaceous purpuraceous brown. Spores (7.7-) 8.8-9.9 (-12) x (6-) 7-8.8 (-9.9) x 5.5- 6.6 pm, subrhombic in face view, subelliptic in side view, brownish yellow (in KOH), with thick smooth wall,a distinct Be, germ pore, and a short appendage. Basidia 14-22 x 8-10 am, tetrasporic, hyaline, vesiculose or subclaviform. Pleuro- cystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 16-22 x 4-9 am, lageniform, with a more or less flexuous long neck 2.2-3 pm in diameter, sometimes irregularly branched, hyaline, abundant, forming a sterile band at the edge of the gill. Subhymenium hyali- ne, but with yellow brown (in KOH) pigment irregularly in- crusted on the walls. Trama regular, light brown to dark yellowish brown, with diffuse pigment; hyphae 10 ~m in diameter. Epicutis subgelatinized, consisting of parallel, thin (about 2 ~m wide), hyaline hyphae. Hypodermium formed by pigmented to hyaline, elongated to subglobose hyphae. Clamp connections present. Habitat and distribution. Solitary on sandy soil ina meadow. Known only from the type locality. Material examined. U.S.A., Florida, near Tampa, SE of Brandon, Sept. 3, 1977, Pollock (Type, ENCB). Cultural observations. Mycelia were obtained from a spore print of the type on 1% malt extract agar and then brought to fruition in San Antonio by casing spawn grown on ryegrass seeds and crimped oats. Procedures for spawn production on these seed media and subsequent methodology leading to fructification were essentially identical to those employed by Pollock (1977). Casing mycelia grown on composted cattle manure also resulted in formation of fruit bodies. Fruit bodies obtained in culture using a fluores- cent light source (Pollock 101 and 102, Dec. 1977, ENCB) did not attain full size during their development and usua- lly failed to sporulate. Pileus small (less than 10 mm in diameter); stipe thin (1-2 mm in width), usually very short (less than 35 mm in length) or sometimes elongated (up to 113 mm in length). P. tampanensis is strongly heliotropic. Fruit bodies obtained in a fiberglass greenhouse (Pollock 110, March 1977, ENCB) were robust and sporulated copious- ly. Pileus sometimes reached 38 mm in diameter; stipe thick (often 4-5 mm wide) and reached up to 60 mm in length. Carpophores tend to grow in large clusters on the casing soil. Both browing and bluing are observed. The former tends to predominate unless the latter is accelera- ted by handling or tissue damage. These same oxidative phenomena occur in sclerotia produced by mycelia in culti- vation. Production of sclerotia in cultivation was observed for P. mexicana (Heim & Cailleux, 1957, and Heim et al., 1958). Guzman (1978) reported sclerotia in wild conditions in P. caerulescens and Pollock (1978) has observed their socio-economic importance to the Mazatecs of Oaxaca. It is interesting to note that for Psilocybe sclerotia have been reported in P. mexicana, P. caerulescens, and P. tampanen- sis. Discussion. P. tampanensis is close to P. mexicana Heim and P. caerulescens Murr. but differs from the former in the shape of the fruiting body and size of the basidia and from the latter in the size of spores and cheilocysti- dia. In fact, P. mexicana has a mycenoid habit and basidia 22-24 (-32) x 7.7=11 pm; where as P. caerulescens has a collybioid habit, spores (6-) 6.7-8 (=8.5) x 5.2-6.5 x 3.3- 5.2 um, and cheilocystidia 15-22 x (3-) 4.4-5.5 pum, accord- ing to examination made by the senior author of both types (PC and NY respectively). P. tampanensis seems to be a subtropical species intermediate between P. caerulescens and P. mexicana. P. caerulescens occurs from Alabama (U.S.A.) to Venezuela (a new rocord recently made by the senior author), and P. mexicana has a distribution from Mexico to Guatemala (recently reported from the latter country by Lowy, 1977). Both fungi are hallucinogenic and are found in meadows or open places of the subtropical forests. Because of its close relationships with the pre- viously mentioned hallucinogenic species, P. tampanensis is very probably to contains psilocin and psilocybin. A bioas- say by Pollock has established that this fungus is psychoac tive in man. Literature cited Guzman, G., 1978. Further investigations of the Mexican hallucinogenic mushrooms with descriptions of new taxa and critical observations on additional taxa. Nova Hedwigia (in press). Guzman, G. and H.D. Thiers, 1978. Psilocybe mammillata in Florida. Mycotaxon 6: 477-480. Heim, R. and R. Cailleux, 1957. Culture pure et obtention semi-industrielle des Agarics hallucinogenes du Mexique. Comptes Rendus Ac. Sc. 244: 3109-3114. Heim, R., A. Brack, H. Kobel, A. Hofmann and R. Cailleux, 1958. Determinisme de la formation des carpophores et des sclerotes dans la culture du Psilocybe mexicana Heim, Agaric hallucinogénes du Mexique, et mise en evidence de la psilocybine et de la psilocine. Idem 246: 1346-1351. ; Lowy, B., 1977. Hallucinogenic mushrooms in Guatemala. Jour. Psychedelic Drugs 9: 123-125. Murrill, W.A., 1941. Some Florida novelties. Mycologia 33: 279-287. Pollock, S.H., 1977. Magic mushroom cultivation. Herbal Medicine Research Foundation, San Antonio. Pollock, S.H., 1978. Camotillos. Psychomycophile 1 (in press). Singer, R., 1948. Diagnose Fungorum novorum Agaricaliun. Beih. Sydowia 2: 26-42. MYCOTAXON VOtemN CL NO P28 PDO / 585 July-September 1978 STUDIES ON THE LICHEN FAMILY THELOTREMATACEAE. 4* Mason E. Hale, Jr. Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560 Abstract Ten new species in the lichen family Thelotremataceae are described: Ocellularta dtacida Hale, 0. karnatakensis Hale, 0. minuta Hale, 0. patwardhanit Hale, Phaeotrema psoromtcum Hale, P. scabridum Hale, Thelotrema exile Hale, T. planartum Hale, Leptotrema afrtcanum Hale, and L. mamnt- culum Hale. The new combination Ocellularta astroitdea (Berk. & Broome) Hale is proposed, and Phaeotrema aggregatum Hale, Thelotrema dislaceratum Kremph., and 7. papitlloswm Hale are discussed. 1. OCELLULARIA ASTROIDEA (Berk. & Broome) Hale, comb. nov. Bre cel Platygrapha astroitdea Berk. & Broome, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14:109. 1875. Type collection: Ceylon. Thwattes 629 (K). Specimens examined. Sri Lanka. Sabaragamuwa Prov.: Sinharaja Forest Reserve near Weddagala, Hale 47127 (US); Gilimale Forest Reserve, Hale 46297, 46365 (US). Southern Prov.: Moravaka Hill near Deniyaya, Hale 47037-(GS). This species was originally described as a fungus and even trans- ferred to the genus Cryptoditscus. It is, however, lichenized, a member of the Ocellularta alborosella complex, and characterized by a broad, thin, lightly pruinose disk (0.7-1.5 mm wide), a delicate, recurved thalline margin with or without a persistent inner exciple, and the dark hypophloeodal thallus. The spores are small (3-4 X 10-15 pm) and I neg- ative. There are no chemical substances present. The species is known only from lowland rainforest in Sri Lanka where it typically occurs on the lower trunk. *All chemical tests were done with thin-layer chromatography in two solvent systems. I would like to acknowledge the logistical support of the Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science, Poona, in India and the Flora of Ceylon Project in Sri Lanka. Contribution No. 3 in this series was published in Mycotaxon 3: 173-181. 1975. 578 2. OCELLULARIA DIACIDA Hale, sp. nov. ELG ee Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, planus vel verruculosus, aetate rimosus, pallide castaneus, 6-10 cm latus; apothecia numerosa, semi- emergentia vel vix emergentia, 0.4-0.6 mm diametro, apice fuliginea, columellata, columella 50-75 wm diametro, excipulo proprio connato; hymenium 90-100 wm altum; sporae 8:nae, incolores, transversim 6-8 loculatae, 4-8 X 16-25 pm, I+ caerulescentes. Chemistry: Two unknown substances (H SO, + brown) forming a double spot above norstictic acid in Culberson's solvents A and B along with possible traces of norstictic acid. Holotype: Evergreen forest, Devimane Ghat on Kumtha-Sirsi road, Karnataka, India, elev. about 100 m, M. E. Hale 47933 (US; isotype in AMH). Additional specimens examined. India. Karnataka: Hebri-Udipi road, Hale 47893 (US); Ballur, Sagar-Anandpur road, Hale 47872, 48085 (US); Kumtha, Patwardhan & Kulkarni 77.132 (AMH, US). This species externally resembles 0. perforata (Lgt.) Mtill. Arg. but can be distinguished by the more emergent, verruculose apothecia and unique chemistry. It is apparently endemic to the evergreen mon- soon forests in the Western Ghats region at lower elevations. 3. OCELLULARIA KARNATAKENSIS Hale, sp. nov. Fig..3 Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, crassus, opacus, bullatus vel crasse isidiatus, isidiis solidis, usque ad 0.5 mm diametro, apice nitidis, albidis, pallide castaneus, ad 12 cm latus. Apothecia immersa, 0.4-0.7 mm diametro, columellata, columella ca. 150 ym diametro; ostiolum parvum, rotundatum, 0.1 mm latum, albo-pruinoso-annulatum; hymenium ca. 280 ym altum; sporae 2-4:nae, incolores, transversim 12-16 loculatae, 10-12 X 90-150 wm, I+ caerulescentes. Chemistry: "Chonestoma" series (K-, P-). Holotype: Liana in evergreen forest, 5 km SE of Yellapur, Karnataka, India, elev. about 600 m, M. E. Hale 46205, 25 Feb. 1977 (US; isotype in AMH). Additional specimens examined. India. Karnataka: Devimane Ghat, Hale 47860 (US); Agumbe-Koppa road, Hale 47870 (US); Yellapur to Karwar, 2-10 km east of Yellapur, Hale 48020 (US). The "chonestoma" series includes a spot from the Ocellularia oltvacea series (see Hale, 1974:24) and a higher one, reacting yellow- ish rather than gray with H2S0,, which is absent in 0. oltvacea. It is found in 0. groenhartit Hale, also known from India, another large- spored species with semi-emergent apothecia. Ocellularia karnatakensts is distinguished morphologically by the flush or immersed apothecia and the often conspicuously developed "isidia," which are exceptionally coarse and perhaps better defined as cylindrical verrucae. The species is typical of the evergreen monsoon forest at the edge of the Western Ghats at 600-800 m elevation, occurring on lower trunks and lianas. o79 4. OCELLULARIA MINUTA Hale, sp. nov. Fig. 4 Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, crassus, nitidus, planus, aetate rimosus, pallide viridi-albus, usque ad 10 cm latus; apothecia numerosa, dispersa, immersa, ca. 0.2 mm diametro, intus pallida, columella nulla atque excipulo proprio evanescenti; hymenium ca. 90 gim altum; sporae 8:nae, male evolutae, incolores, 4 X 15 pm, transversim 5-6 loculatae, I+ caeruleae. Chemistry: Fumarprotocetraric acid. Holotype: Virgin rain forest along trail over Moravaka Hill south- west of Deniyaya, Matara District, Southern Province, Sri Lanka, eleva- tion about 200 m, M. E. Hale 47033 (US; isotypes in BM, PDA). Additional specimen examined. Sarawak: Mt. Matang, Hale 30768 (US). This species differs from others with flush, immersed apothecia (e.g. O. alba (Fée) Miill. Arg.) in having very small pores. The chem- istry is unique, no other species in the genus being known with fumar- protocetraric acid. It is a canopy species in lowland dipterocarp forests. 5. OCELLULARIA PATWARDHANII Hale, sp. nov. Bige 2 Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, nitidus, continuus sed valde ver- ruculosus, pallide castaneo-albidus, 5-7 cm latus. Apothecia numerosa, emergentia, 0.8-1.2 mm diametro, amphithecio verrucoso, columella nulla, excipulo proprio non persistenti; ostiolum rotundatum minutumque, plus minusve depressum, 0.05-0.1 mm diametro; hymenium ca. 250 wm altun; sporae 1-2:nae, incolores (vel aetate fuscescentes), transversim 20-30 loculatae, 21-25 X 150-210 pm, I+ caerulescentes. Chemistry: Norstictic acid. Holotype: Near Agumbe, Karnataka, India, elev. about 600 m, P. G. Patwardhan 77.426, 28 Feb. 1977 (AMH; isotype in US). Additional specimen examined. India. Karanataka: Evergreen forest, Agumbe-Koppa road, Hale 47961 (US). The diagnostic feature of this Indian endemic is the presence of norstictic acid, a very rare acid in the genus (known so far only in an undescribed species from New Zealand). The apothecia are semiemergent but barely distinguishable from the thalloid verrucae except for the small pore. The Hale 47961 collection, which has brownish spores, is senile and covered with epiphytic algae. Darkening of similarly large spores is also known in 0. fecunda (Vainio) Hale (see Hale, 1974:20). This is another species peculiar to the evergreen monsoon forest of the Western Ghats. It is named in honor of Dr. P. G. Patwardhan, lichenol- ogist at the Maharashtra Association for the Cultivation of Science. 380 6. PHAEOTREMA AGGREGATUM Hale Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 16:29. 1974. Type collection: Dominica, Hale 35229 (US, holotype). Additional specimens examined. Sri Lanka. Western Province: Morapitiya logging area, Hale 51021 (US); South of island: Thwaites C.L. 167 (BM, S, UPS). Dominica: Dom-Can logging area at Dleau Gommier, elev. 1600-1700 ft., Hale 35177 (US). This species is now represented by a second collection from Domin- ica, which had previously been misidentified as a Phaeographts, It is also known, rather unexpectedly, from Sri Lanka from a Thwaites collec- tion made in the 1860's and identified by Leighton (1869) as Thelotrema aubertanum. I recollected it on tree tops in dipterocarp forest. It has clustered chroodiscoid apothecia and a thin, waxy, often olivaceous thallus. 7. PHAEOTREMA PSOROMICUM Hale, sp. nov. Fig. 6 Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, nitidus, minute verrucosus, spar- sissime isidiato-bullatus, pallide brunneo-albus (in herbario), 5-8 cm latus; apothecia numerosa, immersa vel semi-emergentia, 0.3-0.6 mm di- ametro, apice fuliginea, columella nulla, excipulo proprio non dis- tincto; ostiolum rotundatum, ca. 0.1 mm diametro; hymenium ca, 120 ym altum; sporae 8:nae, fuscae, 8-10 X 20-24 pm, transversim 5-6 loculatae, Chemistry: Psoromic acid. Holotype: On tree, Mt. Gegerbentang, West Java, elev. 1800 mn, P. Groenhart 2200 (L; isotype in US). This ecolumellate species has apothecial structure similar to the ecolumellate populations of Ocellularta papillata (Lgt.) Zahlbr. (see Hale, 1974:24). Other psoromic acid-containing species of Phaeotrema have either much larger emergent apothecia or a columella. 8. PHAEOTREMA SCABRIDUM Hale, sp. nov. Pig Thallus humicola vel muscicola, fragilis, opacus, minute scabridus, albus, 8-12 cm latus; apothecia semi-emergentia vel fere erecta, aggre- gata, cum thallo concolora, 0.3-0.5 mm diametro, intus pallida, colu- mella nulla, excipulo proprio non distincto; ostiolum nigrum, rotun- datum, 0.05-0.1 mm diametro; hymenium 65-75 pm altum; sporae 8:nae, fuscae, 6 X 12-14 pm, transversim 3-4 loculatae. Chemistry: Psoromic and norpsoromic acids. Holotype: On humus in open forest on Tourist Trail between Layang Layang and Paka Cave, Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, elev. 2700-2900 nm, M. E. Hale 28055, August 1964 (US). Additional specimen examined. Sabah: Layang Layang, Kinabalu National Park, Hale 28346 (US). This species is distinguished by the white, scabrid thallus and Sioa! the unusual habitat, exposed detritus and humus or tree bases. It has no close relatives in the genus. 9. THELOTREMA DISLACERATUM Kremph. Fig. 8 Giorn.=Bot. ital. 7:17. 1875. Type-colléction: Sarawak, Beccart 208 (M, lectotype). This species was first published without spore information as Thelotrema (?) dtslaceratum. I re-examined the type and was able to find colorless, muriform spores about 10 X 20 pm in size. It is, therefore, correctly placed in Thelotrema. The disc is open, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, irregular in outline, and slightly pruinose. The coarse thal- line margin is carbonized and erect, almost chroodiscoid but lacking any trace of a proper exciple. Psoromic and norpsoromic acid are present. The only other psoromic acid-containing species in Thelo- trema with an open disc is 7. wrtghttt Tuck., which has a coarse non- carbonized rim and spores about 6 X 12 pm (see Hale, 1978: 48). 10. THELOTREMA EXILE Hale, sp. nov. bya) Thallus corticola et muscicola, epiphloeodes, fragilis, nitidus, crasse verruculosus, cremeo-albidus, 10 cm latus; apothecia emergentia, amphithecio verruculoso, 0.7-1.0 mm diametro, intus pallida, excipulo proprio connato; ostiolum rotundatum, depressum, 0.1 mm diametro; hy- menium pallidum, ca. 300 pm altum; sporae l:nae, 40-50 X 200-225 pn, dense murales, I+ caeruleae. Chemistry: Psoromic acid. Holotype: Small ridge just above E. Mesilau River, Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, elev. 1900 m, M. E. Hale 28249, Aug. 1964 (US). The closest relative is 7. endoxanthwn Mill. Arg. from Australia, which also has psoromic acid and large spores but differs in having a nonbullate, thicker thallus. The thallus of 7. extle is thin and fragile. Apothecia are barely distinguishable from the coarsely ver- rucose thallus. 11. THELOTREMA PAPILLOSUM Hale Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 16:36. 1974. Type collection: Dominica, Hale 38124 (US). This species, previously known only from Dominica, has been col- lected a second time by Oberwinkler and Poelt on the mountain El Avila north of Caracas. It is an inconspicuous species with the apothecia nearly lost among the irregular, erupting masses. Specimen examined. Venezuela. Distrito Federal: El Avila, elev. 2000-2200 m, Oberwinkler and Poelt s.n. (M, US). See 12. THELOTREMA PLANARIUM Hale, sp. nov. Big clo Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, nitidus, laevis, aetate fissus, cinereo-albus, 5-7 cm latus. Apothecia numerosa, immersa vel vix emer- gentia, 0.4-0.8 mm diametro, columellata, columella ca. 90 pm diametro, raro deficienti; ostiolum rotundatum, albo-annulatum, 0.1-0.18 mm di- ametro; hymenium 100-120 pm altum; sporae 8:nae, incolores, 0-1 X 5-6 loculatae, 9-10 X 15-20 pm, I+ caerulescentes. Chemistry: Psoromic and norpsoromic acids. Holotype: Gudampara, Cardamom Hills, Kerala, India, elev. 1100 m M. E. Hale 46427, 25 Jan. 1976 (US; isotype in AMH). Additional specimen examined. India. Kerala: Kumili-Devicolam road, Hale 46548 (US). The psoromic acid-containing species of Thelotrema form a diffi- cult, intergrading series. Thelotrema planartum stands alone in having nearly flush apothecia, a thick thallus, and a central columella. In India it is closest to 7. masonhalet Patw. & Kulk., which has a small, white-rimmed pore and large spores. 13. LEPTOTREMA AFRICANUM Hale, sp. nov. Fig. 11 Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, verruculosus, opacus scabridusque, pallide viridi-cinereus, 2-4 cm latus; apothecia numerosa, separata, emergentia, aetate basin constricta, urceolata, amphithecio cum thallo concoloro, scabrido, 0.8-1.0 mm diametro, intus pallida, columella nulla, excipulo proprio persistenti, crasso; ostiolum rotundatum, vix annulatum vel albo-cinctum, ca. 0.15 mm diametro, excipulo interiori prominenti; hymenium ca. 300 pm altum; sporae l:nae, fuscae, 45-60 X 150-170 pm, dense murales, I-. Chemistry: No substances present. Holotype: On tree in rain forest, near Forestry House, Amani, Usambara Mtns., Tanga Prov., Tanzania, elev. ca. 900 m, R. Moberg 1464b (UPS; isotype in US). Additional specimen examined. Same locality as holotype, Santesson 23134 (Santesson herbarium, US). The large, noncarbonized apothecia, annulate pore with the inner free exciple appearing as in inner pore, and the dull scabrid thallus are distinctive features of this Leptotrema. It is known only from the type locality. 14. LEPTOTREMA MAMMICULUM Hale, sp. nov. Ficus Thallus corticola, epiphloeodes, nitidus, minute verrucosus, pal- lide castaneus, ca. 5 cm latus; apothecia numerosa, congesta, valde emergentia, aetate basin constricta, urceolata, 0.6-0.8 mm diametro, intus pallida, columella nulla, excipulo proprio connato; ostiolum con- spicue annulatum, albo-cinctum, 0.15-0.2 mm diametro; hymenium ca. 150 Am altum; sporae 8:nae, fuscae, 10-12 X 20-24 pm, transversim 3-5 loc- ulatae, longitudinaliter 1-2 loculatae. 383 Chemistry: Protocetraric acid. Holotype: Canopy in virgin dipterocarp forest at the TIMEX logging area west of Ipil, base of Mt. Silligain, Zamboanga del Sur Prov., Philippines, elev. about 200 m, M. E. Hale 24797, June 1964 (US). The crowded urceolate apothecia and conspicuously annulate pore set this species apart from all others in the genus. Literature Cited Hale, M. E. 1974. Morden-Smithsonian Expedition to Dominica: The Lichens (Thelotremataceae). Smtthsontan Contr. Bot. 16:1-46. Hale, M. E. 1978. A Revision of the Lichen Family Thelotremataceae in Panama. Smtthsontan Contr. Bot. 38:1-60. Leighton, W. A. 1869, The Lichens of Ceylon collected by G. H. K. Thwaites. Trans. Linnean Soc, London, 27:161-185. Explanation of figures 1-12:1, Ocellularta astroidea (Hale 46297); 2, 0. dtaectda (Hale 47933); 3, 0. karnatakensts (Hale 46205); 4, O. mtnuta (Hale 47033); 5, O. patwardhanit (Patwardhan 77.426); 6, Phaeotrema psoromitcum (Groenhart 2200); 7, P. scabridum (Hale 28055); 8, Thelotrema dislaceratum (Beecart 208 in M); 9, 7. exile (Hale 28249); 10, 7. planarium (Hale 46427); 11, Leptotrema africanum (Moberg 14646) ; 12, L. mammtculum (Hale 24797). Scale shown in figs. 6 and 12 is 1 mm. 384 385 MYCOTAXON Vol. MiiLE ONO ve 2 pp a 500-492 July-September 1978 TYPE STUDIES ON *CLAVARTOID FUNGI Pay. A FEW AUSTRALASIAN TAXA. RONALD H. PETERSEN Department of Botany, Untverstty of Tennessee, Knoxuttte, Tennessee 37916 “USA As cited in other papers (Petersen, 1978a, b), I had the privilege of collecting clavarioid fungi in Australiasin 1977. As valuable as field experience may be, however, /the foundation of taxonomy remains the type method, and an incorrect interpretation of names only adds confusion to the literatvuresinstead of order. All of the taxa reported herein either were described from Australian specimens or were suspected of occurring there. Because all were treated in some way by Corner (19507, 1970)5 the best authority on Pacific clavarioid fungi, no surprises were anticipated in the examination of these types, but surprises were forthcoming nonetheless. These are included in the comments following each taxon. Clavarta archert Berkeley. 1860 Fl. Tasmanica. t. 180 yer1e- 3 (teste Corner, 1950). Type: ~Kr="Tasmania, nodave ssn. Fruit body (one) in.two fragments (fig. 3); total about 2.5 cm high, about 8 mm broad, simple, laterally flattened (thickness about 1.5 mm), solid; apex shallowly lobed. Basidia 55-65 X 6.2-6.8 um, clavate, clamped, somewhat refringent under phase contrast; contents homogeneous (in preservation?) to obscurely heterogeneous but not clearly guttulate; sterigmata 4, stout, conical, divergent, not cornute. Spores: (fig. -4)..5.6-6.7 X 5.2-6.0 Um) Ce = 0 7-1 pe = 1.15; L™ = 6.32 um), subglobose to very broadly ellip- soid, usually slightly flattened adaxially; wall thin; contents homogeneous; apiculus papillate, less than 1 um long. Although presumably an aberrant fruit body, almost all descriptions of the taxon have faithfully reproduced the idea of the flabellately clavate apex, either because of some reference in the original description (which I have not seen), or examination of the type specimen. 387 Explanation of figures Peele sein O.Lavari a aurantrda...- 14 krruie bodies. Sea vopores... “rigs. 3, 4. Clavarta archer? ss: 3. Fruit bodyws 4. Spore.» Figs, 5,\ 6. Clavarta lortithamnne. WevePritttspoayig: Showing coutline om missing "portions A-G) Description du champignon Sur les feuilles du Saccharum offietnarum (clone F 173) (Graminées), aA Kuangfu, Whalian, Formose, leg. Shou-kung Sun Coe oe ey en 2 aot (19 77% Macules invisibles. Fructifications amphigénes, invisi- bles a l'oeil nu, méme a-la loupe. Stromas absents. Hyphes externes amphiphylles, sortant de l'ostiole des stomates, brun olivatre pale, ramifiées, cloisonnées, 2.0-2.5 umedesLarge (FIG. 1,«A et. Bj. Conidiophores toujours solitaires, é6mis latéralement par les oiyphes externes, drovts ou arqués )‘brunsolivatre pale sur eeouteslay longeur,)clo1sonnés: (1-4) 4. 10-45" x23 70-33 5um, -avec D-lavensculation- etia apex, arrondi.ou,.coudé~ et, orné dune ou deux Cicatrices: conidrvennes, brun noir (FIG, -1, A vetss). Conidiesccylindriques’ ou filiformes:,, brunvolivatre pale, droites ou légérement arquées, divisées par 1-11 cloisons transversales, 4a apex arrondi, a base subtronquée et ornée ivaneceacatrice brun noir, 20-90 * 220-3.0- um (FIG. <1, C). 394 Caractéres taxinomiques D'aprés Butler (1906), Matsumoto et Yamamoto (1934), Yen et (611 /019572)-,. ‘Chupp) CLI SS), “cens Po. eC Ghar SCL oo}. eon (1955) et Yen (1958), il existerait sept iespéces de Cercospo— ra parasites du Saccharum (C. atrofiltformis Yen, Lo et Chi, C.. sacchartcola Sun, C. tatwanensie Mats. et Yams, “Cy okopmes Krueg., ¢.. longipes Buttle, Ca rubropurpnureajoun, (Ctr Cr radar. mae Krueg.), chacune d'entre elles montrant des macules car- actéristiques et de couleur constante. | Par contre, notremrc— colte ne présente aucune trace de macules. Nous considérons donc ce champignon comme nouveau, avec la diagnose suivante: Cercospora whalianensis nov. sp. Maculis nullis. Caespitulis amphiphyllis. Stromatibus nullis. Hyphis sterilibus amphiphyllis, ex stomatibus oriundis, septatis, ramosis, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, 2.0- 2.5 um crassis. Conidiophoris amphiphyllis, solitariis, pallide brunneo- olivaceis, ex hyphis sterilibus oriundis, simplicibus, erectis vel cur- vatis, 1-4 septatis, 0-1 geniculatis, ad apicem rotundatis et 1-2 cica- tricibus conidiorum manifestibus, 10-45 x 3.0-3.5 um. Conidiis cylindra- ceis vel filiformibus, pallide brunneo-olivaceis, rectis vel leniter cur- vatis, 1-11 septatis, antice rotundatis, inferne cylindraceis, celluia basali in hilum subtruncatum et atrobrunneum, 20-90 x 2.0-3.0 um. Habitat in foliis vivis Saccharit officitnart (F 173), Kuangfu, Wha- lian, Formosa, ad Shou-kung Sun ,(S.K.S. 174), 12 Auge. 1977). Le CERCOSPORA LONGIPES Butl. Mem... Dept... Agr.) India, «Bot. oer. @. GS )c sede ou (FIG? 214") eeneE) Sur les feuilles du Saccharum offtetnarum (clone) F 173) (Graminées), a Kuangfu, Whalian, Formose, leg. Shou-kung Sun (Se hao, ioe woe OUI e lO fay ss Macules trés nettes, uniformément brun ou brun foncé, grisatres au centre chez les plus agées, isolées, dispersées sur toute la surface de la feuille, fusiformes ou oblongues, LA (ON 2 Peo mm Fructifications amphigénes, invisibles 4a l'oeil nu, mais laissant voir, a da loupe, des petits poils noirss correspon: dant aux fascicules de conidiophores du champignon. Stromas absents. Conidiophores amphiphylles, sortant de l'ostiole des stomates, en fascicules par groupe de 3-16, simples, érigés ou flexueux, uniformément bruns, cloisonnés (4-15), avec 0-8 petites géniculations,| a apex arrondi: ou coudé crasouventac né+d'une:cicatrice. des spores: brun-noiy, mesurantezo2. 0m 3.024..0 ym Pic. 1. 7D). Conides hyalines, obclaviformes, droites ou arquées, di- visées par 3-9 cloisons transversales, a apex mince’or f1ili- forme (a peine 1.0 wm de diamétre), a base subtronquée et couronnée d'une cicatrice brun noir, mesurant 45-85 x 3.0-4.0 UMS ebb les eis D'aprés Butler (1906) et Hughes, Abbott et Wismer (1964), la maladie de "Brown Spot" de la canne 4a sucre, provoquée par —— 595 Cercospora longipes Butl. est non seulement commun aux Inaes: mais aussi dans les autres pays tropicaux sauf Australie et Formose. Toutefois Dr. W. L. Hsieh a trouvé tout récemment (avril 1977, par correspondance personnelle) l'existance de ce champignon a Formose. FIG. 1. A-C, Cereospora whalianensis Yen et Sun: A et B, Hyphes externes et conidiophores solitaires; C, Conidies. D et E, Cercospora longtpes Butl.: D, Conidiophores agés; E, Conidies. 396 3. Leptosphaeria kuangfuensis Yen et Sun, nov. sp. (ELGzen23) Description du champignon Sur les feuilles du Saecharum officinarum (clone F 173) (Graminées), a Kuangfu, Whalian, Formose, leg. Shou-kung Sun (SiK SS. 11S bese liwelze a0Ot 1977. Périthéces amphiphylles, endogénes, se développant dans les tissus de la feuille, brun noir, isolés, dispersés, glo- buleux-applatis, a paroi assez 6paisse et constituée paris-6 couches de cellules polygonales brunes; mesurant 80-90 um de haut suv 123-155 wm -deslarce (FIG... 25 2). Sten iets noe FIG. 2. Leptosphaeria kuangfuensts Yen et Sun: A, Jeune périthéce; B, Asques et paraphyses; C, Ascospores. eld Asques hyalins, longuement fusiformes, légérement ar- qués, a deux extrémités coniques, nombreux, naissant paral- 1élement 4 la base de la cavité périthéciale, non pédicellés, octospores, a membrane lisse et mince (1.0-1.5 um), 50-58 x Liam. paraphyses tiliformes, ‘samples, hyalines, .cloison- nées, trés nombreuses, mesurant 1.0-1.5 um en diamétre (FIG. PAN NEN eS Ascospores longuement fusiformes, brun pale, a deux ex- trémités coniques, droites ou légérement arquées, divis€ées DeLmom(partols 7) -clovsons: transversales:, (22-25, > S7o-4..0 "im GARG sas). Caractéres taxinomiques Selion Matsumoto (1952), Yen et Chi (1952) et Hughes, Ab- bOtt Ctawasmer (1964), il existerait deux especes de Lepto- sphaerta, L. saechart Breda de Haan et ZL. tatwanensts (Mats. et Yam.) Yen et Chi; parasites des feuilles de Saecharum of- fteinarum. Ces deux espéces possédent des ascospores divi- Seesmpar trois, cloisons, transversales,, tandis. que les, asco- Sponessde Notre recolte ont .6 + (parfois 7). -clozsons transver- sales. Par conséquent, ce champignon est considéré comme nouveau, avec la diagnose suivante: Leptosphaeria kuangfuensis nov. sp. Peritheciis amphiphyllis, endogenis, solitariis, sparsis, atris, glabris, leviter ostiolatis, plano-globosis, pariete membranaceis, fere atrobrunneis, 80-90 um altis, 123-155 ym latis. Ascis hyalinis, levibus, octosporis, fusiformibus, u- trinque conicis, non-stipitatis, 50-58 x 10-12 ym. Paraphysis hyalinis, simplicibus, septatis, tenuis, 1.0-1.5 wm crassis. Ascosporis longo- fusiformibus, pallide brunneis, utrinque conicis, rectis vel lenissime curvatis, semibiseriatis, 6(-7)-septatis, ad septa lenissime constrictis, 22-25 x 3.5-4.5 um. Habitat in foliis vivis Sacchart offtetnart (F 173), Kuanfu, Whali- an, Formosa, ad Shou-kung Sun (S.K.S. 113bts), 12 Aug. 1977. BIBLIOGRAPHIES BUTLER, E.J. — 1906. Fungus diseases of sugarcane in Bengal. Mem. Dept. ACY wineta, -bOtan.. oer..,. b(3)<¢.44- CHUPP, C. — 1953. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, N.Y. HUGHES, C. G., ABBOTT, E. V. ET WISMER, C. A. — 1964. Sugarcane diseases of the-=world., Vor: Ii; MATSUMOTO, T. ET YAMAMOTO, W. — 1934. Three important leaf spot diseases of sugarcane in Taiwan (Formosa). Jour. Soc. trop. agr. 6: 584-598. MATSUMOTO, T. — 1952. Monograph of sugarcane diseases in Taiwan. Taipei. SUN, S. H. — 1955. Studies on the genus Cercospora found in Taiwan. Jou, ACT, vor. Taichung 4. 137-185, VEN Jee MosEt CHI, C.. CC. £—1952. Studies on sheaftsnlignt of sugarcane: 1. Jour. Sugar. Res. Formosa 6: 191-215. TENGGolpMeae LO lL... bt CHl> (C., Ce 19530. aBlack -strape tof sugarcane (4 new species of Cercospora). Jour. Sugar. Res. Formosa 7: 1-15. YEN, J. M. — 1958. Studies on Cercospora diseases of sugarcane. Proc. Cent. et Bicent. Congress Biology, Singapore, p. 299-311. MYCOTAXON — a ee ee Vol. Vie Nowe2, p., 398 July-September 1978 NEOs Pele G8 IMA NOMENCLATURE SECRETARIAT RECONSTITUTED At the Second International Mycological Congress, held in Tampa, Florida, in°197/7, the International Mycological Association's Nomenclature Committee reconstituted its Secretariat, which will function to coordinate the efforts of the IMA Nomenclature Subcommittees until the Third Inter- national Mycological Congress. All questions concerning the IMA Nomenclature Committee and suggestions for additional subjects for study should be addressed to any member of the Nomenclature Secretariat for action by the IMA Committee. The current membership and addresses of the IMA Nomen- clature secretariat. K. T. van Warmelo, Chatrman, Department of Botany, Rand Afrikaans University, P.O. Box 524, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa K. W. Gams, Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Netherlands D. L. Hawksworth, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Ferry Lane, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AF, England P, W. James, British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London SW7 SBD, England Y. Otani, Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Sakura-mura, Niihara-gun, Ibaragi 300-31, Japan R. H. Petersen, Department of Botany, University of Tennes- see, Knoxville, TN 37916, USA Z. Pouzar, Mycological Department, National Museum, Vaclavské nam. 68, 115 79 Praha - 1, Czechoslovakia MYCOTAXON Vole Le eeNOn 24" DD. 099=4.06 July-September 1978 NOMENCLATURAL AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON LASIOBELONIUM, ERIOSCYPHA AND ERIOSCYPHELLA RICHARD P. KORF Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 USA SUMMARY Lastobelontum E11. §& Everh. (1897), of which L. subflavidum is the monotype, is a later synonym of Dasyscyphus (sensu lato). L. subflavidum is a later synonym of D. borealts, which in turn is the holotype species of Belontdiwn subg. Phaeobelonidium. It is not, as has been suggested, a synonym of Perrotia flammea. Lastobelontum (Sacc.) Sacc. & Syd. (1899) is two years younger than Lastobelontum Ell. §& Everh., and hence an illegitimate later homonym. It is doubly illegitimate since when erected at subge- neric rank it included the holotype of the generic name; it is automatically typified by Belonidtum aeruginosum. A later typi- fication by L. amoenum provided Dennis (1962) and Korf (1973, 1977) with a generic concept that now requires a new generic name for at least two of the species. All 8 species referred to Last- obelonium are discussed, and appropriate transfers noted on the basis of type studies. The spelling Lastobelonts is explained. Ertoscypha Kirschstein (1938) is lectotypified here with £. krtegertana, and that species is transferred to Dasyscyphus. It is congeneric with D. borealis, and the generic name is a syno- nym of Belonidium subg. Phaeobelontdtum (= Dasyscyphus). Erioscyphella Kirschstein (1938) is briefly noted as taxonomi- cally artificial but nomenclaturally available. I. LASIOBELONIUM: TWO HOMONYMS It is necessary to distinguish between two homonymous generic names: Lastobelontum Ellis and Everhart (1897) and Lastobelontum (Sacc.) Saccardo and Sydow (1899). Let us first examine the status of Lastobelontum Ell. & Everh. In their paper, Ellis and Everhart (1897) record L. subflavidum Ell. & Everh. as a new species on Saltx wood from the state of Washington. Though they did not indicate that 400 this was a new generic name, Lastobelontum does not appear in that rank so far as is known in any of the literature prior to that date. We are thus forced to consider this a combined description of a monotypic new genus and new spectes (Inter- national Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 42), since there is no indication whatsoever from where the generic name may have come. The description of L. subflavtdum is short by modern standards. Though the Ellis collections are housed at the New York Botanical Garden, Seaver (1951) apparently never ex- amined the material, for he records it in the "Doubtful and Excluded Species" of Lachnella with the comment: "The de- scription of this species suggests Perrotta flammea."" Dennis (1963) reported that: "No apothecia remain on the type col- lection, but Ellis's notes on the packet include the unpub- lished information that the ascospores become 1-3 septate. This and the substrate is consistent with Seaver's suggestion that the fungus was Perrotta flammea."' I have examined the ISOTYPE material of this species, W. N. Suksdorf 489, on deposit at WSP, and find that it bears a- pothecia in a fairly good state of preservation. It is cer- tainly not Perrotta flammea (Alb. & Schw. per Pers. : Fr.) Boud., but instead is Dasyscyphus borealts (Ell. §& Holw.) Sacc.. (non). boreaizs Ke 6 L., Holm, Symbo Bot, Upsalaecuco) 13. 1977, a later homonym), with fusoid, 1- to 3-septate ascospores and asci with a strongly J+ ascus pore. The gene- ric name thus falls into synonymy with Dasyscyphus Nees per Gray in my sense, and with Belontdium Mont. §& Durieu tn Duri- eu subg. Phaeobelontdium Raitviir (1970), which has Pezgtza borealts E11. & Holw. as its holotype. Two years after Ellis and Everhart had published their new species (and implied new genus), Saccardo and Sydow (1899) catalogued Ellis and Everhart's species in the Sylloge Fungorum under the generic name "ZLastobelontum Sacc." At that point they referred back to the earlier Belonidium subg. Lastobetontum Saccardo (1889). They should have written "ZLa- stobelontum (Sacc.) Sacc. § Syd." according to modern nomen- clatural methodology. Presumably Saccardo and Sydow believed that Ellis and E- verhart had not published a new, monotypic genus, but instead had described a species within a Saccardoan subgenus that was to be raised to generic rank. For the record, I, too, be- lieve that Ellis and Everhart were well aware of Saccardo's subgenus and that they assigned their new species to that subgenus at generic rank — but that is only a belief, not a demonstrable fact. A401 Some might wish to argue that Ellis and Everhart's new species is itself not validly published because the generic name Lastobelontum (Sacc.) Sacc. §& Syd. was not validly pub- lished previously (International Code of Botanical Nomencla- ture, Art. 43). This would unquestionably be true had Ellis and Everhart described two or more species of Lastobelontum without a generic diagnosis; since they described only one, Art. 42 on monotypic new genera necessarily applies, and La- stobelontum Ell. & Everh. has that species as its monotype. Even if we could convince ourselves that Lastobelontum Ell. §& Everh. is invalid, we still could not adopt Lastobelo- ntum (Sacc.) Sacc. §& Syd. as Dennis (1962) and Korf (1973, 1977) have done, since Saccardo (1889) made a serious initial nomenclatural error. Belonitdtum Mont. §& Durieu tn Durieu (1848) was originally monotypic, based on B. aerugtnosum Mont. & Durieu 7m Durieu. Saccardo (1884) had erected the subgenus Belontdtum subg. Arachnopeztza (Fuckel) Sacc. When Saccardo (1889) erected three new subgenera of Belontdtumn, subg. Eu-Belontdtum [Sacc.], subg. Lastobelontum Sacc., and subg. Podobelontum Sacc., he made the fatal error of inclu- ding the generic holotype species, B. aerugtnosum, in subg. Lastobetontum. The correct name for the subgenus of Belontdtum contain- ing the type species is Belontdium subg. Belontdtum (ICBN, Art. 22), as correctly adopted by Raitviir (1970). The sub- generic epithet Lastobelonitum is not only superfluous, but automatically typtfted by B. aeruginosum (ICBN, Arts. 7 and 63). The generic name Lastobelontum (Sacc.) Sacc. §& Syd. is typified by the type of its basionym, and is thus nomenclatu- rally tied to B. aerugtnosum. It is necessarily as illegiti- mate as its basionym, and cannot be typified by another spe- cies, L. amoenum (Speg.) Sacc. ex Clem. & Shear as was at- tempted by Clements and Shear (1931) and accepted by Dennis (1962). Only eight species have been formally treated under the generic name(s) Lastobeloniwn. I have examined type or au- thentic material of seven of these, with the following taxo- nomic conclusions: 1. LASIOBELONIUM AQUILINELLUM von HGhnel (1907): The HOLOTYPE material on deposit at FH shows this to be a member of a new genus typified by Peztza mintopsts Ellis (vtde tn- fra, no. 6). It is illustrated and described in my monograph of the Polydesmieae (Korf, 1978). 2. LASIOBELONIUM AMOENUM (Speg.) Sacc. ex Clements and Shear (1931) (ut 'Lasiobelonis'): The HOLOTYPE material at 402 LP was examined by me in 1950, at which time I concluded that though badly preserved, the specimen might represent Dasyscy- phus apalus (Berk. & Br.) Dennis, a species known from north temperate areas on Juncaceae, with fusiform paraphyses and finely granulate hairs. Dennis (1962) concluded otherwise: ‘The. type material, of this in Spegazzint'seherbDariiin power poor condition but appears to me to have smooth hairs and fi- liform paraphyses ....' The typé specimen is now in such fragmentary condition that it cannot again be loaned (Irma Gamundi de Amos, pers. comm.), and all I can judge on now is the description and a single slide preserved at Kew, made either by Dr. Dennis or by me, of one apothecium in which little can be discerned. I find no granularly roughened hairs, but I do see fusoid structures which I may have earli- er concluded were paraphyses. Since I find septa frequently in these, I tend to believe thay are fusoid, smooth hairs. No mature asci are evident, and no ascospores appear to be cut out. I am, therefore, quite unable to conclude whether Dennis (1962) was correct in suggesting that Spegazzini's species is congeneric with L. aqutlinellum and L. mintopsts. Dr. Gamundi de Amos is currently studying the Discomycete flora of Tierra del Fuego, from where this was described on Rostkovta grandiflora (Juncaceae). Additional collections should allow an accurate determination of the generic place- ment of Spegazzini's species. It should be noted that when Clements and Shear (1931) attributed the combination to Saccardo, they also gratuitously respelled Lastobelontum as Lastobeltonts, in keeping with their stated procedure: ''Names of more than six syllables have been shortened in such a manner as to preserve their identity." 3. LASIOBELONIUM DUMONTII Korf (1977): The HOLOTYPE ma- terial at NY has been restudiéd and proves to be a species of Polydesmia. I have transferred it to that genus and illus- trated it again in the Polydesmieae monograph (Korf, 1978). 4, LASIOBELONIUM GLOBULARE von Hdhnel (1909): The HOLO- TYPE specimen (FH: Héhnel A.5335) matches perfectly von Héh- nel's description. This is a species closely allied to, but apparently distinct from, Dasyscyphus rhaphidophorus (Berk. §& Curt.) Dennis (1954). It has similarly fusoid but broader and septate ascospores. In the one apothecium I sectioned, I measure the ascospores 31-38 x 4.0-4.4 um, eventually 3-sep- tate, while von HoOhnel, who apparently saw more mature spores, records them as 40-50 x 5.0-5.5 um, and 5- to 8-sep- tate. It is to be transferred as Dasyscyphus globularis (Hohn.) Korf, comb. nov..(basionym: Lastobelontum globulare Hohn. , Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. RT FADE. aU sees. Louse 403 5. LASIOBELONIUM LACHNOIDES Rehm (1905): There is, sur- prisingly, no material under this name in the Rehm herbarium at S. The species was described from Kmet's Hungarian collec- tions. I was sent an AUTHENTIC specimen from the Sydow her- barium at Stockholm, labelled "ZLastobelontum lachnellotdes Rehm, n. sp.,'' collected by Kmet in Hungary on one of the ci- ted hosts, collected some years prior to Rehm's publication, and presumably an ISOSYNTYPE. It fits Rehm's diagnosis per- fectly. The difference in spelling of the epithets is presu- mably an error, more likely in publication than on the packet Tabely tor Rehm (1905) wrote: “Lachnellae extus Similias ¢.72"' The specimen is a collection of Dasyscyphus borealts (Ell. & Holw.) Sacc. in excellent condition, and Rehm's species falls into synonymy with it. Rehm correctly noted his species as "proxima Lasiobelonio subflavido Ellis et Ev.," for I identi- tvyebotn as D2 boreaiis ((vide infra, nos <7). 6. LASIOBELONIUM MINIOPSIS (Ellis) Dennis (1962): This species was treated in Dasyscyphella by Kanouse (1938) and by Korf (1952) before Dennis transferred it to Lastobelontium. The HOLOTYPE specimen is on deposit in NY. This species now constitutes the type of a new genus, in which L. aqutlinellum (vide supra, no. 1) is a second species, and is treated in detail and illustrated in my monograph of the Polydesmieae Choe e976 )e 7. LASIOBELONIUM SUBFLAVIDUM Ell. & Everh. (1897): I have discussed the HOLOTYPE and ISOTYPE specimens above in my comments on the taxonomic position of the genus, and my assignment of the species to synonymy under Dasyscyphus bore- gre. 8. LASIOBELONIUM TORRENTIUM Ade §& Rehm in Ade (1923): I have been unable to locate Ade's herbarium, and no specimen of this is in Rehm's herbarium at S (where the herbarium had already been received in 1919). The description suggests a lanceolate paraphysis-bearing species of Dasyscyphus. II. ON ERIOSCYPHA Kirschstein (1938) proposed the generic name Ertoscypha for a new species, FE. krtegertana Kirschst., and four addi- tional species presumably known to him only from the litera- ture. It was proposed as a one-character genus, differing from Dasyscyphella Tranzsch. (t.e., filiform-paraphysis spe- cies of Erinella sensu Saccardo) in having colored asco- spores. A holotype species was not designated. A reinvestigation of the HOLOTYPE specimen of EF. krigeri- 404 ana, on deposit in B, shows this species, on cone-scales: of Picea, to be a short-stipitate species of Dasysecyphus, anato- mically closely related to thosé species Raitviir (1970) has ranged in Belontdtum subg. Phaeobelontdtum. It is most unfortunately only poorly preserved, but the description by Kirschstein appears ito be correct in: most =particulars..910 his observations I can add that the apothecia are xanthochro- ic, the hairs are smooth below and granularly roughened a- bove the first septum, brown and paler towards the tips, and the jasci are J+, ‘Il hereby designate thisespecies asetiiemuse— TOTYPE of Kirschstein's generic name, since clearly it isthe Species Kirschstein had most in mind when erecting the genus, and since‘it agrees well with the generic diagnosis. It should, however, be transferred as Dasyscyphus kriegeri- anus (Kirschst.) Korf, comb. nov. (basionym: Ertoseypha krie- gertana Kirschst.; Ann. imycol. 3629383.91933)- Of the other four species placed in Ertoscypha by Kirsch- stein: E. mintopsts (Ellis) Kirschst. has hyaline, coiled to crisped hairs, was treated in Lastobelontum by Dennis (1962) and by Korf (1973, 1977), and is the type species of a new genus (Korf, 1978) discussed above in Part I of this paper; E. calospora (Pat. & Gaill.) Kirschst. and £. subcorticalts (Pat.) Kirschst. are both hyaline-haired species of Dasyscy- phus (Dennis, 1954); and £. cognata (Pat.) Kirschst. is a synonym of D. rhaphtdophorus with hyaline hairs becoming buff in age (Dennis, 1954). The colored-spore character seems to have little signifi- cance in this group of fungi. Though the spores of EF. krte- gertana were described as "initio flavis, postremo brunneis," I find them at most pale yellow, and that perhaps the result of tannins in the cone scales. Saccardo used the terms "lu- tescentibus,"™ ‘'viridulus," “chiorinis," and “hyalinis cnio- rinus'' for the spores of the other four species included by Kirschstein. There is no evidence that Kirschstein ever ex- amined material of any of the four. I have never noted col- ored ascospores in "EZ." mtntopsts, and Dennis (1954, 1970) makes no mention of colored spores in his descriptions of the other three’ species. TIE. ON ERIOSCYPHELLA The artificiality of Kirschstein's one-character generic concepts is further attested to by his genus Ertoscyphella Kirschstein (1938). This generic split was proposed for col- ored-spored species of Frinella sensu stricto, t.e., differ- ing from Ertoseypha in having lanceolate rather than filiform 405 paraphyses. It is again clear that he saw no material, for he acknowledged taking his diagnoses for the two included species from Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum. Neither Ertoscy- phella longtspora (Karst.) Kirschst. nor EF. bambustna (Bres.) Kirschst. was designated the type of the generic name. Both were treated as brown-haired species of Dasyscyphus by Den- nis (1954), who made no mention of color in the ascospores. I do not choose to designate a lectotype species here, since depending upon which species is chosen the generic name may have some potential use for those determined to split Dasy- seyphus into smaller and more manageable genera. Kirsch- stein's final comment, on the lack of complete information in the Sylloge Fungorum, deserves repetition, for it underlines his unfortunate philosophy of classification: "Da die Angabe der Paraphysen fehlt, so ist es zweifelhaft, ob Ertnella rhabdocarpa Ellis dieser [Erioscyphella] oder der vorbe- sprochenen Gattung [EZrtoscypha] angehdrt."' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. John M. Haines, New York State Museum, has consulted with me at various times concerning the application of these and other generic names, and has graciously read and commen- ted upon the manuscript. The curators and directors of the herbaria that have sent type and authentic materials on loan havembeen mostcooperative (B;..FH,; K,; LP, NY, S.-WSP). The technical assistance of Miss Susan C. Gruff and of Mr. Robert Dirig is gratefully recorded. Part of the work has been sup- ported by National Science Foundation grant DEB75-23557. LDiTERALURE CLT ED ADE, A. 1923. Mykologische Beitrage. Hedwigia 64: 286-320. CLEMENTS; F°E.°G C.L. SHEAR.) 1931" fhe Genera of Fungt. AI0=D es; 2S Pils, (H.W. Wilson ’Co., New! York: DENNIS, R.W.G. 1954. Some inoperculate discomycetes of tro- pical America. Kew Bull. 1954: 289-348. 1962. A reassessment of Belontdtum Mont. § Dur. Persoonia 2(1):° 171-191. . 1963. A redisposition of some fungi ascribed to the Hyaloscyphaceae. Kew Bull. 17: 319-379. 1970. Fungus flora of Venezuela and adjacent coun- Cries. Kew Bude. Add} Ser, 52° L-xxv, 1-531), 1Sepll. a9 figs. 406 DURIEU, M.C. 1848. Exploratton sctenttfique de l'Algérie LS) 281-3005 pie 285-38," 41, 545759583 sa Publicauror data from Stafleu, F.A. & R.C. Cowan, Taxonomic literature, ed. 2, 1: 711-712. 1976.] Imprimerie royale, Paris. ELLIS, J.B. & B.M. EVERHART. 1897. New species of fungi from various localities. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 125- D375 HOHNEL, F. VON. 1907. Eumycetes et Myxomycetes. Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 83: 1-45, 1 pl. . 1909. Fragmente zur Mykologie. (VI. Mitteilung, Nr. 182 bis 288). Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.- Naturwiss. KisjvAbt. 115) 118:9275-452, Ee lapr. KANOUSE, B.B. 1938. Notes on new or unusual Michigan disco- mycetes. V. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 23: 149-154. '1937.' KIRSCHSTEIN, W. 1938. Uber neue, seltene und kritische As- comyceten und Fungi imperfecti. Ann. Mycol. 36: 367-400. KORF, R.P. 1952. A monograph of the Arachnopezizeae. Lloydia 14: 129-180. '1951.' 1973. Discomycetes and Tuberales. Jn Ainsworth, G. C., F.K. Sparrow §& A.S. Sussman [eds.], The Fungt: An Ad- vaneed Treattse 4A: 249-319. Academic Press, New York §& London. 1977. A new species of Lastobelonium (Helotiales, Hyaloscyphaceae, Arachnopezizeae) from the Neotropics. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 17: 206-208. '1976.' 1978. Revisionary studies in the Arachnopezizoideae: a monograph of the Polydesmieae. Mycotaxon 8: (in prepa- ration). RAITVIIR, A. 1970. Synopsis of the Hyaloscyphaceae. Scrip- taiMycoll i riers. REHM, H. 1905. Contributiones mycologicae ad floram Hunga- riae. N6vényt. Kdzlem. 4: 1-6. SACCARDO, P.A. 1884. Conspectus generum discomycetum hucus- que cognitorum. Bot. Centralbl. 18: 213-220, 247-256. 1889. Sylloge Discomycetum et Phymatosphaeriacearum. Sylloge Fungorum 8: 1-859, 1089-1143. Saccardo, Patavii. § P. SYDOW. 1899. Supplementum universale pars IV. Sylloge Fungorum 14: [i-v], 63-1316. Saccardo, Patavii. SEAVER, F.J. 1951. Worth American Cup-Fungt (Inopercu- lates). ix + 428 p:, pl. 75-150." Seaver, New*York. MYCOTAXON Vous VII, No.2; pp Vn» brid phy lia) were: ob tarnedmand examined. As stated by Grove -(1935) this differs in whe veharacter- of the spot being rather wale and oLemno pycnidia or sponulation, but insteadisepiphy!ious 421 copkya Lesions. This 1s a,/quite.dititerent symptom and there appears to be no evidence that these betrong tosei.ther, Se... exotica Or Sc... ackinsonia. Thus they should be deleted from the New Zealand records (Dingley 1969) of Se. exotica until further studies can establish the cause of these symptoms. The one final) specimen’ (HH. saticiufolia Leoszyebeare perithecia. oOfvuncextaim 1dentity 7 12 too must be deleted from the New Zealand records Htmeoewexotlca., No, specimens).on Hi, ;eliliptica ox H. obtusata were seen although recorded (Dingley, 1969) as hosts of Se. exotica in New Zealand. The LEV specimens are as follows: Se. exotica, Bemendersonii7 (7 Saliverrolia x speciosa) 470; He fPranciscana’ “blue wem' (? elliptica x speciosa) mZOOa: HH. sp. 466, S687. SO saturn s Ones h.. Sere cela, Ll962; 2743. Those on H. andersonii and H. franciscana are new records for New Zealand. From the few specimens available it appears that Se. exotica may be restricted to H. speciosa and PesmaypLuas ,, Whilst.Sc. -atkinsonii. is restricted POM esr Clam and Str cta V. “atkinson2 i). Such specialization would also mean that Se. veronicae is unlikely to be the same species as Se. exotica. The question of whether or not Scoleciasis is the appropriate genus. SHEL 50.- Cette publication est un ensemble cohérent de trois articles: Rhtnocladtella and allied genera, Aureobastdium and allied genera, et Survey of black yeasts and allied genera. Dans le premier article, de Hoog analyse ses observations de 37 espéces et 5 variétés appartenant finalement a 9 genres distincts, suivant les méthodes traditionnelles de taxonomie, et les méthodes mo- dernes de taximétrie et de spectrographie de masse aprés pyrolyse. Il développe ainsi une méthodique nouvelle pour l'appréciation de 1'im- portance des caractéres. Il décrit 2 genres et 7 espéces nouvelles. E. J. Hermanides-Nijhof décrit 14 espéces d'Aureobastdtum (syn. Pullu- larta et Kabattella) et 4 espéces d'Hormonema, ainsi que Saretnomyces crustaceus Lindner. Dans une revision des "levures noires', les auteurs examinent le statut de 46 genres et 242 espéces. Cet ouvrage s'avérera d'une grande importance dans la taxonomie de ce groupe si confus de champignons levuriformes. IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD-INHABITING APHYLLOPHORALES IN PURE CULTURE, par “Ji A. VSTALPERS, Studies an Mycology n~ 16,) 2489p. 761 196.502 pls., in 8°, 1978. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Nederland. 'Prix HEL 500. L'étude de 96 caractéres sur 1500 cultures de 550 espéces de basi- diomycétes lignicoles de l'ordre des Aphyllophorales a permis a 1'auteur de construire une clé dichotomique d'identification. Celle-ci est congue Ae sur le modéle de celle de Nobles (1965), mais la dépasse par le nombre de caractéres et le nombre des espéces. La clé est 4a la fois descriptive et diagnostique; elle est rapidement divisée en 7 clés secondaires et occupe la plus grande partie de l'ouvrage (190 pages). Chaque espéce, a laquelle aboutit la clé, est accompagnée d'un code qui reprend les in- dices des caractéres de l'espéce et qui, groupé a d'autres, aurait pu constituer une clé ‘synoptique. L'ouvrage veut 6tre un outil pour 1'iden- tification des cultures d'Aphyllophorales, et est excellent quant au fond. Cependant quelques améliorations de détails eut rendu 1l'outil plus maniable: l'indication de la lettre de référence de chacune des sept clés dans la numérotation de leur dichotomie respective, l'addition d'un index taxonomique des espéces, le soulignement de la référence principale de l'espéce dans l'index alphabétique et enfir la coastruction d'une clé synoptique qui eut été plus bréve. Mais l'utilisateur peut aisément apporter ces améliorations a cet outil dont la valeur est d'ailleurs indéniable. BIOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE, par Charles JEFFREY, 2e édition, 72 p., Sotabl., 1-8, 1977. Publication. of the Systematics Association, Edward Arnold Ltd, 15 Hill Street, Londom W1X 811. Prix £ 1.95 (souple) 4,75 (cartonné). Ce petit guide a pour but d'introduire le biologiste, qu'il soit mycologue, bactériologue, botaniste ou zoologiste, a la pratique de la dénomination des étres vivants en accord avec les divers codes de nomen- clature. Basé sur des définitions claires, ce guide fait bien la diffé- rence entre taxonomie et nomenclature. Dans la description de la démarche nomenclaturale, il distingue clairement les cing "filtrages" successifs, assurés par les régles de nomenclature, des noms donnés 4 un méme orga- nisme pour aboutir au seul nom correct: la publication, la formulation, la typification, la légitimité et la priorité. Les divers codes de no- menclature n'étant pas identiques, leurs différences sont mises en évidence. D'un prix trés abordable, ce livre est a recommander 4a tout étudiant en biologie. THESBIOLOGY OF ~SYMBIOTIC FUNGI, par Roderic COOKE, 282 p., 75 figs. ino ,. cartonné, 19/7. John Wiley &.Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chachester Sussex, UK. Prix /£ 10.95, <5. 21,00, ~ Le concept de symbiose, habituellement réservé 4 une association a profit mutuel entre organismes vivants, est ici étendu a ces relations vitales ot aucun partenaire ne tire de bénéfice apparent de l'association et méme a ces relations ot un des organismes tire tout son bénéfice aux dépends de l'autre. De nombreux exemples sont analysés pour illustrer chacun de ces types de symbiose: symbiose mutuelle, symbiose neutre et symbiose antagoniste, exemples dans lesquels le partenaire du champignon peut &tre soit un animal, soit une plante supérieure, soit une algue, soit encore un champignon. En chaque cas, les facteurs écologiques, les phé- noménes physiologiques, les pertes et profits pour chaque partenaire sont analysés et abondamment documentés. TERMITES ET CHAMPIGNONS, LES CHAMPIGNONS TERMITOPHILES D'AFRIQUE NOIRE ET D'ASIE MERIDIONALE, par Roger HEIM, 208 p., 56 figs, JapleascOl.+fors texte, in+8 5 .cartonné,.19/7. Boubée pd. 211, Placessaint. Michel, #5006. Paris. Prix EF 160. -. Dans ce magnifique volume illustré, le Professeur Heim nous présente ses trente années d'observations sur les champignons termitophiles qui 438 l'ont'mené d'Afrique noire et de Madagascar 4 1'Asie méridionale (Inde, Orissa et Bihar). L'ouvrage est plus qu'un regroupement des multiples travaux de l'auteur publiés antérieurement. L'auteur y apporte des idées nouvelles, revoit la position de certaines espéces et de certaines formes et ajoute deux espéces nouvelles, Termttomyces sptntformts et T. lanatus. Les Termttomyces ont sans doute des affinités avec des genres non-termi- tophiles ni cavernicoles, mais ils ont surtout des caractéres qui en font un genre bien défini, la mycotéte, la meule, les pseudorhizes et le perforatorium. Des 14 espéces qui font la section des Eu-Termttomyces, l'auteur sépare 3 espéces et leurs formes dans une section des Prae- Termttomyces, T. mtcrocarpus, T. medtus et T. perforans, qui représente- raient divers stades d'une différenciation lamarckienne des champignons termitophiles. Aux nids des termites, sont encore associés des Ascomy- cétes sur les meules, une Phallale nouvelle dans les chambres, des Agari- cales, des Bolétales, des Gastérales et des Aphyllophorales sur les revé- tements extérieurs, desquelles cinq espéces sont nouvelles. L'ouvrage n'est pas que descriptif. Il refléte trés bien le souci du Professeur Heim de comprendre l'intrigant mystére que recéle la morphologie et la biologie de ces Termttomyces. THE NEMATODE-DESTROYING FUNGI, par G. L. BARRON, Topics in Myco- biology n° 1, 140° p., 57° figs, in 8”, 19773) Canadian Biologica: Publications Ltd, Box 214, Guelph, Ont. N1H 6J9 Canada. Prix US $ 12.50 frais compris. Abondamment illustré de plus de 70 microphotographies et de nom- breux dessins, ce livre, congu comme une introduction a la biologie des champignons prédateurs et parasites des nématodes est en fait le premier livre traitant ce sujet comme tel et est trés réussi. Des champignons prédateurs, l'auteur décrit la structure et le fonctionnement des organes de capture, réseaux, boutons, anneaux et autres. D'autre part il explore les mécanismes d'infection des nématodes par les champignons parasites, par adhésion, ingestion ou injection. Enfin il analyse les moyens de dissémination et la production de substances attractives et de poisons nématocides qui font de ces champignons un ennemi redoutable des nématodes. i LICHENOLOGY IN THE BRITISH ISLES, 1568-1975, AN HISTORICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, par D. L. HAWKSWORTH et M. R. D. SEAWARD, 231 pe; 220t1es:; 17> fies; hors texte, a098 ,\caneconne. toa. The Richmond Publ. Co., Orchard Road, Richmond, Surrey, England TWO-4PD, Praxee 23.10: Quatre siécles d'histoire de la lichénologie britannique sont ici condensés, grace a l'habileté et la science des auteurs, en un texte de 40 pages détaillé et précis. Mais le but du livre est de présenter une bibliographie compléte sur les lichens décrits et recensés en Grande- Bretagne. Il fallut dix ans de travail et de persévérance aux auteurs pour retrouver et dépouiller les 2695 ouvrages qu'ils ont recensés. De plus, les références aux flores localesont été compilées comté par comté. A cette bibliographie, les auteurs ont ajouté une liste des 65 herbiers i conservant des lichens de Grande-Bretagne, une liste des récolteurs et une illustration des étiquettes représentatives des divers exsiccatae. Cet ouvrage, sans aucun doute, répondra aux voeux des lichénologues. ANNOTATED INDEX TO FUNGI DESCRIBED BY N. PATOUILLARD, par Donald. H. PFISTER. Contribution of Reed Herbarium n° 25, 211 p., in 8°, 1977. Ed. C.F. Reed, 10105 Harford Road, Baltimore MD 21236, USA. im Prix $ 5.00. 439 Afin d'aménager l'accés aux 50.000 spécimens de l'herbier de Narcisse Théophile Patouillard, acquis en 1927 par le Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, de l'Université Harvard, le Dr Pfister s'est imposé la courageuse tache d'établir la liste des 111 genres et des 1900 espéces publiées par Patouillard, avec référence au protologue original, mention de l'habitat et de la localité type, avec référence aux spécimens d'herbier et référence a Saccardo avec mention éventuelle de changements nomenclaturaux par ce dernier. L'auteur fort heureusement rappelle dans son introduction que cette oeuvre immense du mycologue frangais prend toute sa valeur si l'on sait que Patouillard fut un des promoteurs de l'examen des structures anatomiques en vue de la distinction des espéces. CHECK LISTE OVER DANMARKS HATSVAMPE, par Henning KNUDSEN, 63 p., in 12°, 1977. Publ. Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Kdébenhavn V, Danemark. Prix DKr 15.-. Liste de toutes les Agaricales récoltées, publiées ou inédites, jusqu'a ce jour au Danemark. Quatorze sources ont été dépouillées, y compris le Supplément inédit 4 la Flora Agaricina Danica de J. E. Lange et les 2000 aquarelles inédites de F. H. Méller. L'herbier du Museum de Botanique de Copenhague a également été recensé. DE FUNGI VAN NEDERLAND. DE CLAVARIOIDE FUNGI. AURISCALPIACEAE, CLAVARTACEAE, CLAVULINACEAE, GOMPHACEAE, par R. A. MAAS GEESTERANUS Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen K. N. N. V.. n° 113, 92 p., 62 figs., in 8°, 1977. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, G. Houtman, Draafsingel 36, Hoorn, Nederland; Nederlandse Mykolo- gische Vereniging, C. Bas, Joh. Wagenaarlaan 12, Leiden, Nederland. Parmi les Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen publiées par la Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, six fascicules ont été consacrés jusqu'a ce jour aux champignons: n° 34 De geslachten van Agaricales: Plaatzwammen en Boleten (G.L. van Eyndhoven) n° 52 Geoglossaceae - Aardtongen (R.A. Maas Geesteranus) n° 69 et 80 Pezizales I, II (R.A. Maas Geesteranus) n° 88 Hypogaea (G.A. de Vries) et le présent fascicule. Dans celui-ci, Maas Geesteranus décrit 65 espéces des Pays Bas, appartenant a 10 genres de champignons clavarioides, pour lesquelles il donne des clés et com- mentaires suceptibles d'en aider l'identification. THE NORTH AMERICAN CUP-FUNGI. OPERCULATES (1928-1942). INOPERCULATES (19051) par: Fred?Js. SEAVER, 27vol.378. pa, 23afies,, 74oplse..et 428 p., 150 pls. Réimpression J. Cramer 1978, cartonné toilé. J. Cramer, Lehre, Germany, Lubrecht & Cramer, Monticello, NY. Prix DM 80.- par volume. Il est heureux que le beau livre de Seaver ait été 4a nouveau l'objet d'une réimpression. Sans aucun doute il sera encore apprécié par une nouvelle génération de mycologues, pour la qualité des observations et des illustrations qu'il contient. Mais il faudra que ceux-1la sachent que ce livre doit 6tre lu a la lumiére de la taxonomie moderne des dicomycétes, comme celle définie par Korf dans le Fungi IVA de Ainsworth et Sussman, ou les caractéres anatomiques ont aujourd'hui une valeur diagnostique ignorée alors. Bien que les planches photographiques aient perdu un peu de leur finesse 4a la reproduction, le livre est parfaitement réimprimé, sur bon papier et sous une solide reliure. 440 THE SPECIES CONCEPT IN HYMENOMYCETES, par H. CLEMENCON, éditeur, Bibliotheca Mycologica n° 61, 444 p., ill. col., in 8°, cartonné, 1977. J. Cramer, FL 9490 Vaduz, Lichtenstein. | Prix DM 120). -jepar souscriptionDM 96.-. Il s'agit ici des actes du Symposium Herbette tenu a 1'Université de Lausanne, du 16 au 20 aodt 1976. Qu'est-ce que 1'"espéce" chez les champignons? est bien une ques- tion que tout mycologue se pose et &a laquelle bien peu peuvent répondre sans quelque réflexion. Ce fut bien le but de ce symposium, de tenter d'expliciter une notion d'espéce chez les Hyménomycétes qui rallie 1' accord des 17 participants, Bas, Bigelow, Blaich, Boidin, Bresinsky, Clémengon, Esser, Horak, Kemp, Ktihner, Oberwinkler, Peterson, Romagnesi, Singer, Smith, Thiers et Watling. A travers des exposés sur les Bolbitia- ceae, les Boletaceae, les Agaricales, les Aphyllophorales, les Auricula- riales, Aa travers les exemples des genres Amanita, Clttocybe, Lactartus, Hygrophorus, Pleurotus ou Coprinus et a travers les discussions, s'est bientét dégagée, non une définition de l'espéce, mais plut6t une image multidimentionelle, génétique, biologique, morphologique, du concept d'espéce chez les Hyménomycétes. C'est dire toute la profondeur et l1' amplitude de la question posée. FUNGORUM RARIORUM ICONES COLORATAE. Pars VIII, par G. BOHUS et M. BABOS,' 20 ps5 8 pls.ceols, (1457-64)...8\ figs... ine8 > abo swemmiene panes FL 9490 Vaduz, Lichtenstein. Prix DM 30.-. Huitiéme partie d'un ouvrage qui lentement s'élabore. Commencé en 1966 par Reid, continué ensuite par Schild, puis Moser, l'ouvrage comporte aujourd'hui 252 pages et 64 planches d'aquarelles en couleurs. Cette huitiéme partie, elle, illustre 7 espéces, Agartcus cupreo-brunneus, A. eglit, A. elvensts, Coprtnus sptlosporus, Inocybe aerugtnascens, Leuco- paxtllus leptstotdes et Tulostoma gtovanellae. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN THE MUCORINAE, par A. F. Blakeslee, 328p., 58 figs. in The Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, 40 (4), 1904, réimprimé dans Bibliotheca Mycologica n° 48, in 12°, 1976. J. Cramer, FL 9490 Vaduz, Lichtenstein. Prix DM 40.-. L'intérét de la Bibliotheca Mycologica de J. Cramer est d'offrir au mycologuela réimpression de travaux mycologiques devenus rares. Le travail de Blakeslee sur la reproduction sexuelle des mucorinées est certainement de premiére importance en ce domaine. En effet, Blakeslee, non seulement mettait en évidence a lui seul la reproduction sexuelle chez autant d'espéces que toutes celles découvertes par ses prédécesseurs, mais il put grace a l'usage de la culture pure en démontrer 1'hétéro- thallie ou l'homothallie et découvrir le phénoméne d'une ébauche d'hybridation entre les souches d'espéces différentes mais de signes opposés, signes (+) ou (-) qu'il put ainsi déterminer pour chacune des souches pures. INDUKTION DER PRIMORDIENBILDUNG BEI DEM BASIDIOMYCETEN PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS, par Ursula von NETZER, Bibliotheca Mycologica n° 62, 95 p., 8 figs. in 8°, 1978. J. Cramer, .FL)\ 9490 Vaduz. Prise DM elon L'induction d'abondantes ébauches de fructifications chez un dica- ryon de Pleurotus ostreatus est obtenue en culture sur malt agar grace a l'addition a la culture, a un moment donné du développement, d'une solu- tion azotée (asparagine, glutamine) sous un éclairement de 500 a 1500 lux. La production de primorcia atteint 4000 unités par boite de Pétri. COPEDITORS OF MYCOTAXON G.' L.. HENNEBERT RICHARD P. KORF FRENCH | LANGUAGE) EDITOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDITOR & BOOK: REVIEW EDITOR & MANAGING EDITOR UCL, ‘Place Croix: du Sud 3 P.O. Box 264 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,, Belgium Ithaca, NY 14850, USA MY CGOPAXON is a quarterly journal devoted to all phases of mycological and lichenological taxonomy and nomencla- ture. It seeks to publish all papers within 4 months of accept- ance, using photo-offset lithography. All articles are reviewed by specialists prior to acceptance. Publication is open to all persons, and papers may be in French or in English. 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Y. 14850 y Oni PEW Bey /'MYCOTAXON AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DESIGNED TO EXPEDITE PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH ON TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI & LICHENS eC Volume VII October-December 1978 No. 3 Oa CONTENTS Validation of the Harpellales and Asellariales. ROBERT W. LICHTWARDT AND (J.-F. MANIER 441 The distribution of Wats tnornata,, a facultative marine Ascomycete..... C. L. SHEARER AND) J¢°L. CRANE 443 Validity of Muelleromyces variisporus (Died.) Ullasa and Kamatella longipedtcellata (T. S. §& K. Ramakr.) Uttasayi.\). V. S. SESHADARI AND CHARLES GARDNER SHAW 453 Revisionary studies in the Arachnopezizoideae: a monograph of the Polydesmieae.,..... RICHARD))P. ‘KORF) 457 Nomenclatural notes. XI. Acceptable generic typifi- cations by Clements § Shear and non-typifications APSE fed att al o Beat me RO A UL AC PLS ALE RICHARD P.. KORF 493 Foliicolous Ascomycetes 2: Capnodium saltcinum Mom A OMe CNS Gis kG k neure irae His DON. R. ‘REYNOLDS, 501 Records of parasitic fungi of the ''Thaxteriolae" group on subcortical mites. TOMASZ MAJEWSKI.AND JERZY WISNIEWSKI. 508 Notes on the genus Panellus. HAROLD H., BURDSALL, JR. AND ORSON K. MIRLER nur, oe a Three new species of Psilocybe from the Pacific~- Northwest in North America. GASTON GUZMAN AND ALEXANDER H. SMITH 515 A new species of Psilocybe (belonging to the P. erobula-group) from Argentina. G. GUZMAN AND E. HORAK 521 Re er es DTS 2 play h fol GVEA otal Ce iste G. L.. HENNEBERT 523 Pee WO cia anne es htyce uN Mahe aM ELD org TaiMedy ou apien a Wane ur nUtney cud bon, 526 Oy ENON ATS TRE Sg Seid SY RESOURCES UT AAG Ay Mi Lal CNM LARP EN) 526 AUtHOY: “INDEX 300: Nae Ra ray Meme barn LOM Nan tauis Ie EUG LW ee TVET ADEE Ua fi Ba S27 Pe LO PUN CONS And ECON en PENA ods eee a bua bhshe ike Vein 530 MYCOTAXON publication dates, 6(3) through 7(2)......... vt [MYCOTAXON for July-September 1978 (7: 185-440) was issued July 13, 1978] Brrr Se NES ONC La ISSN 0093-4666 MYXNAE 7 (3) 441-538. (1978) Library of Congress Catalogue ‘Card Number 74~7903 Published quarterly by MYCOTAXON, Ltd., P.O. Box 264, Ithaca NY 14850 For subscription details and availability in microform, see back cover MYCOTAXON Vol. VII, No. 3, pp. 441-442 October-December 1978 ONT SS al i A IS a SE SSE Ss ae le eae eS VALIDATION OF THE HARPELLALES AND ASELLARTALES ROBERT W. LICHTWARDT Department of Botany University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, U.S.A. and J.-F. MANIER Laboratoire de Zoologie Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc 34060 Montpellier, France The Harpellales and Asellariales, two of four orders currently classified in the Trichomycetes, have been widely referred to in the literature, but apparently have never been validly published. The name Harpellales is based on the Harpellaceae, a family proposed by Léger and Duboscq in 1929 at the time they described Harpella melusinae. The ordinal name was first used by Duboscq, Léger and Tuzet in their 1948 monograph to include the Harpellaceae and Pala- vasciaceae. The latter family is now considered to belong to the Eccrinales (Manier and Lichtwardt, 1968). The inclusion of the Genistellaceae in the Harpellales was proposed by Manier in 1962, and it is with this concept that we offer a Latin diagnosis for the purpose of valida- ting the order. However, Pouzar (1972) correctly pointed out that Genistella Léger & Gauthier, the type genus of the Genistellaceae, is a later homonym of Genistella Ortega, a genus of the Papilionaceae described in 1773, and proposed the names Legeriomyces and Legeriomycetaceae for the fungal taxa. Thus, the Harpellales is presently constituted of two families, the Harpellaceae and Legeriomycetaceae. We are indebted to Dr. Donald P. Rogers for the translation to Latin. 442 HARPELLALES Lichtwardt & Manier, ord. nov. Thalli simplices vel ramosi, sporas exogenas, vulgo appendiculatas, scilicet trichosporas, e cellularum genitalium serie gignentes. JZygosporae biconicae. We also recognize the order Asellariales established by Manier in 1950 which contains the single family Asella- riaceae. The family name was validated by Manier and Lichtwardt in 1968 by providing a Latin diagnosis, but the ordinal name has not been validated. Therefore, we now formally erect this order. ASELLARIALES Manier & Lichtwardt, ord. nov. Latin diagnosis same as the effectively published diagnosis of the Asellariaceae in Manier and Lichtwardt, LOGS.) Dio 26. LITERATURE CITED Duboseq, O-, L. Léger, and 0. Tuzet. 1948.. Contributions la connaisance des Eccrinides: les Trichomycétes. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 86: 29-144. Léger, L.,: and 0. Duboscq. 1929. Harpella melusinaeé n.g.- n. sp. Entophyte eccriniforme parasite des larves de Simulie, -Cy-R. Hebd. Séances: Acad. Sci.) Fre acco ee 954. Manier, J.-F. 1950. Recherches sur les Trichomycétes. Ann. OCi eet. DOt. belo 3-lon , Manier, J.-F. 1962. Révision du genre Spartiella Tuzet et Manier 1950 (sa place dans la classe des Trichomycé- res); Ani. sci. Nat Zool) l= 5208 Manier, J.=F.. and R. W. Lichtwardt. 19638. Révision@derta systématique des Trichomycétes. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 9: 519-532. Pouzar, Z. 1972. Genistella Léger et Gauthier vs. Genis- tella Ortega; a nomenclatural note. Folia Geobot. Phy totax. ..b raha of. oll 520 MYCOTAXON Vol. VII, No. 3, pp. 443-452 October-December 1978 THE DISTRIBUTION OF Nats cnornata, A FACULTATIVE MARINE ASCOMYCETE C. A. SHEARER Botany Department, Universrty of [ehinors, Urbana IL 61801 J. L. CRANE Botany Department, Untversrcty of Tkkinots and 1Lkinors Natural Histony Sutvey, Urbana IL 61801 There has been some controversy as to exactly what constitutes a marine fungus. Hughes (1975) in reviewing the literature in this area was inclined to accept the ecological definition of Kohlmeyer and Kohlmeyer (1964) which places primary emphasis on the habit in which a species develops and reproduces rather than the response of the species to various salinities. Although changes in Salinity have been demonstrated to be an important factor affecting the distribution patterns of fungi on substrata submerged in estuaries (Schaumann, 1968; Shearer, 1972; Brooks, 1977), changes in salinity along fresh/salt water interfaces are accompanied by changes in surrounding vegetation, turbulence, turbidity, pH, organic and in- organic nutrient levels and biotic community composition. Thus, salinity may not be the sole explanation for why a Species occurs where it does. Although a species may grow and reproduce throughout a wide range of salinities in the laboratory, its occurrence in the field may be limited by habitat parameters other than or in addition to salinity. Therefore, an ecological definition of which organisms Should be considered marine is indeed valid. 444 KohImeyer and KohImeyer (1964) and KohImeyer (1974) consider as marine those fungi which grow and reproduce in marine habitats. They divide this group into obligate Species which grow and reproduce exclusively in marine or estuarine (brackish water) habitats, and facultative Species which occur in freshwater or terrestrial habitats but which can also grow in marine habitats. Hughes (1975) pointed out the importance of a broad view of what con- Stitutes a marine habitat in order to include fungi from a variety of marine and marine-influenced habitats such as estuaries, salt marshes, salt ponds, etc. Facultative marine species are very difficult to characterize. They may occur along gradients of salinity from freshwater to seawater and from totally submerged marine habitats to emergent terrestrial habitats, or they may be found in widely disparate habitats. With respect to their occurrence along a salinity gradient from 0.0 to 35 °/o0o, theoretically, fungal species could be facul- tatively marine in three different ways. A species could occur with the greatest frequency in freshwater habitats and less frequently at low to moderate salinities or it could occur with the greatest frequency in seawater and less frequently at moderate salinities or in freshwater. In addition, a species could occur most frequently at intermediate salinities and less frequently in both sea- water and freshwater habitats. From studies made thus far (Hughes, 1975), it appears that few species could be ex- pected to occur with equal frequency in freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats. Although salinity is one of the most common parameters used to characterize the marine habitat, it is again recognized that all the parameters discussed in the first paragraph will vary along with salinity and no attempt is made here to explain the distribution of a species solely on the basis of Salinity. Nats Anornnata Kohlmeyer, a facultative marine species, has been reported from a variety of marine and freshwater habitats. The type specimen was collected from a salt- water "etang" of unknown salinity near St. Cyprien-Plage (Pyrenees Orientales) by KohImeyer (1962). G. C. Hughes (1960) collected a fungus (Mefanopsamma sp.) which KohImeyer (1962) considered similar in most respects to N. tnorznata. It was found on pine panels submerged in the Neuse-Newport Estuary and because it occurred in water with 445 a salinity range of 0.0 to 0.7 °/.., Hughes designated it a limnetic species. A series of collections of N. snornata were made from wood test panels which had been placed in cooling towers in Great Britain. It occurred on panels placed in the inlet trough, holding pond, and in the cooling tower at Connah's Quay on the River Dee (Eaton & Jones, 197la, b; Eaton & Irvine, 1972). The water at this site was de- Scribed as brackish and attempts were made to keep Salinities at low levels by pumping only during low tide and when freshwater runoff increased during the wincer. Nats 4nornata did not occur at a cooling tower at Ince which draws freshwater from the River Dee. Although this water was not saline, it had a higher ionic concentration than the water at Connah's Quay because the system was not purged regularly. Eaton and Jones (1971a, b) linked the appearance of N. snorznata with brackish water and con- Sidered it a marine species. Byrne and Eaton (1972) reported N. snornata from test blocks of beech and Scots pine suspended in water that was 10, 50, 75 and 100% of the concentration of seawater and it was also collected from beech panels suspended in seawater tanks at the Marine Biology Station, Hayling Island, Great Britain. Shearer (1972) collected N. inorznata from balsa wood blocks submerged in both non-tidal freshwater and brack- ish-water areas of the Patuxent River, Md. It occurred cnvougnouteassalinity range of 0.08 to. 17°22 "/66,: but with the greatest frequency in freshwater and the lowest fre- quency at higher salinities. Gessner and Goos (1973a, b) reported that N. tnornata occurred on Spartina alterntplora in a tidal salt marsh adjacent to a tidal creek in Rhode PandewithidsSalinity:,ot 27-07 to 29.0) 7/e6- Schmidt (1974) found N. 2074 1969. Kamatella ltongipedicellata (T. S. & K. Ramakr.) Vidasa,oBbull. Torrey Bot. Clube sees. elo Muelleromyces varttsporus (Died.) Ullasa, Bull. Lorrey Bot. Clubi98:"s.u 197 t. (erel Mepecim. ier deser.). The authors are -thankful to Dr. H. Cy Govindu; Senior Professor and Head of the Department of Plant Pathology. The junior author is grateful to Food and Agriculture Organiza- tion of the United Nations for the support that made his stay at the UAS, Hebbal, possible. 456 REFERENCES . Anahosur, K. H. 1968. Muelleromyces, a new member of the Sphaeriales (Ascomycetes). Experientia 24: 849-850. 1969. Kamatella, a new genus of the Sphaeropsi- dales: "Bull? Porrey Bot: ‘Club 96-7 207-206. Lanjouw, J. , et at. 1956. International Code ols o0tann cal Nomenclature adopted by the eighth International Botanical Congress, Paris, July 1954. Regnum Vegeta- bile 8: 1-338. | Ramakrishna, T. S., and K. Ramakrishna. 1950. Additions tothe fungi, of MadrasiVil.. Proc. ind wAcad=nceie Sect. B. S2e0 Ov a0 9 stafleu, F. A. , et al... 1972. International yCode sonero- tanical Nomenclature adopted by the eleventh Interna- tional Botanical Congress, Seattle, August 1969. Reg- num Vegetabile«sZ> 7)-426., sydow, H., P. Sydow, and-E; J. Butler. 1916.6:Funcieen ae orientalis... Ann. Mycol. 142. 177-220 i(secep ano. Thyr, 3. D:.4,.and C.-G. Shaw. 1904., Identity of the tung gus causing red band disease of pines. Mycologia 56: 103-109. Ullasa,; B.°A. L971. Identity and status of two species of Diplodia affecting Syzygium species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 98 1-4, Zambettakis, C. 1954. Recherches sur la systématique des Sphaeropsidales Phaeodidymae. Bull. Soc. “Mycol, Fr; EVE ZEIESS 0 MYCOTAXON Volt UiaeNO. 35, pps “457-492 October-December 1978 REVISIONARY STUDIES IN THE ARACHNOPEZIZOIDEAE: A MONOGRAPH OF THE POLYDESMIEAE RICHARD P. KORF Plant Pathology Herbartum, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 USA SUMMARY The genus Polydesmta Boud., based on P. prutnosa (Jerd. tn Berk. & Broome) Boud., a tiny white discomycete occurring primarily on pyre- nomycetous stromata, is shown to belong to the Hyaloscyphaceae. Two species previously referred to the genus are excluded: P. rosae Kil- lermann, on the pith of Rosa canes, is a Propolomyces, possibly P. farinosus; Polydesmia herbicola Svrcek is transferred to Hyaloseypha. A previously undescribed Macaronesian species occurring principally on the fallen fruits and peduncles of mimosas (Acacta spp.) in Madei- ra and on the fallen capsules of Eucalyptus globulus in Madeira and the Canary Islands is described as Polydesmta fructicola. Lastobe- Lontum dumontit Korf, a Venezuelan species on a fern rachis, proves also to be a Polydesmia, and is transferred to that genus. Since La- stobelontum must be abandoned in the sense adopted by recent authors, L. mintopsts (Ellis) Dennis is designated the type of, and LZ. aqutlt- nellum v. Héhn. is transferred to, a new genus, Parachnopeztza. The genus Ertopezta (Sacc.) Rehm is reinvestigated, and a new species, E. samuelstt on Gahnia from New Zealand, added; HZ. mtcrospora (Kanouse) Dennis is referred to Lachnellula, and F. roseolo-tincta Svréek is a pyrenomycete, Wectrita carnea Desm. The three genera, Polydesmta, Pa- rachnopeztza and Eriopezta, constitute the Polydesmieae, a new tribe in the new subfamily Arachnopezizoideae. Keys to the genera of the Polydesmieae and to the seven known species are provi- ded. A new Macaronesian species, Peztcula linda, which may easily be confused with Polydesmta, is described in an appendix. BCE OMDASRA si Stonical Survey (2 sa -. itu se wee ee ee SS Some morphological observations on the type species of Polydesmia and a new taxonomic placement of BHergenus i Ps Lene ee OEE Oe nee Doe eee SO Two other species of Polydesmia: a new species from Macaronesia and Lasiobelonium dumontii ...... 460 PARACHNOPEZIZA, a new generic name for Lasiobelonium SensutDennis. wie AD (otf OND i Oe ARACHNOPEZIZOIDEAE, a new subfamily with two tribes, POLYDESMIEAE trib. nov. and ARACHNOPEZIZEAE emend. 462 458 KEYS to the genera and species of the Polydesmieae .. 463 ERTL OPE GIA a a ea ie PD re er cree 464 PARACHNOPEGIGAS 0 nei ss: ot ‘ol fet fat 'steret tok) eu gceen se coon yetelo mn ame 468 POLY DE SMP Aye Ver aside see eee ee has) os ahs, Selene cca be ern rns 470 Excluded species of Eriopezia and Polydesmia ..... 482 APPENDIX: Pezicula linda sp. nov., a Polydesmia TOOK$@ LIKE Wii Oy og ered Sa to VS. he es Gace a lol Sper oe ge en POLY DESMA: A HISTORICALWSURY EY, Boudier (1885) erected Polydesmia for a single species, Helottum prutnosum Jerdon tn Berk. §& Broome, and placed the genus in the family 'Caloriacés.' From other genera of this family with highly branched, delicate paraphyses (Eptglta Boud., Callorta Fr., Corynella Boud., and Mniacea Boud.) Polydesmta was distinguished by its furfuraceous hymenium. Boudier's later treatment (Boudier, 1907) is essentially si- milar, and the genus remained monotypic until two species were added, P. rosae Killermann (1935) and P. herbtcola Svréek (1967). Saccardo (1889) transferred Jerdon's species to Pseudohe- Lottum Fuckel (1870), but to avoid homonymy with Ps. prutno- sum (Wallr.) Sacc., he coined the new name, Pseudohelottum jerdonitt, for Helottum prutnosum. Saccardo did not accept Boudier's genus Polydesmia in any of the volumes of the Syl- Loge Fungorum. Saccardo's wide concept of Pseudohelottum is no longer accepted, and many authors (von Hdhnel, 1923; Den- nis, 195651960, 1968; Korf; 1973) ‘treat°1t as monotypic. based on Pezgiza pinett Batsch ex Pers., a species on needles and cones of Pinus and not considered closely related to Polydesmta prutnosa. Rehm (1891) also failed to recognize Boudier's genus, and treated Jerdon's species as Belonidium prutnosum (Jerd. tn Berk. & Broome) Rehm. He considered Belontdtum Mont. & Dur. tn Dur. to be a genus of the family 'Mollisieae,' Abtheilung Eumollisieae. The generic name Belontdium has also been used in a wide sense by various authors. Since when the ge- nus was founded it had only one species, the generic appli- cation must follow the taxonomic position of that species, B. aerugitnosum Mont. §& Dur. im Dur. That species is now ei- ther assigned to Dasyscyphus Nees ex Gray (Dennis, 1962) or accepted as a separate genus of the Hyaloscyphaceae (Rait- viir, 1970). Polydesmia pruinosa has little in common with B. aerugtnosum. Rehm (1912) transferred the species of Jerdon to Belonium 459 Sacc., another genus of the Mollisioideae, and credited the combination to von Héhnel. This is doubtless a result of von Hdhnel's (1909) statement, "In der Gattung Belontdtum stehen in Rehm's Discomycetenwerk einige Arten, die richtig zu Belontum gehdren, so B. prutnosum (Jerd.) und B. subcar- neum Rehm.'"' That these initials stand for Belontdtum, not Belontum, is almost certain: neither in the index to new names in this fascicle, nor in the index to the first 1000 Fragmente, do the combinations in Belontum appear. The cor- rect citation for the species in Belontum is B. prutnosum (Jerd. «~m Berk. & Broome) v. HOhn. t1 Rehm. No modern au- thor has suggested any close relationship between Polydesmta and Belontum. Killermann (1935) accepted the genus Polydesmta in the (tribe ?) Pezizelleae Rehm emend., and described a new spe- cies, P. rosae Killerm., which I exclude (below) from the genus. Svrcek (1967) described another new species, P. her- btcola Svr., but did not indicate any position for the genus imMethnenclassitication; this species I also exclude (below) from Polydesmia. SOME MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ONDTHER IY PE soph Cleo eOrUVe OLY DE SMiEA AND A NEW TAXONOMIC PLACEMENT OF THE GENUS The pruinose hymenium which distinguishes Polydesmia pru- tnosa from most other minute discomycetes is the result of highly branched paraphysis apices extending well above the ascus tips and not being immersed in a gel. Such paraphyses have been termed propolotd by Sherwood (1977a). Not only the propoloid paraphyses, but also the fairly large, often bent ascospores of P. prutnosa recall similar structures in the Phacidiaceous genus Propolomyces Sherwood (1977b) [a ge- nus better known as Propolts (Fr.) Fr. non Propolts (Fr.) Corda]. One other common genus has some species with a pru- inose hymenium, Pezgtcula Tul. & Tul. (Dermateaceae, Pezicu- loideae). One Macaronesian species, P. linda Korf, easily confused with Polydesmia, is described below in an appendix to this paper. Though early authors either described the apothecia of Polydesmia prutnosa as glabrous, or failed to mention any hairs, Massee (1895) described the apothecia as “often sur- rounded by more or less evident white hyphae."’ Boudier (1911) noted the apothecia to be ''finement furfuracés ou to- menteux en dehors,'' and these comments are almost exactly repeated by Grelet (1948). Migula (1913) is apparently the 460 first to provide a description of the hairs on the apotheci-— a: "ausserlich besonders. am Rande in faserartige, etwa 30 u lange, 3 vp breite, unregelmassige Hyphen auslaufend."' Von Hohnel (1923) also saw the hairs: "in hyaline, 1 bis 1.5 u dicke, kurzere oder bis 40 uw lange, stark wellig oder schraubie verbogene Haare endigen." 1 amable to contimn their observations (FIG. 14), and am convinced that the ~ape- thecial structure of hyaline, somewhat glassy-walled hyphae, often so short=celléd, as to appear as textura prismaticagor textura angularis, giving rise to hairs, makes assignment of this; spectes to the Hyaloscyphaceae wholly appropriate eee is possible that Svrcek (1967) considered Polydesmia to be- long to the Hyaloscyphaceae, since he described a new spe- cies between diagnoses of two other new species, both of which were assigned to genera of the Hyaloscyphaceae. If so, he appears to have been the first to adopt what I consi- der to be the correct family disposition of the genus. In the two recent classifications which have treated Pol- ydesmia (Dennis, 1960, 1968; Korf, 1973), the genus has ta- ken an isolated position. Dennis refers it to a monogeneric 'tribe' Polydesmioideae of the Helotiaceae (the -oideae end- ing, however, id's that of a subfamily). Kort refers 11 scoea monogeneric subfamily, Polydesmioideae, of the Leotiaceae. Neither the 'tribe' nor the subfamily have been given formal Latin diagnoses. I propose (below) a new tribe, Polydesmi- eae, to accommodate this genus and two others within the Hy- aloscyphaceae. TWO OTHER SPECLIES OF POLYDESMIAG A NEW SPECIES FROM MACARONESIA AND LASIOBELONIUM DUMONTITI It was the discovery of an apparently undescribed species of Polydesmia from Madeira and the Canary Islands that prompted my reinvestigation of the genus and its type spe- cies. Unlike P.. pruinosa, normally found: (parasitica: jmon the stromata of various pyrenomycetes (particularly Dta- trype, Valsa, Hypoxylon, and Aptosportna) or on wood or bark in which one can usually find immersed pyrenomycetes, the new Macaronesian species occurs on fallen pods and peduncles of mimosas (Acacia spp.) and on the fallen capsules of Hu- calyptus globulus.Labill. that show no sign of pyrenomycete invasion. More rarely it occurs on wood or bark. The hosts are not related botanically, but both were introduced and both are characterized by gums. The apothecia are tomentose like those of P. pruinosa, and the species is formally de- scribed (below) as P. fructteola Korf. The ascospores are 461 much narrower in P. fructtcola than in P. prutnosa. Only a year ago I described a new species, Lastobelontum dumonttt Korf (1977), on an unidentified fern rachis from Venezuela... This, like’P. (prutnosavand P: \jructicola, nas tiny apothecia which tend to fuse together, and a pruinose hymenium (overlooked when I described the species), as well as a dense covering of irregular to coiled hairs as in those Spécies.. There seems no doubt that this species is also congeneric with P. prutnosa, and it is formally transferred (bélow)vas Py dumontéit (Korf) Korf. Its most’ distinctive character is the 4-spored asci. PARACHNOPEZIZA, A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR LASIOBELONIUM SENSU DENNIS In the preparation of my keys to the genera of discomyce- tes (Korf, 1973), I restudied the only species of Lastobelo- nium known at all well to me, L. mintopsts (Ellis) Dennis. I had wrestled with the placement of this species much ear- lier (Korf, 1952), since it clearly resembles Arachnopeziza in a number of characters, differing primarily in having a- pothecia arising from a tiny stalk directly inserted into host tissue (instead of sessile apothecia borne on the hy- phae of an evident subiculum), and in its ascospores with Many more than 7 septa.’ Often there is no évidence of a4 subiculum, but occasionally an obvious hyphal weft can be seen yon thersurface of thebarks Since these hyphae do mot directly bear the. apothecia, I used the term 'false subicu- lum' to refer to them in a footnote to the key to Arachnope- atza species (Korf, 1952: 152), where I referred to this species as Dasyscyphella mintopsts (Ellis) Kanouse. By the time I prepared my keys to the genera (Korf, 1973), I accep- ted Lastobelonium in Dennis's (1962) sense (and specifically for L. mintopsts), placed for the first time in the Arachno- pezizeae despite the lack of a 'true' subiculun. Dennis (1962) accepted the invalid typification (see Fortis 1978) of Lastobeloniwn, (Sacc.,.) Sacc.eqg ova, by Cle- ments §& Shear (1931) with L. amoenum (Speg.) Sacc. ex Clem. G Shear. He placed the genus for the first time in the Hy- aloscyphaceae, and accepted two additional species, LZ. aqut- ltnellum von HShnel (1907) and L. mintopsts, a new transfer to the genus. Of these, LZ. amoenum remains an almost un- known entity (Korf, 1978). Dennis quite correctly concluded that. L. aquilinetlum, fully and correctly described by von Hohnel, is congeneric with Pezgtza mintopsts Ellis (1881). Both species have a small stalk directly inserted into the 462 host substrate, crisped to coiled hairs, yery similar asc1 and paraphyses, but differ in substrate and number of asco- spore septa. Both are composed throughout of hyaline cells, and both have a scanty subiculum (or 'false' subiculum as I previously termed it). Neither can be comfortably accommo- dated in Arachnopeztza Fuckel (1870) in my sense (Korf, 1952), which has completely sessile apothecia borne on the subicular hyphae, and I conclude they represent a good ge- nus more closely allied to Ertopezta and to Polydesmta than they are to Arachnopeztza. Since Lastobelontum (Sacc.) Sacc. & Syd. is unavailable (Korf, 1978), a new generic name, Parachnopeztza, is proposed (below) for them. ARACHNOPEZIZOIDEAE, A NEW SUBFAMILY WITH TWO TRIBES, POLYDESMIEAE TRIB. NOV. AND ARACHNOPEZIZEAE EMEND. Nannfeldt (1932) proposed dividing the Hyaloscyphaceae into three tribes, Lachneeae, Hyaloscypheae, and Arachnope- zizeae. Since no formal diagnosis had been provided, Korf (1952) erected the Arachnopezizeae Nannf. tm Korf in his monograph of the tribe. Since that time, the family has had added to it the subfamily Trichoscyphelloideae Nannf. (Den- nis, 1963; Korf, 1973); the original three tribes constitu- ted the subfamily Hyaloscyphoideae in my treatment (Korf, 1973). The question as to whether the Arachnopezizeae should even be attached to the Hyaloscyphaceae has been raised by Raitviir (1970), who excluded the genera from his treatment. Though I am in agreement with Raitviir that the Arachnopezizeae are not typical members of the Hyaloscypha- ceae, I still prefer to range the genera in that family on the basis of similarity in tissues, hairs, and asci. The glassy-walled excipular cells are markedly different, I a- gree. I am therefore prepared to recognize the group of genera as a subfamily of the Hyaloscyphaceae, and propose to two tribes within the new subfamily. One of these is the new tribe Polydesmieae, consisting of three known genera, Polydesmia, Parachnopeztza, and Eritopezta. The second tribe is the Arachnopezizeae emend., consisting of the genus Arach- nopeztza, and possibly also the genus Velutarta Fuckel (1870) emend. Saccardo (1884, 1889), which is the correct generic name for Tapestna Lambotte (1887) emend. von Hdhnel (1923), the name I used in my monograph (Korf, 1952; see in this re- gard Korf, 1953a, 1953b). The removal of Ertopezta from the tribe requires a slight emendation of the description. 463 RRA OHNO P-EZ1 7.0 L DE AE SKoréjesubtamzanov. Hyaloscyphacearum subfamilia, apotheciis in subiculo sparso vel denso portatis, excipulo ex textura angulari vel prismatica parietibus aspectu vitri (refractivis) praedita consistente. Typus: Arachnopeztza Fuckel. ARACHNOPEZIZEAE Nannf. tn Korf, Lloydia 14: 139. 1952, emend. The tribe now excludes Ertopezta (Sacc.) Rehm, one of the original genera. Pisses MoE AE Korf. trib. nov. [= Polydesmieae Dennis, tribus of Helotiaceae, British Cup-fungi p. 90, 1960, nom. nud., ut 'Polydesmioide- ae;' British Ascomycetes p. 143, 1968, nom. nud., ut 'Polydesmioideae. '] [= Polydesmioideae Korf, subf. of Leotiaceae, tm Ains- worth & al., The Fungi 4A: 298. 1973, nom. nud. | Arachnopezizoidearum tribus, apotheciis breviter stipitatis, stipite in substratum inserto, subiculo denso vel sparso circumdatis, pilis frequen- ter spiralibus vel crispatis. Typus: Polydesmta Boudier. he orrO LAr GENERA IAND OP EC LES. OF THE POLYDESMIEAE 1. Apothecia gregarious, surrounded by a dense subicular mat; excipular cells dark brown, giving rise to hyaline hairs; BocoSsPOnes 10>) CO) l-SepGatec cc. cece + «= sheesh ERIOPEZIA 2 2. Ascospores O0-septate, without a sheath; apothecia CLL) VUGTOYG Ra Tas kate Me rata rane ae eae ab EEN Ertopesta caesta 2. Ascospores l-septate, sheathed with gel; apothecia EAN) SUELO OSES Geeta ees hn eur TRIE Ertopezta samuelstt 1. Apothecia scattered on a scarcely visible subiculum; exci- pular cells hyaline, glassy-walled, giving rise to hya- line, coiled or crisped hairs; ascospores 1- to 15-sep- 3. Apothecia tiny, often coalescent; hymenium pruinose by virtue of propoloid paraphyses; ascospores fusoid, uniseriate or biseriate, 1l- to 3-septate.. POLYDESMIA 4 4. Asci regularly 4-spored, ascospores 1- to 3-sep- BBG Ce MOU LOL INS tte a Secs. slau oe sehen Polydesmta dumonttt 464 4. Asci 8-spored (rarely with a few 4-spored asci).... 5 5. On pyrenomycetes or wood in which pyrenomycetes are ‘imbedded; ascospores I1-21) x 3.3-=s71 am, eventually 3-septate.......... Polydesmta prutnosa 5. On fruits and peduncles (rarely on wood or bark) ; ascospores 5.9-11.0 (-16.8)) x91.5=222) (-2°59) gum, l-septate (very rarely 2- or 3-septate in rare, A-SPOTECeaSCW Taw awar wen cee Polydesmta fructtcola 3. Apothecia tiny or easily visible with the naked eye, not coalescent; hymenium not pruinose; ascospores filiform, in a parallel bundle, 3- to L9=séptates ae PARACHNOPEZIZA 6 6. Apothecia on bark, small; hymenium red; asco- spores 15- to 19-septate... Parachnopeztza mintopsts 6. Apothecia on fern leaves, tiny, totally white; ascospores 3-septate..... Parachnopeztza aqutltnella ERIOPEZIA (Saccardo) Rehm emend. von H6hnel, Akad. Wiss. Wien Sitzungsber. , ‘Math. =Naturwiss Kl.) Abt. 1, 132. 81167 g1e7 Ge (For synonymy, see Korf, 1952.) 1. ERIOPEZIA CAESIA (Pers. ex Gray : Fries) Rehm 7m Winter, G. & H. Rehm [eds.], Pilze, Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Krypto- gamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz, ed. 2, 1(3) [Lief.°381: 693),696.01892 7 lous NOTES: I shall not repeat here the long list of synonyms and suspected synonyms that I provided earlier (Korf, 1952). The validating author was S. F. Gray (Nat.\arz.oBriteap yee 665. 1821). I have little to add to the description I gave then. The specimen for FIG. 1 is a recent collection taken in France by my colleague Francoise Candoussau and I. Mr. Dirig's drawings reproduced here are a great improvement o- ver those I published (Korf, 1952). 2% ERTOPEZTA “SAMUELS IT Kortl@ cna noy. FEGSoo2 mee FIG. 1. Eyvtopezta caesta, Six_asci,, four with unstainedspore= mounted in KOH-phloxine, two with stained pores mounted in Melzer's Reagent after 10% (left) and 2% (right) KOH pre- treatment; three paraphyses and four ascospores mounted in phloxine-KOH; eight marginal hairs, third from top shown in optical section; four portions of subicular hyphae, one in optical section, lowermost showing the occasional hooked 465 Uff A Nee Gre a \ aaa ie 1a warts, all mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue; apothecial cross section mounted in Melzer's Reagent. All from CUP 58106, apothecial section x 500, all other structures x 1000, drawn with the aid of a drawing tube. + FIG. 2. Eriopezta samuelstt. Two asci mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue; four paraphyses in Melzer's Reagent; five free ascospores, lowermost showing gel sheath, in cotton blue; ascus apex showing J+ pore after 2% KOH pretreatment, in Melzer's Reagent; ascus apex in cotton blue showing gel sheaths around spores. All CUP 57031 (HOLOTYPE), x 1000, drawn with the aid of a drawing tube. + FIG. 3. Ertopezia samuelstt. Apothecial cross section and six marginal hairs in optical section, in lactic acid-cotton blue; four hairs from base of apothecium, mounted in KOH- phloxine; portions of subicular hyphae, at left in optical section and in cotton blue, at right in water mount in opti- cal section and surface view showing granulation that dis- appears in cotton blue mounts; center left, view from below of stipe attachment point to apothecium, with brown-pigmented hyphae near the point of attachment. All CUP 57031 (HOLO- TYPE), apothecial section and basal view x 500, hairs and subicular hyphae x 1000, drawn with the aid of a drawing tube. 467 NS wai HH COLON if i \ WO day A Qn! Pala roi Kea eRe ORE ete Orr TH On Browne: o\ 468 Apothecia minuta, fusca, gregaria, breviter stipitata, in tege subiculari densa immersa, hymenio paene nigro. Cellulae excipulares ectales fuscae, parientes pilos breves, hyalinos, laeves et hyphas subiculares hyalinas, laeves vel asperulas, quae folii superficiem contingentes brunnescentes sunt. Asci 93-103 x 11.0-13.2 um, ex uncis enati, 8-spori, poro in iodo caerulescente. Ascosporae hyalinae, l-septatae, (13.9-) 14.6-19.0 x 4.1- 4.8 um, integumento gelatinoso <1.5 um lato involutae. Paraphyses fili- formi-clavatae, pauciseptatae, 1.5 ym latae, integumento gelatinoso invo- Tutae.. “bypise CUP 70515 ETYMOLOGY: From the name of the collector of the holo- type specimen. ILLUSTRATIONS & EXSICCATI: None. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: G. J. Samuels, on dead leaves of Gahnita sp., Auckland Prov., Waitemata Co., Waitakere Ranges, off Mountain Rd., Walker's Bush Track, New Zealand, 7.VIII. 1974. [CUP 57031 (HOLOTYPE), R:P.K. 41732 (ISOTYPE) (292 Dingley, G. J. Samuels & S. Haydon, on leaves of Gahnta sp., Auckland Prov., Waitemata County, Waitakere Ranges, vic. Kitekite Stream, along Marguerite Track, New Zealand, 30.V. 1973 [CUP 57032 (PARATYPE); “AUPD 31802, GC. J= Samuels e7-— 104, R.P.K. 4153 (ISOPARATYPES) ]. PARACHNOPEZIZA Korf, gen. nov. Apothecia alba, mollia et delicatula, stipite minuto in substratum inser- to praedita, hyphis paucis subicularibus circumdata, hymenio albo vel ru- bescente. Excipulum ex textura angulari hyalina parietibus aspectu vitri praedita consistens. Pili hyalini, crispati vel spirales. Ascosporae 3-— multi-septatae, parallele fasciculatae. Typus: Peziza miniopsts Ellis. ETYMOLOGY: From a superimposition of the Greek para-, Similar to, plus the generic name Arachnopeztiza. NOTES: The new genus differs from Arachnopeztza Fuckel in having a distinct stalk inserted into the substrate rather than sessile apothecia borne upon a loose, subicular mat. The character is deemed of sufficient biological weight to assign the genera to different tribes. 469 1. PARACHNOPEZIZA AQUILINELLA (von Hdhnel) Korf, comb. nov. FIG. 4 = Lastobelontum aquilinellum von Héhnel, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 83: 32. 1907. DIAGNOSIS: Apothecia tiny, 200-350 um fide von Hthnel, pallid to dirty white, almost invisible among the hairs on the fern pinnae, short stipitate. A scanty subiculum, noted by von Héhnel, is present at the apothecial base. The type material is so scanty that I dared mount only one additional apothecium other than those on von Hthnel's slides, which are still in good condition. The ascus apex is very pointed and thus Arachnopeztza-like, with a pore blue in iodine fide von Hthnel. Ascospores are nonseptate when young, eventually B=septate, Often coiled, at maturity 50-55.5 x 2.6-3.7 um (fide von H&hnel, 52-56 Syl. Fung. 8: 296. 1889 [a name change, not Ps. prutnosum (Wallr.) Sacc. 1889]. Beltontdium prutnosum (Jerd. tn Berk. & Br.) Rehm tn Ra- benhss Kryptogam.-Fl. Deutsch.) 0estermochweruzel(;) Wibtere 35205104 1891 (Lief. 501-562. eieole 478 FIGS. 11-12. Polydesmia colonies grown on malt agar in petri dishes at room temperature, x 2. 11. P. fructtcola, CUP-MM 1504, isolated from the HOLOTYPE. 12. P. prutnosa, CUP-MM 1627. = Belontum prutnosum (Jerd. tn Berk. & Br.) Héhn. tn Rehn, Ann. mycoie Lo: S367. 1912. DIAGNOSIS: Apothecia tiny, rarely exceeding 500 um, often confluent, white to dirty white, with a short stipe or nearly sessile, hymenium distinctly pruinose and exciple downy under a hand lens. Asci (78-) 80-110 x (8.0-) 8.8-10.2 (-11.0) um, with the pore blue in Melzer's Reagent. Ascospores nonsep- tate at first, soon 3-septate, often slightly curved, shorter at the ascus apex, longer toward the base of the ascus, (13.9-) .14.6-20.5 (-22.0) x'°3.7-5-1 ume Paraphyses, rlisorm but apically deformed and propoloid. CULTURAL CHARACTERS: Brefeld (1891) reported a conidial state with fusoid to bent, 3- to 6-septate conidia borne successively on what today would be termed phialides. He no- ted the resemblance of the conidial state to that of Nectria eptsphaerta and its relatives that grow together with Poly- desmta prutnosa on the same substrate. Ascospores shot onto 479 water agar germinated by 2 polar germ tubes in less than 15 hrs at room temperature in a Macaronesian collection. The colony is slow-growing, grossly humped and irregular (FIG. 12), but I have not seen any conidia of the sort illustrated by and discussed by Brefeld, and the cultural characters he reported are at great variance with my observations. A transfer of my Macaronesian isolate has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, and with the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn. ILLUSTRATIONS: Berkeley §& Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Scr momo: pl. o>, £. 3 (spores). Boudier, [cones Mycol, 3 [livr. 23]: pl. 453, 1909. Brefeld, Unters. Gesammtgeb. MycourmOcepl, L2,2f. 23-24 01891." Dennis, Brit. Gup-tuner., pio. 1960. Dennis, Brit. Ascom.. fie. 99D, 1968. “Lindau, Enugicreg Prantl, Nat, Pflanzenfam: 1(1) [Liet. P0je-214." 4. 167 A-C, 1896. Rehm, Rabenh. Kryptogamen-Fl. 1(3) [Lief. Soot, tig. 1-5 (supra), 1891, EXSICCATI EXAMINED: Cooke, Fung. brit. exs. 575 (Helott- um); Cooke, Fung. brit. exs. ed. 2, 390 (Helottum); Jaap, Fungi sel. exs. 309 (Belontdium, on Diatrype sttgma); Jaap, Fungi sel. exs. 309b (Belontdtum, on Dtatrypella favacea) ; Krieger, Fungi sax. 1034 (Belontdtum, on Melogramma sptntfer- um); Krieger, Fungi sax. 2277 (Belontdium, on Cryptosphaerta eunomta); Phillips, Elvell. brit. 89 (Helotium); Rabenhorst, Fungi eur. 15174 (Helottum); Rehm, Ascom. 2004 (Belontum, on Dtatrype stigma); Roumeguere, Fungi gall. exs. 2771 (Helott- um, on Dtiatrype spp.); de Thtimen, Mycoth. univers. 1210 (He- Lottum) . EXCLUDED EXSICCATI: Kryptogamae Exsiccatae 723, issued as Belontdtum prutnosum on Dtatrype sttgma, in all copies exam- ined by me is instead a Btsporella, presumably B. discedens (Karst.) Carp., with a Cystodendron anamorph like that repor- £ede bys Carpenter. (1975). CRITICAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: This fungus is common and widespread in Britain and in continental Europe on many dif- ferent pyrenomycetes. It appears to be previously unreported from North America, where my survey of herbaria has revealed only 11 North American collections deposited in CUP and NY (and none at BPI, FH, MICH or UC under any of the synonyms). According to Dr. John H. Haines of the New York State Museum (pers. comm.), it may be common but rarely collected in the Pacific Northwest; he has sent me several collections from his personal herbarium from Washington, New York, and Tenne- see. I report all these here, along with 6 Macaronesian col- lections also representing an extension of the known range. 480 FIG. 13. Polydesmia prutnosa. Two asci with ascospores, the left mounted in Melzer's Reagent showing the J+ ascus pore after pretreatment with 2% KOH, the right mounted in KOH- phloxine-glycerine; paraphyses mounted in Melzer's Reagent; five free ascospores mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue. A111 x 1000, CUP-MM 1481. I have never collected the species in Japan or in South East Asia, and no reports are known from the southern hemisphere. It 1S a cool climate or montane species. Many authors have failed to see the septa in ascospores, though these are evi- dent in KOH-phloxine-glycerine or lactic acid-cotton blue mounts. The new extensions of reported range are: NORTH AMERICA: CANADA, British Columbta: R. J. Bandont, on old pyrenomycete on fallen Acer macrophyllum, 20. II. 481 FIG. 14. Polydesmta prutnosa. Apothecial median section (* 500) and marginal hairs (x 1000), mounted in lactic acid- cotton blue. CUP-MM 1481. 1962, BC-2316 (NY). UNITED STATES, New York: R. P. Korf 3066, on a pyrenomy- cete, Stoddard Brook, Allegany State Park, 11. VI. 1961 (CUP 57033). C. T. Rogerson & S. J. Smith, on stromata of Hypo- wyLOn Sp., Essex County, woods near Heart Lake, 2. 1X. /1965 (NY). Same collectors, on stromata of Hypoxylon, Essex Mounty.. 2: miles: northeast of Heart Lake, 3. IX. 1965..(NY);. C. T. Rogerson, S. J. Smith & D. Moore, on stromata of Hypo- xsylon on Saltx, St. Lawrence County, near Wanakena Forest Bcnool, 18. IX. 1969 (NY). J. H. Hatnes 1441 & SH J. Smith, on old stroma, Cascade Lakes, near Upper Jay, Essex County, eee. 1970 CJ:HsH.). J. H#. Haines 1600 6 C. Marr. Otsego County, NYSU Oneonta field station near Cooperstown, 28. IX. 482 LO7OUGNY: JoHeH) 2 C.. 2. Rogerson) 5... cm ciate Ogee on stromata of Diatrype stigma and dead branches, Ulster County, trail from Winnisook Lake, west side of Slide Moun- tain, ‘Gatskill Mountains; 2. Viti, 1974 (NY). 2. kolniee R. P. Korf, on Dtatrype and on Hypoxylon, Huntington Memori- al Camp, Raquette Lake, 11. IX. 1976 (CUP 54956)... Co Tenoe gerson, on Aptosportna morbosa on Prunus sp., near Berlin Mts; Olubs Rensselaer Gounty, S10. PX.0197 7a (CUR secre. Pennsylvanta: M. Sherwood 2128, on Hypoxylon on Fagus, Tionesta tract, Allegheny National Forest, Forest County, 18. x. 1975 (GUP 64676). Tennessee: C. T. Rogerson, on Dtatrype sttgma, Sevier County, along Cole Branch, Little Pigeon River, Great Smoky Mts.,Natzvonal: Park, 1S. -X.> 1900 -(NYs J) cHoHe 17200 a ee Hatnes 1724, on old stroma of Hypoxylon sp., Cades Cove, Great: Smoky Mts. National sPark, 11. VIII. 21 968"G@) cei Washtngton: J. H. Haines 38, on stroma of pyrenomycete, Redmond, King County, east of Lake Washington in wooded area, 6. IPL. 31964) (9 .H.H.). J: As Hatnes s2,\\on. remains rot pies nomycete stroma, Lee Experimental Forest, Snohomish County, 26. IV. 1964 (JvH.H je) id: H.. Haines 258) “sane darave la ae LOGOT Ja tioHis)s: MACARONESIA: CAWARY ISLANDS, La Palma: R. P. Korf, W. C. Dentson, L. M. Kohn & M. A. Sherwood, on old xylariaceous stroma, Los Tilos, 14. I. 1976 (CUP-MM 639; TFMC). Same collectors, on pyrenomycete, Forest road south of Los Tilos, 14. I. 1976 (CUP-MM 709). MADETRA: Ry P. Korf, R. ‘Fogel, Gil. Hennebert Gian: Kohn, on an immersed pyrenomycete on wood, mixed forest at Ribeiro Frio, 13. I. 1977 (CUP-MM 1481; TFMC). Same collec- tors, on pyrenomycete on wood, waterfall along road to Faja da Nogueira, 2.5 km from junction with main road, 19. Plo77 (CUP-MM 17627). R. P. Korf, Lb. M. Kohn, N. Korf @ A. J. fose- man, On pyrenomycete, at waterfall 2.3 km toward Faja da No- gueira from main road, 21. IV. 1978 (CUP-MM 2277). Same col- lectors, on pyrenomycetes, path to Balcdes from Ribeiro Frio, 22. IV. 1978 (CUP-MM 2345). EXCLUDED SPECIES OF ERIOPEZIA AND POLYDESMIA No attempt is made here to repeat the listing of species considered doubtful or excluded from Frtopezta in my earlier monograph (Korf, 1952), to which the reader is referred. 1. ERIOPEZIA MICROSPORA (Kanouse) Dennis, Kew Bull. 17: 323. EGS. FIGs 483 L/ LaA nee = cA ) ERED ye ZZ IAN Ze Zi thy le ANON oF DD ——F SSS Za SES SSS SRS SS 0 J SSNS SS ey —@ —— § wan : SASQ Zz SSS SSS SS } Oa S Y a Y aw ce cs) 3S {SS eee Toe rot oT oes Ly wale : y = 2@%9 SS —— a8 FIG. 15. Lachnellula sp. (= Eriopezta mterospora). Two asci mounted in Melzer's Reagent, the one at the left pretreated in 10% KOH showing J+ ascus pore; five paraphyses mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue; eleven ascospores mounted in Melzer's Reagent; five marginal hairs mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue or in KOH-phloxine-glycerine, two in surface view and three in optical section; apothecial median section, with host tissues (dark) at base. Apothecial section (x 500) and bottom hair (x 1000) from HOLOTYPE of £. mtecrospora; all other structures x 1000, from PARATYPE of FE. mtcrospora. Lachnetla tricolor (Sow. ex Pers. : Fr.) Phill. var. microspora Kanouse, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 20: 73. BOSS e934) 2 = Lachnella microspora (Kanouse) Seaver, N. Am. Cup-fungi (ClEVVeleky) aa)an ACW ems BESS BE ?=(Peztza alboviridis Cooke, Grevillea 7: 47. [xii] 1878, non P. alboviridis Sauter, Mitt. Ges. Salzburger Landesk. 484 18: 108. [earlier than 6. vii] 1878] (later homonym) =" Trienopezt aa GLpovitr7ars: Sacc.., "Syl 1) — Pung. 7a toe 1889 (ut '"(Cooke) Sacc.') (new name, ICBN Art. 72, Note). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mtechtgan: A. H. Smith 33-151, on oak, Cascade Glen, near Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co., 10 May 1933, MICH (HOLOTYPE of Lachnella trtcolor var. mtcrospora; CUP 57036, ISOTYPE). A. H. Smtth 33-36, George Reserve, Pinck- ney, 13 May 1933, MICH (PARATYPE of Lachnella tricolor var. mterospora; CUP 57037, ISOPARATYPE). Georgta: H. W. Ravenel 2447, on decorticated "Myritca" or in fissures of the bark, Darien, K (HOLOTYPE of Peztza albo- vitrtdts Cooke and hence of Trichopeztza alboviridis Sacc.). NOTES: The fragment of the type specimen of Pegtza albo- vtrtdis Cooke received from Kew on loan bore only a few a- pothecia of a lichen, and I am unable to confirm Dennis's suggested synonymy on the basis of that material. Kanouse's fungus is surely not an Ertopezta, for it has strongly gela- tinized hyphae in the outer ectal excipulum, and is very closely related to Lachnellula pulveracea (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Dennis, though Dennis (1963) apparently tailed tomsece the similarity. In view of the uncertainty concerning Cooke's (actually, Saccardo's!) epithet, and the inability to transfer Kanouse's varietal epithet because of the earlier Lachnellula mtcrospora Ell. & Everh., I do not propose a name for it in Lachnellula. Possibly both L. pulveracea and : this species deserve some genus of their own rather than be- | ing accommodated in the very broad concept of Lachnellula that both Dennis and I have adopted. | 2. ERIOPEZIA ROSEOLO-TINCTA Svrcek, Ceska Myk. 12: 226. 1958. = Nectria carnea Desmaziéres, Pl. crypt. France, sér. 2, fasc 2:8, 3675.. 1856;. Bull Soc Bott | rance.4 a9 08. ESE: = [Sphaerella carnea Roberge, in herb. ] = WNectrtella carnea (Desm.) Sacc., Michelia 1: 278. 1878. NOTES: The ascocarps, immersed in a subiculum, are not apo- thecia, but Hypocreaceous perithecia. I was struck by the similarity with the description of Nectrtella carnea in Sac- cardo (1883), and consulted Dr. C. T. Rogerson, New York Bo- tanical Garden, as to whether this was indeed that Species, recorded by Saccardo on Lugula, the host of Svrcek's species. 485 Rogerson has graciously followed up the question, and has obtained the type specimen of Nectria carnea from Paris and has resolved the identity and also the question of whether the species should be assigned to Pseudonectrta (the correct generic name for WNectrtella in Saccardo's sense). He has permitted me to record his observations here. Though there are slight differences between Svrcek's specimen on Luzula and Desmaziéres's specimen on Carex, Rogerson concludes they are synonyms. On both the label description and the journal description of Wectrta carnea two hosts were given: Carex and Buxus. Rogerson notes that Tulasne §& Tulasne (1865) studied Desmaziéres's material, treating that on Carex as NW. carnea and that on Buxus as WV. rousseltana ('russeliana'), thus ef- fectively lectotypifying NV. carnea with the Carex fungus. He formally designates here as LECTOTYPE of the name W. carnea Desm. the specimen on dead leaves of Carex, "Roberge in Des- Mazmenes, Pl. crypt, France ser. 2, fasc. 8, 575” on deposit in PC. Rogerson notes that 'Septation in ascospores is not absolutely clear. In one perithecium of Ertopezta [roseolo- tincta] that I mounted there appears to be a definite, medi- an septum in some of the spores (mounted in heated acid fuch- sin-lactic acid). The same is true in the Desmaziéres' ma- terial but here the ascospores are so tightly clumped that it is difficult to make a decision." Further, he notes that that WNeetria, rather than Pseudonectrta (= Nectriella Sacc.), is the appropriate genus in which to range these specimens. SPECIMEN EXAMINED BY KORF AND ROGERSON: J. Kubicka & M. Svreek, Slovakia septentr., montes Belanské Tatry, in conval- le "Holubyho dolina'" (=""Dolina Siedmich pramefiov'') supra Ta- transka. Kotlina. [uzula albtda’ (= nemorosa)). 358.1956. €UP 57089 (ISOTYPE of Ertopezta roseolo-tineta Svr.). SPECIMEN EXAMINED BY ROGERSON: Weetrta carnea Desmaz. Pl. Crypt. ser. Novis, fasc. VII] (1856), n: 375, an fol? Carceum Srccuse (©C LEGILOTYPE). 3. POLYDESMIA HERBICOLA Svrcek, Cesk4 Myk. 21: 149. 1967. FIGS, 16, 17 NOTES: This species cannot be accommodated in Polydesmia, but certainly is a member of the Hyaloscyphaceae. Our draw- ings (FIGS. 16, 17) are not in good agreement with those pub- lished by Svrcek (1976: 148), who apparently did not see the strongly swollen bases of the hairs. It seems best accommo- dated in Hyaloscypha, and I formally propose its transfer there as Hyaloscypha herbicola (Svrcek) Korf, comb. nov. The dark-walled excipular cells are unusual in Hyaloscypha, 486 FIG. 16. Hyaloseypha herbtcola. Apothecial median section mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue (x 500) and mar- ginal hairs mounted in KOH-phloxine-glycerine (x L000) <* "All PRM 666708 (HOLOTYPE). but I am not convinced how highly that character should be weighted. Recently Svrcek has removed Hyaloscypha dematt- teola (Berk. § Br.) Nannf. from the genus on the basis of its brown-walled excipular cells, as the type species of a new genus, Dematitoscypha Svr., which he still retains in the Hyaloscyphaceae. Hyaloscypha herbicola does not seem very close to H. dematticola, nor to Svrcek's other new genus, Ciltolarina, erected in the same paper for a species placed in an uncertain position (Dermataceae? Hyaloscyphaceae?) , also with brown-walled excipular cells and hairs. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: M. Svr@ek 630, Slovakia, montes Belan- ské Tatry: in valle "Dolina Sedmi pramen&" supra Tatranska Kotlina. Ad caulem iac. Senectonts nemorenst. 26. VII. 1958. PRM 666708 (HOLOTYPE). FIG. 2 Hyaloseypha herbtcola. Three asci, two with ascospores, mount- ed in Melzer's Re- agent; three para- physes; six asco- spores mounted in Melzer's Reagenc. All x 1000, PRM 666708 (HOLOTYPE) . Gig Sago 0° 487 4. POLYDESMIA ROSAE Killermann, KiypGesborscnn, 205 )s 21. 1935. PIGS elo 9 19 NOTES: This is unquestionably a species of Propolomyces Sherw. [= Propolis (Fr.) Fr. non Propolis (Fr.) Corda] with immersed apothecia. The pruinose hymenium is doubtless what FIG. 18. Propolomyces sp. (= Polydesmta rosae). Ascus con- taining ascospores, five loose ascospores, paraphysis apices, all x 1000, mounted in Melzer's Reagent. Drawn from the HO- LOTYPE with the aid of a drawing tube. 488 Bia Leaky . VY a NA SAAR AA 4 SN CAMINN Lael SURO PR Aes \AN At IM y/ it \ ANY VR hy { / FIG. 19. Propolomyces sp. (= Polydesmta rosae). Median sec- tion of an apothecium mounted in lactic acid-cotton blue, x 500. Drawn from the HOLOTYPE. led Killermann to describe this in Polydesmta. I consulted Dr. Martha Sherwood, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, on the species, and accept her opinion that it may represent a specimen of Propolomyces fartnosus (Pers.) Sherw. [= Propolis verstcolor (Fr.) Fr.], though the spores seem a bit too nar- row. SPECIMEN EXAMINED BY KORF AND SHERWOOD: 8S. Killermann, [in pith of Rosa cantna], Kryptog. Forschunger II, S 21 Ty- pus., Regensburg: Jrlbach, 10. V. 1934, M (HOLOTYPE), CUP 56048 (ISOTYPE). oo 489 APPENDIX PEZLCULA LINDA! SPoesNOVey, A POLYDESMIA LOOK-ALIKE One of our Macaronesian collections, on chips of wood, was at first taken for a species of Polydesmia, since it is near- ly white, has a pruinose hymenium and scattered apothecia. Unlike species of Polydesmta, however, it is devoid of hairs and has very large asci, the pore of which is insensitive to Melzer's Reagent when apothecia are rehydrated in water, but with a strongly J+ pore mechanism when rehydrated in 2% KOH, as is now known to be typical of Pezteula, Dermea, and some other genera (Kohn & Korf, 1975). Most species of Pegztcula are erumpent from bark in caespitose groups, unlike those of this Macaronesian collection. The apothecia of this appar- ently undescribed species, much larger than those of any species of Polydesmia, have a pruinose hymenium and propoloid paraphyses, characters already known in some other species of Peztcula. PEAUCULA-MSPNDA Kort ,wsp.| nov. FIGS. 20-22 Apothecia <500 um diam, pallida, sessilia vel breviter stipitata, sparsa sed raro coalescentia, hymenio pruinoso. Excipulum ex cellulis globosis pallide brunneis consistens. Asci 8-spori, (85-) 95-102 (-117) x (15.4-) 16.8-19.8 um, ex uncis enati, poro in iodo non nisi post tractatione pri- ore cum KOH caerulescente. Ascosporae non septatae, hyalinae, ellipsoide- ae, (17.6-) 20.5-26.4 x 7.3-9.5 (-11.0) um. Paraphyses anastomosantes, propoloideae. Typus: CUP-MM 264. ETYMOLOGY: From the Latin, linda = beautiful. ILLUSTRATIONS §& EXSICCATI: None. FIG. 20. Pezteula tinda. Two apothecia in median section, x 50. CUP-MM 264° (HOLOTYPE): 490 FIG. 21. Pegteula linda. Two asci mounted in Melzer's Reagent after 2% KOH pretreatment showing bluing of the apical mecha- nism; ten free ascospores in Melzer's Reagent. All x 1000, CUP-MM 264 (HOLOTYPE), drawn with the aid of a drawing tube. FIG. 22. Peztcula linda. Paraphyses mounted in Melzer's Rea- gent, Plicariella. Ascomata subcupulata, majuscula. Spordia globosa. [P. radula (B. ef Br.) Sacc.,, P. atrospora (Fuck.) Sacc., P. scabrosa (Cooke) Sacc.]. » Geoscyphula. Ascomata scutellato-applanata, mediocria. Sporidia ellipsoideo-oblonga, apiculata v. mutica. [P. apiculata (Cooke) Sacc., P. applanata (Rabenh. et Gonn.) Sacc.]. FIG. 3. Saccardo's (1884) treatment of Phaeopezta. Conspectus generum Discomycetum, each generic or infrageneric name is followed by one — or sometimes by more than one — species name. The difference is that in the 1875 and 1880 papers these species indications are preceded by "Exempla," DEXemp.L. ,.0r "“Ex.'' (FIGS. 4, 5). These then, are examples, and not types. 1. Popospmarna Aze., Lév. Appendices perithecii paucae, apice pluries refracto-dichotomae. Exempla: P. Kunzet Lév., P. clandestina (Fr.) Lévy. 2. Sprarrnotieca Lév. Appendices perithecii numerosae, simplices, hyphoideae. Ex. S. pannosa (Schlechtd.) Lév., S. Castagnet Lévy. FIG. 4. Saccardo's (1875) treatment of Podosphaera and Sphaerotheca. Ingregard.to Saccardo"s 1884 paper, Rifai, (1968: 109) wrote: "It is true that Saccardo did not explicitly state that the ‘ex- ample' cited for each taxon in the scheme of classification pro- posed by him was a type species, but it is very difficult to es- cape from the conclusion that the listing of this example species was to indicate what in his opinion was the most typical repre- sentative of the taxon concerned." 498 2. Phoma Fr. em. Perithecia levia, erostria, subcutanea; basidia monospora, sepe brevissima. (Spermog. Dia- porthes, Pleospore, Leptospherie &c.),-— Exempl. Phoma denigrata Desm. Ph. herbarum West. *Sporonema (Desm.). Perithecia subhysteroidea, v. sub-phacidiacea; basidia longiuscula, monospora, — Ex. Ph. (Sp.) glandicola (Desm.) Lév. 3. Apospheeria Berk. Perithecia Phome, sed superfi- cialia, exquisitius papillata. (Spermog. Melanommatis, Cucurbitarie &c.). — Ex. A. (Phoma) Pulviscula S. FIG. 5. Saccardo's (1880) treatment of Phoma, Phoma [subg.] Sporonema, and Aposphaerta. I thoroughly agree with Rifai's conclusion, but "typical," "representative," or "example" simply do not qualify under the Code as lectotypification! To bolster his opinion, Rifai noted that: "Korf (1953) and Dennis (1956), for example, have treated the example. species listed [by Saccardo] for Velutarta Fuckel and Calycella (Fr.) Boud. as effective typifications, respectively." In defence, let me point out that I certainly did not base my argument on the 1884 paper alone. The genus origi- nally contained two species, Velutaria griseo-vitellina and V. rufo-olivacea, neither designated the type by Fuckel (1870). In the 1884 paper Saccardo mentioned only the one (V. grtseo-vitellindg). 1 wrote (Kort, 1953) thac, "Saccardo was apparently the first to divide the genus'. In 1884 he emended the genus, designating V. griseo-vitellina the type. He followed this in 1889 by leaving V. griseo-vitellina in the genus (adding two further species), and relegated /. rufo-olivacea to the genus Lachnella 'Fries.' He unquestion- ably selected a lectotype by this division!." No longer would I contend that he designated the type in 1884, but rather that he designated the type in 1889, at the time the two eligible syntypes were separated in a single paper under different generic names. This was one of the classic cases we had in mind when we proposed the concept of implicit typifteation (Korf §& Rogers, 1967) that has now be- come accepted as a part of the ICBN. Our correspondence with Rifai over this very issue had helped crystallize that concept. Dennis (1956: 66) also, it is true, wrote that Saccardo had "designated" a type species, for Calycella, in 1884. 1. Italics added here. 499 When Korf §& Carpenter (1974) revised Calycella they did not accept Saccardo's (1884) mere listing as typification of the name. Eckblad (1968) is another author who has erroneously ac- cepted at least some of Saccardo"s -listings. as typifications. In treating Saccobolus, for example, Eckblad (1968: 31) un- equivocally stated: "Saccardo (1884) also had selected the same [species] as the type." Nevertheless, at least one of Saccardo's listings in the Conspectus generum Discomycetum really does constitute lecto- typification (implicit!) by virtue of this being the first place where all of the syntypes are treated and only one is retained under the generic or infrageneric taxon. That ex- ample is Pseudoplectanta Fuckel (1870), originally erected with two syntypic species, P. nigrella (Pers.) Fuckel and P. fulgens (Pers.) Fuckel. Saccardo treated the first under Lachnea subg. Sarecoseypha [sect.?] a. Pseudopleetanta Fuckel pro parte (FIG. 2), and the second under Peziza subg. Aleurta Psect.7¢| b. Piicaria Fuckel pro parte (FiG..1). All (both) eligible syntypes were treated in this one publication, and only one was left with its original generic name (now at in- frageneric rank). Thus, convenient as it would be, we cannot take the mere listings of species names in any of Saccardo's three Con- spectt as lectotypifications in the absence of the words "type" or “typification.'" These undoubtedly represent "cen- tral" or "standard" species around which taxonomic concepts were built, but they do not stand scrutiny as nomenclatural building blocks. Except for one or a few cases of implicit lectotypification, we must look elsewhere for effective ex- plicit typification of generic names for fungi. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I continue to owe a great debt to my former student, Joanne K. Ro- gers, whose insight into nomenclature remains an inspiration to me. Her unpublished notes on generic names in the Pezizales have been of great use to me in preparing this paper. Prof. Donald H. Pfister, Farlow Her- barium, Harvard University, has supplied me with a copy of the 1875 pa- per by Saccardo. Financial support of National Science Foundation grant DEB75-23557 is gratefully acknowledged. LITERATURE CITED CLEMENTS, F.E. 1909. The Genera of Fungi. [iii] + 227 p. H.W.Wilson Co., Minneapolis. CLEMENTS, F.E. & C.L. SHEAR. 1931. The Genera of Fungi. iv + 496 p., 58 pl. H.W.Wilson Co., New York. DEIGHTON, F.C. 1973. Studies on Cerecospora and allied genera. IV. Cerco- sporella Sacc., Pseudocercosporella gen. nov. and Pseudocercosport- dium gen. nov. Mycol. Pap. 133: 1-62, 8 pl. DENNIS, R.W.G. 1956. A revision of the British Helotiaceae in the herba- rium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with notes on related Euro- pean species. Mycol. Pap. 62: 1-216, 1 pl. ECKBLAD, F.-E. 1968. The genera of operculate discomycetes. A re-evalua- tion of their taxonomy, phylogeny and nomenclature. Nytt Mag. Bot. 500 Peo leLol. FUCKEL, L. 1870. Symbolae mycologicae. Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der Rhein- ischen Pilze. Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 23-24: 1-459, 6 pis KORF, R.P. 1953. The new rules of typification as they affect Sarcoscypha and Velutarta. Mycologia 45: 296-301. §& S.E. CARPENTER. 1974. Btsporella, a generic name for Helottum ct- trinum and its allies, and the generic names Calycella and Calycina. Mycotaxon 1: 51-62. §& J.K. ROGERS. 1967. A new term, the schizotype, and the concept of implicit typification. Taxon 16: 19-23. RIFAI, M.A. 1968. The Australasian Pezizales in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natu- urk., Tweede Sect. 57(3): 1-295. SACCARDO, P.A. 1875. Conspectus generum Pyrenomycetum Italicorum syste- mate carpologico dispositorum. Atti Accad. Sci. Veneto-Trentino- Istriana, Padua, eser. 1,547.7 /-100, lL pl. 1880. Conspectus generum fungorum Italiae inferiorum, nempe ad Sphaeropsideas, Melanconieas et Hyphomyceteas pertinentium, syste- mate sporologico dispositorum. Michelia 2: 1-38. 1884. Conspectus generum Discomycetum hucusque cognitorum. Bot. Céntralbl. 18: 213-220, 247-256. 1889. Sylloge Fungorum 8: 1-859, 1089-1143. Saccardo, Patavii. MYCOTAXON VOLmev Gt. NO. oO, DD, 501-507 October-December 1978 FOLIICOLOUS ASCOMYCETES 2: CAPNODIUM SALICINUM MONTAGNE EMEND. Don R. Reynolds Botany, Natural History Museum Los Angeles, California 90007 USA ABSTRACT Capnodium salicinum Montagne is redescribed from type material. The species concept is discussed and a centrum type for Capnodium Montagne emend. is described. The name Capnodium was used by Montagne (1849a) to designate a “nov. gen.” taxon. The description mention- ed a teliomorphosis characterized by a gelatinous-absorptive centrum, ovoid-claviform asci which became deliquescent, and dark muriform ascospores. The distribution was considered to be temperate, including Australia, North America and middle to southern France. A name based on sterile material, Fumago citri Turpin, was cited under "typus” and Capnodium salicinum Montagne was referred to as an allied species where the ascus and ascospores were first observed. “Typus*” was enlarged to include mention of two additional nomen anamorphoses in a modified description published by Montagne (1849b) in an English publication; this citation was used by Berkeley and Desmazieres (1849) for Capnodium salicinum Montagne. A third description of the species was published by Montagne in 1856 as #915 in a sylloge of Cryptogams. Berkeley and Desmazieres (1849) enlarged Montagne's genus to 10 species. Asci and ascospores were mentioned in two of the species and in two others, spores were stated to be completely unknown. Saccardo (1882) recorded 35 names in the genus Capnodium in the first volume of Sylloge Fungorum; asci and ascospores were recorded in only four species. Fifty-four species were indexed under Capnodium in Saccardo’s 12th volume (1897). The 1971 edition of Ainswroth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi gives the estimated number of species as 25. A major point of confusion in early descriptions was the nature of the ostiole. Montagne (1849a) attributed pycnidial characters to the ascocarp, according to Tulasne and Tulasne (1863) and Arnaud (1911). The Tulasne brothers elaborated the description of C. salicinum and described 502 the ostiolar opening as slimy. They presented an illus- tration which gave the impression, however, that the asco- carp was astomatous by depicting the asci as coming from the ascocarp through cracks. They referred to the illus- tration as occurring during preparation of the microscope mount. Saccardo (1882) gave a description of the asci of Capnodium as aparaphysate. Von Hoehnel (1906) mentioned a nucleus for species of his “Capnodieen” which, ”. . .ist durch starke Verschleimung der Paraphysen knorpelig- gelatinos.” He indicated that the asci are dispersed via a slit ascocarp peridium. Barr (1976) following Henssen and Jahns (1974) used the term periphysoid to indicate the type of sterile element which is present in the centrum of Capnodium. The origin of periphysoids in C. salicinum is similar to that reported for Scorias (Reynolds, 1978). In S. spongiosa Fries, the periphysoids are flexible elongations of the cells lining the ascocarp cavity. The tips remain free. They initially extend laterally and then are reoriented during ascus discharge so as to extend upward into the ostiolar region. The periphysoids are not paraphyses in that the origin is not hymenial. They are not pseudo- paraphyses sensu Luttrell (1955). The periphysoids in So spongiosa and C. salicinum extend from the locule wall so as to somewaht surround the upper regions of the ascus. Periphysoids are also known to occur in ascocarps of other foliicolous fungi. I examined material of Limacinia (=Metacapnodium) juniperi which I collected from the type locality and determined that the sterile elements produced in the ascocarp are capnodiaceous periphysoids; Corlett (1970) illustrated and referred to these structures as pseudoparaphyses. I examined material of Limacinia fernandeziana Neger from the type locality and found capnodiaceous periphysoids. I also found these sterile elements in Florida collections of Treubiomyces pulcherrimus von Hoehnel; this observation was confirmed by Pohlad (1977). My examinations of neotropical collections indicated that the Capnodium type of periphysoid is also produced in ascocarps of Limacinula javanica (Zimmerman) von Hoehnel, L. musicola (Batista) Reynolds, and L. Samoensis von Hoehnel. Earlier, I (Reynolds, 1975) reported “periphyses" in the centrum of L. samoensis. After studying ascocarps produced in pure culture, I found that the maturing asci were Separated’ by, *. « .interascal strands) <> «6.3! ) wale originated, “. . .in the same manner as do paraphysoids (Luttrell, 1965), i.e. correspond to the compressed tissue of Pseudosphaeria centrum fide von Hoehnel .. .” I found that these tissue strands eventually disintegrated, and the hymenium occupied a single chamber within the asco- carp. I suggest that my earlier interpretation of the Limacinula ascocarp was biased by study of those produced in an artificial culture environment; more observations from naturally occurring ascocarps would have shown the extensive periphysoids in species of this genus. The bitunicate ascus is generally recognizable by an apical configuration termed “"nasse apicale” by M. Chadefaud and explained by Reynolds (1971). The separat- ion of the endoascus of the ascus wall from the exoascus also confirms the presence of a bitunicate ascus, but is not often observed. Aside from a lighter blue intensity produced by the Kohn-Korf or KOH-iodine protocol (Kohn and Korf, 1975) for a positive reaction, the 130 year-old material I examined of C. salicinum was typical of that I have observed in other, neotropical foliicolous Ascomycete species. The wall of the young ascus stains more intensely than does the more mature endoascus. I am convinced that only the exoascus is Kohn-Korf positive. Penetration of iodine through the thickened ascus wall is evidenced by the accumulation of iodine in cytoplasm of an ascus with immature spores, and in spores. The anamorphic state is regarded as incertus because of lack of positive proof that an anamorphosis is present in the life cycle of C. salicinum. Acceptable criteria of positive proof of pleomorphism are (1) spore- to-spore cultivation in pure culture, (2) spore germination to produce a different type of spore form in pure culture, (3) use of a chronologically obtained series of collections from a single locale to analyze fruit body development. None of these criteria was met with the material at hand. Positive proof of alternate reproductive modes of the holomorphosis has been the focus of taxon definition only in contemporary work. By contrast, the genus Capnodium was conceived in 1849 from a teliomorphosis and anamorphoses which had no demonstrated life cycle relationships. Prime taxonomic significance in this historical taxon was given to general appearance of the fungi comprising the leaf surface colony. Arnoud (1911) wrote of Capnodium that the habitat, “. . .has no systematic value in most cases. It generally depends on the condition of the environment. The result was the formation of a heterogenous group.” The original grouping together of discordant elements was perpetuated by other 19th-century mycologists including Berkeley and Desmazieres (1849}, Saccardo (1882, 1892), and Ellis and Everhart (1890). The name of the genus and its type species have been variously applied, but Withea distinct’ limitation to certains=sooty mold fungi. Although the holomorphosis was based on a type consisting of discordant reproductive elements, the ascocarp is easily identifiable. I use discordant in a reproductive sense to indicate that the teliomorphosis has not been unquestionably proven to be associated holomorphically with any anamorpho- sis. The name Capnodium stands, with C. salicinum Montagne emend. Reynolds as its type. Measurements were 504 Capnodium salicinum. Camera lucida drawing from type material. A. Sketch in Montagne packet of fruit body. B. p., SL fies,, im S>, 1977 osPubl 7 destiolog gie Ouverte, A. Bouillon, Croix du Sud 5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique. Prax FB Y50.-. Exposé méthodologique de démonstrations ayant les champignons pour objet et destinées a l'enseignement préuniversitaire ou universi- taire de niveau sous-gradué, dans le cadre des cours de biologie géné- rale, de cryptogamie et de microbiologie. Sans ambition de couvrir tous les aspects de la mycologie, ni d'approfondir une connaissance systéma- tique des champignons, ce livre veut introduire 1'étudiant aux princi- pales techniques microbiologiques qui lui permettront d'observer et de cultiver les champignons et en particulier les levures et les moisissures. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL SCANNING MICROSCOPY, par M.A. HAYAT, 323 pz, 54 figs., in 8°; 1977: University Park Press, Chamberuca: Commerce Bld, Baltimore, Md 21202, USA. Prix $ 14.95. L'auteur, une autorité en ce domaine, expose de maniére simple et concise autant les méthodegde routine que les méthodes nouvelles ou modi- fiées utilisées dans la microscopie SEM d'objets biologiques. I1 en compare les avantages et les inconvénients, dans le but de recommander celles qui permettent d'atteindre les meilleurs résultats dans 1'obser- vation de la topographie des cellules et des tissus. Le livre, bien qu' adapté au non-initié, eut été plus démonstratif s'il eut été plus abon- damment illustré. Ce livre sera certainement utile au mycologue ayant accés Aa un équipement SEM. Sy as OPERE DI LOUIS PASTEUR, par Onorato VERONA, trad. et introd., in Coll. Classici della Scienza, L. Geymonat, édit., 1024 p., 10 pls. hors texte, relié, 1972. Unione Tipografico Editrice Tovanese «vlorino, Italia. Prix Losl5,000:.=. L'oeuvre de Louis Pasteur ne peut étre oubliée. Les études de Pasteur sur les ferments de la biére et du vin, qui l'ont conduit a mettre au point la méthode des cultures pures (axéniques) et de la stéri- lisation par la vapeur, ont permis non seulement une réfutation indis- cutable des théories fantaisistes des "polymorphistes" mais aussi la défense des principes taxonomiques dans la distinction des espéces des champignons par leur culture en milieux normalisés. C'est de cette dette que nous devons a Pasteur que le Professeur Verona s'est admira- blement acquitté en traduisant et en commentant dans sa langue les oeuvres du savant francais, qu'il présente dans un livre richement relié. REVIEWERS The Co-Editors express their appreciation ‘to the following individuals who have reviewed one or more of the papers in this. volume prior to, publication. C. J. ALEXOPOULOS AMMIRATI BARR BIGELOW BATRA CRANE CULBERSON CUMMINS . EMBREE RIKSSON ESCOBAR GILBERTSON GINNS GOOS GRAND HAINES HALE, JR. ° Se eis Gah amiss) GP Peel CE tO i St i R. T. HANLIN J. W. PADEN G. C. HUGHES R. H. PETERSEN S. J. HUGHES DY Ho PRISTER P. JAMES J. D. ROGERS S. C. JONG A. Y. ROSSMAN J. W. KIMBROUGH R. SINGER L. M. KOHN L. J. SPIELMAN R. F. N. LANGDON B.D SST EWART H. J. LARSEN D. BE. STUNEZ M. J. LARSEN B.C. SUTTON G. L. LAUNDON PH. BS TALBOF J. D. LAWREY H. Di. THIBRS A. E. LIBERTA EB. Es TYGUIKI F, F, LOMBARD Pio. VERGEER D. MALLOCH C. J. K. WANG T. NASH A. L. WELDEN ERRATA (VOLUME 6) Page 220, lead 18(17): for broteriana read albo-velatum 420, line 18: for Susan M. Gruff read Susan C. Gruff Sptne 6(3): for October-December 1977 read January-March 1978 Page 47, S45, Ae fon oor SiOx > for “for : for : for “ELOr for cor - £0r ror 1 for aor. : for : for ator cecor 20% for ERRATA (VOLUME 7) glabratula (Lamy) read glabra (Schaer.) emeleita read emtleta apteculata read aptculatula O. aurtcula read Otidea aurtcula erouant read crouantt cervina read cervarta TU read UT persoonta read persoontt plachonts read planchonis umbrarum read umbrorum stercortus read stercoreus boudterit read boudtiert echtnata read echtnatum echtnatum read echtnata uniserriate read uniseriate HOOGSHAGENI read HOOGSHAGENII weldent read weldentt Setrrophragma read Setrrhophragma 21: for pulechellus read pulchella saeptartum read septartum 400-408 (throughout): for Raitviir read Raitviir col. 2: under Peziza add domiciliana 73; 534, AUTHOR INDEX ABDULLAH, SAMIR K. & S. S. RATTAN. Zygopleurage, Tripterosporella and Podospora (Sordariaceae: Pyrenomycetes) in Iraq 102-116 ADAMS, P.B., see UECKER, AYERS §& ADAMS ALCORN, J. L. Setosphaerta monoceras sp. nov., ascigerous state of Exser- ohtlum monoceras 411-414 AMMIRATI, JOSEPH F. § ALEXANDER H. SMITH. Studies in the genus Cortinart- us, IV: Section Dermocybe, new North American species 256-264 AYERS, W. A., see UECKER, AYERS §& ADAMS BLACKWELL, MEREDITH §& ANDREW BUSARD. The use of pigments as a taxonomic character to distinguish species of the Trichiaceae (Myxomycetes) 61-67 BURDSALL, HAROLD H., JR. & ORSON K. MILLER, JR. Notes on the genus Pa- nellus 511-514 BURDSALL, H. H., JR., O. K. MILLER, JR. & K. A. NISHIJIMA. Morphological and mating system studies of a new taxon of Hertctum (Aphyllophorales, Hericiaceae) from the southern Appalachians 1-9 BURDSALL, HAROLD H., JR. §& KAREN K. NAKASONE. Taxonomy of Phanerochaete chrysorhizon and Hydnum omnitvorum 10-22 BUSARD, ANDREW, see BLACKWELL §& BUSARD CRANE, J. L., see SHEARER §& CRANE DENISON, WILLIAM C., see LARSEN §& DENISON DISSING, HENRY §& RICHARD P. KORF. Peztza umbiltcata Karsten, an older but unavailable name for Pezgtza ostracoderma, apothecial peat mould 58- 60 DYKO, B. J. & B. C. SUTTON. Ftlosporella, an earlier name for Coeloan- gutllospora 323-326 EGAN, ROBERT S. A new Mexican species in the lichen genus Everntastrum Hale (Parmeliaceae) 55-57 ESSLINGER, THEODORE L. A new status for the brown Parmeltae 45-54 ESSLINGER, THEODORE L. Studies in the lichen family Physciaceae. II. The genus Phaeophyscta in North America 283-320 FURUYA, KOUHEI, see UDAGAWA §& FURUYA GILBERTSON, R. L., see MARTIN § GILBERTSON GRUFF, SUSAN C., see KORF § GRUFF GUPTA, N. N., see MISRA & GUPTA GUZMAN, GASTON. A new species of Panaeolus from South America 221-224 GUZMAN, GASTON. The species of Pstlocybe known from Central and South America 225-255 GUZMAN, G. & E. HORAK. A new species of Pstlocybe (belonging to the P. erobula-group) from Argentina 521-522 GUZMAN, GASTON & STEVEN H. POLLOCK. A new bluing species of Pstlocybe from Florida, U.S.A. 373-376 GUZMAN, GASTON & ALEXANDER H. SMITH. Three new species of Pstlocybe from the Pacific Northwest in North America 515-520 HALE, MASON E., JR. Studies in the lichen family Thelotremataceae. 4. 377-392 HENNEBERT, G. L. Revue des Livres 436-440; 523-525 HENSSEN, A., G. KEUCK §& B. RENNER. A new Wephroma species from South A- merica 357-370 HJORTSTAM, KURT & KARL-HENRIK LARSSON. Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomy- cetes) II 117-124 HJORTSTAM, KURT & LEIF RYVARDEN. Notes on Corticiaceae (Basidiomycetes) III 407-410 HOLM, LENNART. Two controversial discomycete names 139-140 HOOG, G: S., DE & G. MORGAN-JONES. Notes on hyphomycetes. XXIII. Para- phaeotsaria alabamensts gen. et sp. nov. 133-138 HORAK, E., see GUZMAN & HORAK As) JENKINS, DAVID T. A study of Amanita types I. Taxa described by C. H. Peck 23-44 JENKINS, DAVID T. A study of Amanita types II. A. ocreata Peck 371-372 KALYANASUNDARAM, INDIRA. Dtdymium flexuosum: an SEM study 125-129 KEUCK, G., see HENSSEN, KEUCK §& RENNER KORF, RICHARD P. Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Lastobelontum, E- rtoscypha and Ertoscyphella 399-406 KORF, RICHARD P. Revisionary studies in the Arachnopezizoideae: a mono- graph of the Polydesmieae 457-492 KORF, RICHARD P. Nomenclatural notes. XI. Acceptable generic typifica- tions by Clements §& Shear and non-typifications by Saccardo 493-500 KORF, RICHARD P., see DISSING §& KORF KORF, RICHARD P. § SUSAN C. GRUFF. Discomycetes Exsiccati, fasc. II § ITI 185-203 KORF, RICHARD P., R. N. SINGH §& V. P. TEWARI. Geocoryne, a new genus of discomycetes from Macaronesia and India 141-151 LARSEN, HAROLD J., JR. & WILLIAM C. DENISON. A checklist of the opercu- late cup-fungi (Pezizales) of North America west of the Great Plains 68-90 LARSSON, KARL-HENRIK, see HJORTSTAM §& LARSSON LAUNDON, G. F. Septorta exottea 419-422 LICHTWARDT, ROBERT W. §& J.-F. MANIER. Validation of the Harpellales and Asellariales 441-442 LOWY, B. A new Tremella from Mexico 218-220 MAJEWSKI, TOMASZ §& JERZY WISNIEWSKI. Records of parasitic fungi of the "Thaxteriolae" group on subcortical mites 508-510 MANIER, J.-F., see LICHTWARDT §& MANIER MARTIN, K. J. & R. L. GILBERTSON. Synopsis of wood-rotting fungi on spruce in North America: II 337-356 McGINNIS, MICHAEL R. §& A. A. PADHYE. Cladosporium castellanit is a syno- nym of Stenella araguata 415-418 MILLER, ORSON K., JR., see BURDSALL §& MILLER MILLER, 0. K., JR., see BURDSALL, MILLER § NISHIJIMA MISRA, P. C. & N. N. GUPTA. Studies on Dimargaritaceae (Mucorales) I. Tteghemtomyces and Disptra from India 204-208 MORGAN-JONES, G. Notes on hyphomycetes. XXII. Phaeotsartopsts bambustco- la sp. nov. 130-132 MORGAN-JONES, G. Notes on hyphomycetes. XXIV. Phtalophora ptntcola sp. nov. and Phtalophora bubaktt 327-332 MORGAN-JONES, G. Notes on hyphomycetes. XXV. Concerning Eversta subopaca 333-336 MORGAN-JONES, G., see HOOG §& MORGAN-JONES MORRIS, EVERETT F. Belizian hyphomycetes 265-274 NAKASONE, KAREN K., see BURDSALL § NAKASONE NISHIJIMA, K. A., see BURDSALL, MILLER §& NISHIJIMA PADHYE, A. A., see McGINNIS §& PADHYE PETERSEN, RONALD H., see WOLFE §& PETERSEN PFISTER, DONALD H. Type studies in the genus Pegiza. II. Operculate dis- comycetes described by J. B. Ellis and co-authors 97-101 PFISTER, DONALD H. Type studies in the genus Pegiza III. Operculate dis- comycetes collected by W. R. Gerard 209-213 PFISTER, DONALD H. Type studies in the genus Pegiza IV. Species describ- ed by PF. E.. Clements 214-217 POLLOCK, STEVEN H., see GUZMAN §& POLLOCK RATTAN, S. S., see ABDULLAH §& RATTAN RENNER, B., see HENSSEN, KEUCK §& RENNER REYNOLDS, DON R. Foliicolous Ascomycetes 2: Capnodium saltetnwm Montagne emend. 501-507 529 ROSSMAN, AMY Y. Podonectrta, a genus in the Pleosporales on scale in- sects 163-182 RYVARDEN, LEIF, see HJORTSTAM & RYVARDEN SESHADARI, V. S. §& CHARLES GARDNER SHAW. Validity of Muelleromyces vart- tsporus (Died.) Ullasa and Kamatella longipedicellata (T. S. §& K. Rama- kr.) Ullasa 453-456 SHAW, CHARLES GARDNER, see SESHADARI §& SHAW SHEARER, C. A. §& J. L. CRANE. The distribution of Nats tnornata, a fa- cultative marine Ascomycete 443-452 SHERWOOD, MARTHA A. Sectrrhta ftlteina comb. nov. (Ascomycetes; Dothide- ales) 321-322 SINGH, R. N., see KORF, SINGH §& TEWARI SMITH, ALEXANDER H., see AMMIRATI §& SMITH, see GUZMAN §& SMITH SUN, SHOU-KUNG, see YEN & SUN SUTTON, B. C., see DYKO & SUTTON TEWARI, V. P., see KORF, SINGH § TEWARI UDAGAWA, SHUN-ICHI § KOUHEI FURUYA. A new species of Mtcroascus and its peculiar conidial state 91-96 UECKER, F. A., W. A. AYERS & P. B. ADAMS. A new hyphomycete on sclerotia of Selerotinta selerottorum 275-282 WALKER, J. The case for Uromyces trtfoltt 423-435 WISNIEWSKI, JERZY, see MAJEWSKI § WISNIEWSKI WOLFE, CARL B., JR. §& RONALD H. PETERSEN. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the supraspecific taxa of Porphyrellus 152-162 YEN, JO-MIN §& SHOU-KUNG SUN. Etude sur les champignons parasites du sud- est asiatique. 31. Les Cercospora de Formose. IV 393-397 550 INDEX TO FUNGOUS AND LICHEN TAXA This index includes genera, infrageneric taxa, species, and intLaspecuricat axan New taxa are in CAPITALS, and the pages where they are published are in italies; new suprageneric taxa are in TTALIC CALITAIS. Abortiporus 339; borealis 339 Acariniola 508; basalipunctata 508, 509; subbasalipunctata 508, 509 Acrodictys erecta 266; globulosa 266 Acrogenospora sphaerocephala 266 Agaricus chlorinosmus 27; muscarius var albus 33; var major 34; var minor 24, 29%, 542 navalis S53 russuloides 40: spretus 41; volvatus 43 Aleuria 97; aphanodictyon 79; aurantia UN, GIS Cosuinice Os sleniler PADLS aes nana 79 Aleurina atrovinosa 209; stipitata 210 ALLANTOPARMELIA 45, 46; ALMQUISTII 46; ALPICOLA 46; SIBERICA 46 Amanita 23, 24, 39, 371; abrupta 24; bi- volvata 25; calyptrata var albescens 25; calyptratoides 26; candida 27; chlo- rinosma 27; crenulata 28, 29; elongata 29> flavoconia Sst trostrana 24, 29° 34, 35; var pallidipes 29, 30; glabri- ceps 30; limbatula 39; magnivelaris 31; morrisii 32; multisquamosa 32; muscaria 34; var alba 33; nivalis 35; ocreata 371; parcivolvata 36; peckiana 37; phalloides var striatula 37; prai- riicola 38; pusilla 39; radicata 40; rhopalopus 40; russuloides 40; spreta 41; submaculata 42; velosa 42; volvata 43 Amanitopsis parcivolvata 36; pulverulen- ta 39; velosa 42; volvata var elongata 43 Amylocystis 340; lapponica 340 Anaptychia 299; bryorum 299 Anellaria 223 Anguillospora 323; longissima 323, 324; pulchella 324, 325; virginiana 324, 325 Anthracobia macrocystis 79, 195; melalo- ma 79; muelleri 79; nitida 79 Aphelaria 391; complanata 391; flabella- ta 391; PORTENTOSA 391 Apiosporina 460; morbosa 482 Apiosporium salicinum 505 Aposphaeria 498 Arachnopeziza 461-463, 468, 469 ARACHNOPEZIZOIDEAE 463 Ascobolus albidus 70; boudieri 70; bras- sicae 70; carbonarius 70; denudatus ZO dotdittornis oO, toliacolaw/ la tur= furaceus 71, 195; geophilus 71; immer- SUS / dis el onatddseyeleemna Chaudaaees le nodulosporus 71; sacciferus 71; scati- genus 71; viridis 71; xylophilus 71 Ascocoryne 141-143 ASELLARIALES 442 Aspergillus niger 266 Athelia 118 Athelopsis viridula 118, 120, 121 Belonidium 401, 458, 459; subg Arachnope- ziza 401; subg Belonidium 401; subg Eu- Belonidium 401; subg Lasiobelonium 400, 401; subg Phaeobelonidium 399, 401, 404; subg Podobelonium 401; aeruginosum 399, 401, 458; pruinosum 458, 459, 477, 479; subcarneum 459 Belonium 458, 459, 494; pineti 494, 495; pruinosum 459, 478 Beltrania rhombica 267 Bihara 416; vangueriae 416 Bipolaris 411 Bisporella 479; discedens 479 Bjerkandera 339; adusta 340 Boletus subg Austroboletus 153, 158, 160, Gk dictyotusel S55 los, los hol aon gipes 154, 158, 160 Bondarzewia 339, 342; berkeleyi 342; mon- tana 342 Botryodiplodia variispora 455 .. Botryotinia calthae 186, 187; squamosa 187 Boudiera marginata 86 BREVICELLICIUM 7177, 118; EXILE 118-120; OLIVASCENS 117-119, 120; VIRIDULUM 117, INS, L2G Byssocorticium atrovirens 410; EFIBULATUM 407, 410; pulchrum 410 Byssonectria aggregata 79, 186, 196; fu- sispora 186, 196; tetraspora 79 Cadophora obscura 329 Calloria 458 Calocera 389 Caloscypha fulgens 80 Calycella 498, 499 Capnodium 501-504; sect Eucapnodium 504; salicinum 501-505 Cenangium acuum 203; atropurpureum 202; ferruginosum 202 Ceratosporium fuscescens 281 Cercospora 393, 394, 416; atrofiliformis 394; longipes 394, 395; rubropurpurea 394; saccharicola 394; taiwanensis 394; vaginae 394; WHALIANENSIS 393-395 Cercosporella 494; persica 494 Chaetomium 204, 206 Cheilymenia ciliata 212; coprinaria 80, 196; crucipila 80; pulcherrima 80; ra- ripila 80; stercorea 80, 212; thelebo- loides 80, 196, 197 Cheiromycella annulata 333 Chromelosporium fulvum 58; ollare 58 Ciboria 140; acerina 186, 188; bolaris 188; peckiana f peckiana 188 Ciliatula 142 Ciliolarina 486 Circinella 206 Cladosporium 415, 416; araguatum 415, 416; castellanii 415 Clavaria archeri 386-388; aurantia 387, 388; complanata 391; geoglossoides 391; kalchbrenneri 389; lorithamnus 387-389; miltina 389; muelleri 387, 389; portentosa 390, 391; tasmanica 387, 391; vermicularis 390 Clavulina 391 Clavulinopsis 388, 390; amoena 388; gra- cillima 388; maricola 388; miniata 388 Clonostachys cylindrospora 267 Cochliobolus 411; heterostrophus 414 Codinaea assamica 267 Coeloanguillospora 323; appalachiensis BS, SAS Cokeromyces recurvatus 205, 206 Conohypha 118 Cookeina 186, 197; sulcipes 197; tricho- loma 99 Coprobia granulata 80 Coprotinia minutula 186, 190 Corpotus aurora 80; breviascus 80; dex- trinoideus 80; glaucellus 80; granuli- formis 80; leucopocillum 80; luteus 81; ochraceus 81; sexdecimsporus 81; winteri 81 Cordyceps 266 Coriolellus 338, 342; ALASKANUS 343; carbonarius 342; heteromorphus 343; sepium 343; serialis 343; variiformis 343 Coriolus 342, 343; pubescens 344; versi- color 344 Corticium albocremeum 118; exile 117, 118; sulphurellum 120 Cortinarius 256; sect Dermocybe 256, 262, 263; aurantiobasis 263; CASCADEN- SHS) Ax, 45 AI, Av, ors Cixxeco folius 259; humboldtensis 256, 259, 7625) VOAHOENSIS 256), (2605) 26255205: incognitus 256; olivaceopictus 259; semisanguineus 262; zakii 259, 263 Corynella 458 Corynespora leptoderridicola 267; siwa- lika 267 Crepidotus bicolor 265 Cristella mutabilis 119 Cronartium quercuum 133; f sp fusiforme UES SPAIL, SYS) Cryptodiscus 377 Cryptoporus 340; volvatus 340 Cryptosphaeria eunomia 479 Cubonia bulbifera 86 Curvularia lunata 267 Cystodendron 479 Daedaleopsis 341; confragosa 341 Dasyscypha 139 Dasyscyphella 403; miniopsis 469 Dasyscyphus 139, 399, 400, 403-405, 458; apalus 402; borealis 399, 400, 403; GLOBULARIS 402; KRIEGERIANUS 404; rha- phidophorus 402, 404 DOL Datronia 341; mollis 341 Dematioscypha 486 Dendryphion nanum 267 Dermea 489 Desmazierella acicola 69 Dialonectria coccicola 167 Diatrype 460, 479, 482; stigma 479 Diatrypella favacea 479 Dichomitus 341; squalens 341 Dictyoarthrinium sacchari 268 Dictyosporium heptasporum 268; zeylanicum 268 Didymium 126; flexuosum 125-128; iridis 66; parietale 126; serpula 126 Dimargaris 204 Diplodia 454; longipedicellata 454, 455; variispora 453-455 Dirinaria 284 Discina 142; apiculatula 76; cinerophila 58, 60; larryi 76; leucoxantha 76; ma- crospora 76; melaleuca 76; olympiana 76; perlata 76; repanda subsp stephen- soniana 99; umbilicata 59, 60 Disciotis venosa 75 Dispira 204, 205; cornuta 204, 206; sim- plex 204-206 Drechslera 411; chloridis 411; hawaiien- sis 411 Dufourea ryssolea 52 Endophragmia canadensis 280; dimorphospo- ra 28 Endophragmiella canadensis 280 Epiglia 458 Erinella 403, 404, 470; miniopsis 469; rhabdocarpa 405 Erinellina 470; miniopsis 469 Eriopezia 457, 458, 462-464, 484; caesia 463, 464; microspora 457, 482, 483; ro- seolo-tincta 457, 484, 485; SAMUELSITI 457, 463, 464, 466 Erioscypha 399, 403-405; calospora 404; cognata 404; kriegeriana 399, 403, 404; miniopsis 404, 469; subcorticalis 404 Erioscyphella 399, 404, 405; bambusina 405; longispora 405 Everniastrum 55, 57; arsenei 57; limae- forme 57; MEXICANUM 55, 56; neocirrha- tum 55, 57; pachydermum 56, 57 Eversia subopaca 333-336 Exophiala 133, 136 Exosporium ampullaceum 268; phyllantheum 268 Exserohilum 411; frumentaceum 411; halo- des 411; monoceras 411, 412; rostratum 411; turcicum 414 Filosporella 323, 324; annelidica 323- 325; aquatica 323-325 Fimaria cervaria 81, 197; hepatica 81; porcina 81 Fomitopsis 338, 344; annosa 345; cajan- deri 344; officinalis 344; pinicola 345; rosea 344 Fumago sect Polychaeton 504; citri 501, 505 Soe Galactinia 59, 214; atrovinosa 209; cristulata 209; ionella 211; succosel- la 2172 varidatinctaaZ ly Ganoderma 337, 338, 345; applanatum 345; oregonense 345; tsugae 345 Geneosperma 186, 201 Genistella 441 GEOCORYNE 141, 142, 151; EXOGLOEA 141, 143-145, 151; VARIISPORA 141, 142, 146, W4'S ee US Ok Lo: Geopora clausa 81; cooperi 81 Geopyxis 212; brachypus 97; carbonaria 81; majalis 81; pulchra 212; vulcanalis Sipe 202 Gloeophyllum 338, 345; sepiarium 345; trabeum 346 Gloeoporus 340; dichrous 340 Grandinia mutabilis 119 Gyromitra ambigua 76; brunnea 86; cali- fornica 77; caroliniana 77; esculenta He seeisestealenes) 7/3 juslueis, YR anaes 9/7 Gyrothrix circinata 268 Hapalopilus 338; nidulans 338 Harpella melusinae 441 HARPELLALES 442 Harpographium fasciculatum 268 Helicoma intermedium 269 Helicosporium aureum 269 Helminthosporium monoceras 412, 414 Helotium 479; pruinosum 458, 470, 477 Helvella 87; sect Macropodes 97; acetabu- luni775 Lose) albelilas / je albipes /iieaa— tra 77; brevissima 77; connivens 77; corium (77s costiteral/77>)cerispa 763. \cu— pliformis 78; elastica 78; ephippium 78; fusca 78; lacunosa 78; leucomelaena 78; leucopus 78; macropus 78; maculata 78; oregonensis 86; pezizoides 78; phi- lonotis 78; queletii 78; solitaria 78; stevensii 79; villosa 79 Hemitrichia calyculata 63-65; clavata 63- 65; serpula 63-65 Hericium 1; "abietis 1373, 458593" coral- loides 1, 3; erinaceum 1, subsp ERINACEO-ABIETIS 1, 9; ramosum 1, 3 Heteroplegma 214, 215; caeruleum 214, 215; crenatum 216 Hirschioporus 340, 346; abietinis 346; laciniatus 338, 346 Humaria cestrica 97; gerardii 211; hemi- sphaerica 81; ionella 211; macrospora 86; olivatra 98; orthotricha 98; sac- cardoi 86; trachyderma 99; turbinata 86 Humarina axillaris 86; coccinea 86; ge- rardii 211; ochroleuca 87; orthotricha 87, 98; purpurea 87; trachyderma 99 Hyaloscypha 457, 485; dematiicola 486; HERBICOLA 485, 486 Hydnophlebia 12; chrysorhiza 12 Hydnum chrysorhizon 10-12; fragillissi- mum 14; granulosum var mutabile 119; Cunmuntonmben MDa) Tb Iss byes NS) Hydrocybe hondurensis 265 3 Sp Nao 3, 4, 6 Hyphoderma 118; albocremeum 118; clavi- gerum 121, 123; setigerum 123; SUBCLA- VIGERUM L775 i2ie 125 Hypochnicium 124 Hypocrella turbinata 265 Hypoxylon 460, 481, 482 Imbricaria pokornyi 52 Iodophanus carneus 71; testaceus 71 Totidea 214 Ischnoderma 341; resinosum 341 Jafnea 211; fusicarpa 198, 210; imaii 186, 200; semitosta 98, 199 Jafneadelphus asperulus var asperulus 199; ferrugineus subsp imaii 186, 200 Kamatella indica 455; longipedicellata 453-455; VARIISPORA 453, 455 Kernia 94 Lachnea 496; subg Humaria 496; subg Sar- coscypha 499; sect? a. Eu-Humaria 496; sect? a. Pseudoplectania 499; auranti- opsis 97; fusicarpa 210; hainesii 98; scubalonta 212; scutellata 496 Lachnella 400, 403, 498; microspora 483; tricolor var microspora 483, 484 Lachnellula 457, 484; microspora 484; pulveracea 484 Laetiporus 339; sulphureus 339 Lambertella corni-maris 186, 189; hicori- ae 186, 189; jasmini 186, 189; micro- spora 186, 190; minutula 186, 190; pal- lidispora 186, 190 Lamprospora crec'hqueraultii 81; crouanii 82; macracantha 200; ovalispora 200; polytrichina 82; spinulosa 82 Lanzia LONGIPES 185, 191; LUTEO-VIRESCENS Aeros, INS) Lasiobelonis 399, 401, 402 Lasiobelonium 399-404, 457, 461, 462; a- moenum 399, 401, 461; aquilinellum 401- 403, 457, 461, 469; dumontii 402, 457, 460, 461, 470; globulare 402; lachnel- loides 403; lachnoides 403; miniopsis 402, 403, 457, 461, 469; subflavidum 399, 400, 403; torrentium 403 Lasiobolus ciliatus 82; macrotrichus 82; pilosus 87; ruber 82 Lasiosphaeria larvaespora 163, 171 Lecanora nigricans 312 Legeriomyces 441 Lentinus subscyphoides 265 Leptosphaeria 397; KUANGFUENSIS 393, 396, 397; sacchari 397; taiwanensis 397 Leptotrema 382; AFRICANUM 377, 382, 383; MAMMICULUM 377, 382, 383 Leucoloma gerardii 211 Leucoscypha 87; hetieri 82; rutilans 82 Lichen 283; acetabulum 47; ciliatus 297; olivaceus 48; orbicularis 312; stygius 47 Limacinia fernandeziana 502; juniperi 502 Limacinula 502; javanica 502; musicola 502; samoensis 502 Macropodia fusicarpa 210 Margarinomyces 331; bubakii 329, 331, 352 Martinia panamaensis 191 Martininia panamaensis 186, 191 MELANELIA 46; subg MELANELIA 46; subg OLIVASCENTES 47; subg VAINIOELLAE 47; ACETABULUM 47; ALBERTANA 47; CALVA 475 DISJUNCTA 46; ELEGANTULA 47; EXASPER- ATA 47; EXASPERATULA 47; FUSCOSOREDI- ATA 47; GLABRA 47; GLABRATULA 47 (lap- sus), 48; GLABRATULOIDES 48; GLABROI- DES 48; HALEI 48; HUEI 48; INFUMATA 48; KOFLERAE 47; LACINIATULA 48; MUL- TISPORA 48; OLIVACEA 48; OLIVACEOIDES 48; PANNIFORMIS 46; PILIFERELLA 48; PREDISJUNCTATA 47; PSEUDOGLABRA 48; SEPTENTRIONALIS 48; SOREDIOSA 47; STYGIA 46, 47; SUBARGENTIFERA 48; SUB- AURIFERA 48; SUBELEGANTULA 48; SUBGLA- BRA 48; SUBOLIVACEA 49; SUBSTYGIA 47; TRABECULATA 49; USHUAIENSIS 49; VILLO- SELLA 49; ZOPHEROA 49 Melanographium cookei 269 Melanopsamma 444 Melastiza chateri 82; rubra 82 Melogramma spiniferum 479 Metatrichia vesparium 64, 65 Microascus 91; giganteus 94; INOPINATUS 91-95; pyramidus 94; singularis 96; trigonosporus 94 Microstoma protracta 70 Miladina lechithina 82 Mniacea 458 Monilinia seaveri 192; vaccini-corymbosi 192 Morchella angusticeps 75; crassipes 75; elata 76; esculenta 76; semilibera 76; smithii 86 Mucor 206 Muelleromyces indicus 453-455; varii- sporus 453-455 Mycena hondurensis 265 Mycoacia chrysorhiza 12 Mycoarctium ciliatum 82 Mycocentrospora 323 Myriangium duriaei 165 Myriosclerotinia caricis-ampullacea 192; longisclerotialis 186, 193; scirpicola 193 Naematoloma 250; caerulescens 239; eri- caceus 250; subumbonatescens 250; tor- tipes 230, 250 Nais inornata 443-446, 448, 450 Nannfeldtiella aggregata 69 Nectria 163; carnea 457, 484, 485; coc- cicola 167, 170; episphaeria 478; flammea 165, 170; rousseliana 485 Nectriella 485; carnea 484 NEOFUSCELIA 46, 49; subg ATROVIRIDIS 53; subg NEOFUSCELIA 49; ADPICTA 49; AHTII 49; APPLICATA 49; ATROVIRIDIS 53; AT- TICA 49; ATTICOIDES 49; BRATTII 49; BRUNELLA 50; CAFFERENSIS 50; CALIGINO- SA 50; CHIRICAHUENSIS 53; CONTURBATA 55:3 50; CRUSTULOSA 50; DELISEI 50; DREGEANA 50; EPHEBOIDES 50; ERYTHROCARDIA 50; FISSURINA 50; FOVEOLATA 50; GLABRANS 50; IMITATRIX 50; INCANTATA 50; INCOMPOSITA 50; INFRAPALLIDA 50; KENYANA 52; LICHEN- OIDEA 51; LINEELLA 51; LORILOBA 51; LOX- ODELLA 51; LOXODES 52; LUTEONOTATA 57; MARTINII 51; MELANCHOLICA 52; MELANOBAR- BATICA 51; MINUTA 51; NAKURENSIS 51; NA- MAENSIS 52; OCCIDENTALIS 52; PARVILOBA 61; PELOLOBA 527; PETRISEDA 52; PICTADA 52; PLANA 52; POKORNYI 52; PROLIXULA 52; PULLA 52; PULLOIDES 52; PUSTULOSA 52; PYRENAICA 52; RYSSOLEA 52; SCABRELLA 52; SERPULINA 52; SPESICA 52; SQUAMANS 52; SQUAMARTATA 52; STYGIOIDES 52; SUBHISS- WANA 52; SUBIMITATRIX 53; SUBINCERTA 53; SUBVERRUCELLA 53; TATIMIRIX 53; TENTA- CULINA 58; TRACHYTHALLINA 53; VERISIDI- OSA 53; VERRUCELLA 53; VERRUCULIFERA 53; WAIPORIENSIS 538 Neotiopezis sclerothrix 87 Neournula pouchetii 69 Nephroma 357, 361, 363, 365-367, 369; arcti- cum 366, 367; cellulosum 366; chubutense 357, 358, 361, 363, 365-368; helveticum 366; kuehnemannii 357, 358, 361, 363, 365-368; MICROPHYLLUM 357, 358, 363, 365-368; resupinatum 365 Nigredo trifolii 430 Ocellularia alba 379; alborosella 377; ASTROIDEA 377, 383; DIACIDA 377, 378, 383; fecunda 379; groenhartii 378; KAR- NATAKENSIS 377, 378, 383; MINUTA 377, 579, 383; olivacea 378; papillata 380; PATWARDHANII 377, 379, 383; perforata 378 Octospora 98; leucoloma 82, 201; meslin- ii 98; rubens 82 Odontia mutabilis 117, 119; olivascens VSS 9 Ophionectria aurantii 174; coccicola 164, 167, 177; coccorum 163, 178; erinacea 181; larvaespora 171; tetraspora 174, WA Giy alas Osmoporus 342; odoratus 342 Osteina 339; obducta 339 Otidea 99; abietina 83; alutacea 83; au- ricula 79; bufonia 83; concinna 83; grandis 83; leporina 83; onotica 83; smithii 83 Oudemansiella canarii 243; platensis 243 Oxydontia chrysorhizon 12 Pachyella 87; adnata 72; babingtonii 72; clypeata 72 Panaeolus 221, 223, 250; acuminatus 223; antillarum 223, 233; convexulus 223; cyanescens 223; foenisecii 223; moel- lerianus 223; papilionaceous 223; pha- laenarum 223; retirugis 223; rickenii 223; semiovatus 233; sphrinctrinus 222; var minor 223; subbalteatus 223; uligi- nicola 223; variabilis 223; VENEZOLANUS 221-223 534 PARACHNOPEZIZA 457, 458, 461, 462, 464, 468, 470; AQUILINELLA 464, 469, 470; MINIOPSIS 464, 469, 473 PARAPHAEOISARIA 133, 136; ALABAMENSIS 133, 134, 136 Parmelia 45; subg Allantoparmelia 45, 46; subg Euparmelia 47; subg Evernii- formes 55; subg Melanoparmelia 45, 46; subg Neofusca 45, 49; sect Amphigymnia [A.] Olivascentes 47; sect Vainioélle- ae 47; adpicta 49; ahtii 49; albertana 47; almquistii 46; alpicola 46; atro- Vinwdiswos watticoidess49=. brattii1.4 95 brunella 50; cafferensis 50; caligino- sa 50; calva 47; chiricahuensis 53; conturbata 50; crustulosa 50; disjunc- ta 46; gregeana 50; endococcina 300; epheboides 50; exasperata 47; exasper- atula 47; var laciniatula 48; fissuri- na 50; foveolata 50; fuliginosa subsp glabratula 48; fuscosorediata 47; gla- brans 50; glabratuloides 48; glabroi- des 48; halei 48; hispidula 305; huei 48; imatatrix 50; incantata 50; incom- posita 50; infrapallida 50; infumata 48; kenyana 51; koflerae 47; leana 311; lichenoidea 51; lineella 51; lo- riloba 51; loxodella 51; loxodes 51; luteonotata 51; martinii 51; melan- cholica 51; melanobarbatica 51; minuta 51; multispora 48; nakurensis 51; na- maénsis 51; occidentalis 51; olivacea subsp aspidiota 47; var corticola 46; var delisei 50; var elegantula 47; var septentrionalis 48; f glabra 48; oli- vaceoides 48; parviloba 51; peloloba Slee petraseday 2m pilctadanS2 spall acer— ella 48; plana 52; predisjunctata 47; prolixa var applicata 49; var attica 49; var erythrocardia 50; f pannifor- mis 46; prolixula 52; pseudoglabra 48; pulla 52; pulloides 52; pustulosa 52; pyrenaica 52; scabrella 52; sci- astra 315; serpulina 52; siberica 46; sorediata 47; var coralloidea 46; so- rediosa 47; spesica 52; squamans 52; squamariata 52; stygia var sorediata 52; stygioides 52; subargentifera 48; subaurifera 48; var subglabra 48; subelegantula 48; subhisswana 52; sub- imitatrix 53; subincerta 53; suboliva- cea 49; substygia 47; subverrucella Dota ca Mind xaos secentvaculinaoormsera= chythallina 53; verisidiosa 53; ver- rucella 53; verruculifera 53; waipor- iensis 53 Patella contradicta 87; irregularis 87; maculosa 87; piliseta 87; sequoiae 87 Paxina compressa 87; recurva 87; semi- tosta 98; subclavipes 97 Peltigera lepidophyllum 365; praetextata 363 Periconia cookei 269; lateralis 269; mi- nutissima 269 Perrotia flammea 399, 400 Pezicula 459, 489; LINDA 457-459, 489- 491 Peziotrichum lachnellum 179 Peziza 58, 595 (412 32095) 215-2150 4008 495; subg Aleuria 499; sect? b. Plicaria 499; trib Dasyscyphae 139; abdita 100; acerina 100; acetabulum 496; alaskana 72; alboviridis 483, 484; ammophila 72; ampliaata 7/2, 990) 212; sapiculatan moymclo: aquifoliae 100; arvernensis 73; asteri- cola 100; atrovinosa 86, 98, 209, 210; aurantiopsis 97; badia 73; badioconfusa 73, 99; badiofusca 73, 215; borealis 100, 400; brachypus 97; brunneoatra 73; brunneovinosa 73, 214; caerulea 214; callochaetes 100; campanula 100; carneo- rubra 100; cazenoviae 100; cenangioides 100; cerea 73; cestrica 97; chlamydo- spora 98, 209; chlorophysa 86, 215; ci- borium 496; clavigera 100; concentrica 73; conorum 100; convoluta 86; cornuta 100; craginiana 100; crenata 216; cri- nella 100; crossota 100; culcitella 100; cyphelloides 100; dinemasporioides 100; doratophora 100; earina 100; earliana 100; echinospora 73; elaeodes 216; emil- ela 75: farrmanii 00) fametig7 soe 216: frondicola 100; fulva 58, 60; fumigata 100; fumosella 100; fuscidula 100; fusi- carpa 210; fuscocarpa 100; gaultheriae 100; gelatinosa 100; gerardii 211; gla- gosa 100; glenospora 100; griseorosea 73, 212, 217; hainesii 98; heterocarpa 100; heteromorpha 100; howsei 212; hyp- nicola 100; hystricula 100; incondita 100; incrustata 100; introviridis 100; ionella 211; latebrosa 100; limnaea 74; limosa 74; longipes 185; luteo-virescens 185; mauriatra 100; melaleucoides 87; meleagris 100; michelii 74, 214; micro- pus 74; miniopsis 100, 401, 468, 469; mycogena 100; nyssaegena 100; oeno- therae 100; oleosa 100; olivatra 98; o- notica 496; orthotricha 98; osmundae 100; ostracoderma 58, 60, 74, 210; palu- dicola 74; paulopuncta 100; petersii 74; petiolorum 186; phlegmacea 100; pineti 458; praetervisa 74; prinicola 100; pro- lifica 100; proteana 74; pulchra 212; pustulata 74; regalis 100; repanda 74, 99; retiderma 210; rhabdocarpa 100; rha- phidospora 100; rhizomorpha 98; roseoli- lacina 216; rubricosa 86; saniosa 215; scubalonta 212; scutelloirdes 99; "secreta 86; sepiatra 74; simulata 100; soleniae- formis 100; solfatara 100; spissa 74; stephensoniana 99; stictoidea 100; sub- gibbosa 100; succosa 74; sterigmatizans (5o. Semuus opel, IIe dhvwoswietS 7/55 SY)e tenella 100; theioidea 100; trachyderma 99; truncicomes 212; umbilicata 58-60; varia 75; venturioides 100; vesiculosa 755, 995) 21 53svanacear2l/ ss violaceam7 os yogoensis 100 Pezoloma 141-143 Phaeographis 380 Phaeoisaria 133, 138; clematidis 269; glauca 138 Phaeoisariopsis bambusae 130, 132; BAM- BUSICOLA 130-132; magnoliae 132 Phaeolus 338, 346; alboluteus 347; fi- brillosus 347; schweinitzii 346 Phaeopezia 497; subg Geoscyphula 496; subg Plicariella 496 Phaeophyscia 283, 286, 287, 290, 291, ZO A295), 29 1= 35005503, 304, 306, 3110; 312, 314-316; ADIASTOLA 289, 293, 312, 314, 315; CERNOHORSKYI 283, 292,294- ZOOL OO Ss cliaata 292-—297% 500) 302-304, 318; constipata 292, 298, ZI MDECOLOR] 2835 629015292), 297.299), S00 ReSlisemendococcina 291, 300, 502: ENDOCOCCINODES 283, 291, 300, 301, 302; ERYTHROCARDIA 288, 291, 300, 302; HURSUEAEZ O27 29475295), 297) 5005) 505), SPOsPHIRTELLAY2Z83, 291. (294.297, 305— 305; HIRTUOSA 304; HISPIDULA 291, 304, 805-307, 310; IMBRICATA 283, 288, 292, ZI ODOT oh OU Sa 509s) kairamoss 291292), 2942296) 50/7, 5105 S15; laciniata 289; LEANA 289, 292, 298, 311; nigricans 2959298, S123 Jorbicularis 293559 294- ZOU OR OL OLOe Sl PUSUELOLDES Zoo 2 Ole 9 5S, ol 2),olo. olds) RUBRO- PULCHRA 289, 292, 293, 312, 313-315; sciastra 292, 295, 300, 315; TRICHOPHO- RA 311 Phaeoseptoria 421 Phaeotrema 380; aggregatum 377, 380; PSO- ROMICUM 377, 380, 383; SCABRIDUM 377, 380, 383 Phanerochaete 10, 12; chrysorhizon 10-16, 20, 21; OMNIVORUM 77, 20, 21 Phialophora 327, 331; bubakii 327, 329- Soieelaonicola 527.) 55s obscuna S29. Solo ol LINDT COLANS2 755 occ Phibalis fascicukaris 202; pinastri 203; pruinosa 203 Pholiotella blattariopsis 234 Phoma 498; subg Sporonema 498 Phragmospathula phoenicis 270 Phyllosticta veronicae 420 Phymatotrichopsis omnivorum 10, 11 Phymatotrichum omnivorum 10 Physarum 66 Physedal 285, 284. 286, 287, 290; sect Obscura 284; subsect Obscura 284; "group' Obscura 284; adiostola 293; albicans 309; cernohorskyi 294; var erosa Sil0; cilvata 309: £ fibrillosa 304; £ squamulosa 309; constipata 298; crispa 309; decolor 299; denigrata ZE5nu2O0R S18 endococcinascsy,, —299n 301; endococcinodes 287, 301; erythro- cardia 302; hirsuta 302; hispidula subsp exornatula 306, 307; subsp hispi- dula 306-308; subsp limbata 306, 307; subsp primaria 306, 307; imbricata 308, 309; kairamoi 310; karakorina 310; labrata 302, 303; lacinulata 289, 308, 5092 luganensas 2845 285-5 2935, 9503, SA olLGee oly cemelanchras 283;,82855.6295;, 312, 316, 317; nadvornikii 310; nepal- SoS ensis 283,) 285. 286) 289),.92925) S83) ob- scura var erythrocardia 302; orbicula- TAS *234),) 2935) 2942 alibociigdataw2o04 -E rubropulchra 313; pusilla 313; pusil- loides 313; setosa 306; stellaris 286, 318; strigosa 294, 295; tribacia 309; tribacioides 286, 309; trichophora 289, 311; ulothrix subsp subciliaris 298 Physciopsis 284, 297; syncolla 297 Physconia 284 Pithiomyces chartarum 270 Pithya cupressina 70; vulgaris 70 Platygrapha astroidea 377 Plectania melastoma 69, 98; milleri 69; nannfeldtii 69; rhizomorphae 98; rimosa 86 Pleurophragmium simplex 270 Pilaicarida, 590.) 214+) carbonara Secon Loro— physa 215; endocarpoides 75; fulva 58, 60; plevocarpay 75s) pedicellatasZiimatra— chycarpa 75; var muricata 75; vinacea PAT Poculum PETIOLORUM 185, Podaleuris 214 Podonectria 163-165, 177-182; aurantii 163, 165, 174-177; bambusicola 181; coecicola 1635-168 70s Ale ei COC cophila 164; coccorum 164, 165, 178-180; echinata 163, 165, 172-174, 177; gahnia 163-165, 178-181; larvaespora 165, 168, 171, 173; novae-zealandica 163, 165, N66 7A 17 Ses tenuilsporamlosye Ooms lace TS weta7 7 Podosphaera 497 Podospora 102, 107; anserina 108, 109, WSS (opkeopanes. TOA TOs. WO. WIA. alAre caligata 114; communis 108, 113-115; de- cipiens 109, 110, 115; fimbriata 102, 108, 110, 111; fimicola 107; glutinans 112; inaequalis 107, 109-111; longicau- dataml0oe. 11S, ioe emnTolutcananse WO2e 108, 110-112; prethopodalis 109, 113, 114; vesticola 108, 110, 111 Polydesmia 402, 457-460, 462, 463, 470, 478, 482, 485, 488, 489; DUMONTII 461, 463, 470, 474, 475; FRUCTICOLA 457, 460, 461, 464, 475-478; herbicola 457-459, 485; pruinosa 457, 459-461, 464, 475, 477, 478, 480, 481; rosae 457-459, 487, 488 POLYDESMIEAE 463 Polypilus 339; umbellatus 339 Polyporus 339, 347; elegans 347; hirtus 347; melanopus 347; picipes 348; varius 347 Poria 337, 338, 348; albobrunnea 351; al- bolutescens 348; alpina 352; bombycina 348; carbonica 353; cinerascens 352; corticola 350; crustulina 353; eupora 351; incrassata 348; lenis 352; luteo- alba 351; mappa 349; mollusca 349; mon- ticola 349; myceliosa 349; nigrescens 350; odora 353; oleagina 353; radula 350; reticulata 350; revulosa 348; rix- osa 351; romellii 351; sericeomollis 348; simanii 349; similis 350; sinuosa 193 536 353; sitchensis 353; stellae 352; sub- acida 351; subincarnata 352; subvermi- spora 349; tarda 349; taxicola 350, terrestris 350; vaillantii 351; vitrea 350; xantha 352 Porphyrellus 152-157, 159, 160, 161; sect) Graciles 152; 153, 158, 160, 161; SCE Moigoiarciiis Nye, WSS, ikoile, sew Pseudotylopili 152-154, 158, 160, 161; SCCEPOCLO DE CUTIE INNS Sel 547 eel6 OnmeLOlne sect Tristes 152-154, 158, 161; sub- Sect. Gracin 1525) Sse Sorel oles SUDSECCE INaVeInNIs TOSee S45 Soe Loe subsect Subflavidini 153, 158, 161; SUDSECENVAIS Cid Looe O4emel Oona ole CONDCUSH LSS ulo4 wl On elOlemeracii as TS 2 els Sipe Se loOle me hONGURES S55: HOO, IONS arn; Ssh eh TUS, TNS, 161; porphyrosporus 152-154, 161; sub- PAV AUST USS aL S mel One lo liomntnsitaiss TS2=155, 15S. 1 OO Gl -evascrduseLS2= USS, Ist, we Propolis 459, 487; versicolor 488 Propolomyces 457, 459, 487; farinosus 457, 487, 488 Prospodium 265, 266; constrictum 265 Pseudoanguillospora 323 Pseudocollema cartilagineum 83 Pseudocyphellaria 368; mougeotiana var dissecta 367 Pseudodiscinella 142 Pseudohelotium 458; jerdonii 458, 477; pruinosum 458, 477 Pseudonectria 485 Pseudopithyella minuscula 70 Pseudoplectania 499; fulgens 499; melae- na 69; nigrella 69, 499 Pseudosphaeria 502 Pseudotis abietina 216 Ponikeewexs 22ile VA, “AG, Stl, S/S SS. SS 2 ee ACUDLETLEAG Chuo emec oles aggericola 226, 227, 232, 253; alneto- ION Len PON BVA SAIL, SPOS INDY PA 5 PAIN ABA PSO, OYS eivavilehes, 2217/2 angustispora 515; araucana 227; argen- tina 227, 231-233, 238, 245; aztecorum 250; DACOCYSta sal Sooo bDlattanrlop= Sle WH, BS Gel. DSS lxoliiyenes, Y5sre BRASILIENSIS 227, 2515 284, 242, 243; bullacea 227, 231, 235; CAERULEOANNU- LATA 227, 231, 235-237; caerulescens MAN Cs es PBEM Ne. PST 5 PHM pe PASAS 375, 376; caesioannulata 227; callosa 227; candidipes 253; carbonaria 228; chiliensis 228; chrysocystidiata 228; cokeriana 522; COLUMBIANA 228, 231, 237, 238, 248; collybioides 228; co- jormojoiulel AAS Pil. DI, BS, As, Beal. 242, 245, 246; cordobensis 228; crobu- laeZ4 2 ols. ele aCUbDeEnSdSmecor UPR, BEN Be, 2S, YN, PANS) SYS (N= anescens) 2595 515 DUMONTL 1223) .9231y, 240; dunicola 228; ecbola 228; fagico- lar253:3) FARINACEA 228), 2315237, 24's fimetaria 515, 520; FIMICOLA 228, 231, 241, 242, 244; flammuliformis 228; fuegiana 228; fuliginosa 250; FURTADOA- NA 228, 231, 242; heterosticha 228; hoogshagenii 228, 232, 243, 253; HORA- KII 228, 232, 242, 244; inquilina 228; juguyensis 223) LADICYSTIS ollonn oiler 519; lazoi 228; liniformis 520; luteo- nitens 237; mammilata 373; maryhae 228; mendamia e229 hue 5 le CO2n ee ORE MeSOSpOGa 229; mexicana 226, 375, 376; MOELLERI PERS COS PBN ASIN, KAS USS Sioinheeane 229, 231-233, 235, 246; muliercula 248; omniumsanctorum 229; panaeoliformis 229, 251, 238, 2463) paupera 229) pela dae 229; pelliculosa 229, 515, 520; pe- ruviana 229; PINTONII 229, 231, 247; plutonia 229; praetervisa 229; pterido- phytorum 229; pyrispora 522; scleroti- fera 229; semilanceata 229, 515, 520; var microspora 229; septembris 229; si- errae 229; singeri 239, 240; squarrosi- (SS ZO Siebinerats WSfoy5 All, Silsye Givloy— aeruginascens 251; subaeruginosa 234; SUBALNETORUM 521, 522; SUBBOREALIS 517- 519; subcoprophila 230; SUBCUBENSIS 230, 231, 239, 248; SUBFIMETARIA 518, 520; subhyperella 230; SUBYUNGENSIS 230, 231, 249, 250; TAMPANENSIS 373- 376; tortipes 230, 232, 250; URUGUAYEN- STSHZS5008 2515 25425050 ues a napensis 234, 239; valdiviensis 230; venenata 251; venezuelana 230; washing- tonensis 515, 517, 518; weldenii 239, 2A 05 WREGH WI 2 502522 7 ee colemecozes yunNgensis 2350592405 925050 252) 2oonmvan diconica 230, 253; zapetecorum 230, BSI, GEs5 C5 ZEN 2S Psilopezia nummularia 83 Psorama 368 Ptychoverpa bohemica 76 Puccinia 424, 427; arundinacea var epi- phylla 427; f a epiphylla 427; eryngii 427; magnusiana 427; nerviphila 423, 424, 427-429, 432; neurophila 427, 429, 432; phragmitis 427; trifolii 423, 424, ADO. 42745042454 Ver ati cm Pucciniola 428; nerviphila 432 Pulparia persoonii 83; planchonis 83 Pulvinula archeri 83; carbonaria 83; con- stellatio 84; convexula 84; globifera 84; laeterubra 84 Pustularia rosea 87 Puttemansia 164; aurantii 174, 177; coc- cicola 167 Pycnoporus 340; cinnabarinus 341 Pyrenophora 411 Pyronema omphalodes 84 Pyronemella 99; arenosa 99 Pyxine 284 Radulomyces 410; confluens 410 Ramaria 389; polypus 389; sinapicolor 589 mz pelle Soe Ramariopsis 389 Rhizina undulata 79 Rogersia 323, 325; annelidica 324 Rutstroemia 139, 140, 185; amentacea 140; macrospora f macrospora 188 Ryparobius pachyascus 87 Saccobolus 499; depauperatus 71; glaber 72; obscurus 86; versicolor 72 Sarcinomyces 136 Sarcoscypha coccinea 70; striispora 99 Sarcosphaera coronaria 75; crassa 75 Sarcosoma globosa 86; latahensis 69; mexicana 69 Scirrhia 321; aspidiorum 321; FILICINA $21, 322; osmundae 321 Scirrhophragma 321; osmundae 321 Scleroderris gigaspora 167, 170 Sclerotinia 140; geranii 186, 194; lon- gisclerotialis 186, 193; sclerotiorum 275-278, 280; smilacinae 186, 194 Scoleciasis 421; atkinsonii 419-422 Scoleconectria 176; coccicola 167 Scopulariopsis 92, 96; humicola 96 Scorias 502; spongiosa 502 Scutellinia 186; chaetoloma 87; erina- ceus 84; fisicarpa 210; geneospora 201; rhizomorphae 98; scubalonta 212; scutellata 84; setosa 84; trechispora 84; umbrorum 84; verrucipolaris 84 Seaverinia geranii 186, 194 Selenosporella 276, 277, 279-281; acicu- laris 280; curvispora 280; cymbiformis 280; falcata 280, 281; nandiensis 280 Sepedonium ampullosporum 270 Septoria 419; exotica 419-422; veronicae A420, 421 Septotinia podophyllina 186, 194 Sepultaria arenicola 84; arenosa 84; longii 84; pellita 85; semiimmersa 85; sepulta 85 Setosphaeria 411, 414; MONOCERAS 41717, 413, 414; pedicellata 414; turcica 414 Sigmoidea 323; proliferata 323 Skeletocutis 341; amorphus 341 Solheimia costaspora 270 Sordaria zygospora 102 Spadicoides grovei 270 Sphaerella carnea 484 Sphaerosoma hesperium 72 Sphaerospora hinnulea 87; scutelloides 99 Sphaerosporella 99; brunnea 99; hinnulea 99 Sphaerostilbe coccophila 164 Sphaerotheca 497 Sphagnicola 142 Spinalia 204 Sporidesmium 276-279; adscendens 270; flexum 278; inflatum 278; parvum 271; SCLEROTIVORUM 275, 276-280; subulatum AIS, Resil Sporoschisma mirabile 271 Stachybotrys nilagirica 271; theobromae 271 Stachylidium bicolor 271 Stenella 416; araguata 415, 416 Stacia Smisiircing soclemo22 Stibella cinnabarina 271 Stromatinia 140, 194; rapulum 186, 194 Doi Stromatographium stromaticum 272 Stropharia cyanescens 239, 373; inuncta 236; luteonitens 236; merdaria 245; var macrospora 245; f macrospora 245; sic- cipes var lugubris 235-237; subcyanes- cens 239 Tapesina 462 Tarzetta 87; bronca 85; catinus 85; cupu- laris 85 Tegillum 266 Teratosperma 280; cornigera 278; pulchrum Hikeys Saunegoilehaey WAI AX Tetracraum Lose Lod alien Iie OO lpm ole aurantil 1655) 1757, s6smcoccrcolumeloS= 167; echinatum 165, 173, 174 Tetranacrium 163-165, 179-181; gramineum 180 Tharoopama trina 272 Thaxteriola 508, 510; moseri 508-510 Thecotheus agranulosus 72; apiculatus 72; CINeGLeUS wi2empe WMletieramyA2 Thelebolus crustaceus 85; microsporus 85; stercoreus 85 Thelotrema 381, 382; auberianum 380; en- doxanthum 381: EXTLE 57.7, oun oos dislaceratum 377, 381, 383; masonhalei 382; papillosum 377, 381; PLANARIUM 377, 382, 383; wrightii 381 Tieghemiomyces 204, 205; parasiticus 204- 206 Torula bigemina 336; herbarum 272 Trametes alaskana 343 Trechispora 118; amianthina 118; byssi- nella 118; confinis 118; farinacea 118; mutabilis 119 Tremella 218, 219; aurantia 219, 220; AU- RANTIOLUTEA 278-220; brasiliensis 220; lutescens 220; rubromaculata 220; sub- rubiginosa 220 Treubiomyces pulcherrimus 502 Tricharina gilva 85 Trichobolus octosporus 85; zukalii 85 Trichometasphaeria 411 Trichonectria bambusicola 181 Trichopeziza alboviridis 484 Trichophaea 87, 99; abundans 85; boudieri 85; brunnea 86; bullata 86; gregaria 86; hemisphaerioides 86; woolhopiea 86 Tripterospora 106 Tripterosporella 102, 106; coprophila 1025 L0G, 110 Tubeufia 164 Tubulicrinis 124; callosus 124; GLOBI- SPORUSSI V/s i25, 24, Tylopilus 152, 154 Tyromyces 340, 342, 353; albellus 354; balsameus 354; caesius 354; canadensis 354; fragilis 355; guttulatus 355; im- mitis 355; leucospongia 355; kravtzevi- anus 354; mollis 338, 354; perdelicatus 356; semipileatus 353; tephroleucus 355; undosus 356 UNCOBASIDIUM 407; LUTEOLUM 407, 408, 409 Uraecium cydistae 265 S00 Uredo 424, 426; fabae subsp 8 trifolii AZ Det Gl Oldiag4 24m 2 ONE DO ame 5 ORME 2 434 Urnula craterium 86; hiemalis 69 Uromyces 423, 424, 428; anthyllidis 434; fallens 423, 424, 434; flectens 423, 428-430, 432; minor 434; nerviphilus 423, 424, 426-430, 432; onobrychidis 434; repens 423; trifolii 423-426, 428-432, 434; trifolii-repentis 423, AV, AAAS) AV ALi Valsa 460 Velutaria 462, 498; griseo-vitellina 498; rufo-olivacea 498 Verpa conica 76 Verpatinia calthicola 186, 195 Verticicladiella 280 Virgaria nigra 272 Virgatospora echinofibrosa 272 Volutella epicoccum 179 Volutina concentrica 272 Volvariella 39 Wardomyces 91, 92, 94, 96 WARDOMYCOPSIS 91, 92-94, 96; HUMICOLA 96; INOPINATA 91, 92 Wolfina 97; aurantiopsis 97 Wynnella silvicola 79 Xenosporium berkeleyi 273 Xylogramma 321; filicina 321 Zygopleurage 102; faiyumensis 102-105; multicaudata 102, 103, 105; zygospora 103-105 COrFEDITORS OF MYCOTAXON G. L., HENNEBERT RICHARD P. KORF FRENCH LANGUAGE. EDITOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDITOR & BOOK REVIEW EDITOR & MANAGING EDITOR UCL, Place’ Croix du Sud 3 P.O. Box 264 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Ithaca, NY 14850, USA MYCOTAXON is a quarterly journal devoted to all phases of mycological and lichenological taxonomy and nomenclature. It seeks to publish all papers within 4 months of acceptance, using photo-offset lithography. All articles are reviewed by specialists prior to acceptance. Publi- cation is open’ to all persons. Papers may be in French or in English. SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION Each issue of MYCOTAXON may vary in number of pages. Each volume, be- ginning with volume 3, consists of at least 512 pages, and may consist of as few as 2 or as many as 8 quarterly issues depending upon the a- mount of copy received from authors, Subscriptions are on a per volume basis, mot on an annual basis. If only one bill during each year is a requirement, please pay for 2 volumes, which will cover at least one year's issues, Personal subscriptions are available at a substantially reduced subscription rate for individuals who agree not to deposit their copies in another library than their own within three years of publication or receipt. Prices for each volume, beginning with volume Siyjare: ; REGULAR, (multt-user): $32.00 PERSONAL (indtviduals): $14.00 (Vols. 1 & 2 are available at half the above rates per volume.) (Complete runs, vols. 1 through the latest complete volume, are subject to a 10% discount.) MYCOTAXON 18 also available in mrcrororM (microfiche, microfilm) from University Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, from whom prices may be obtained. MYCOTAXON may also be obtained on a journal-exchange basis. This may be arranged’ with journals, institutions, or individuals who have dif- ficulty in obtaining foreign currencies. For details and journal ex- change forms, write to a Co-Editor. EDITORIAL SERVICES AND INFORMATION FOR PROSPECTIVE AUTHORS Authors prepare their own camera-ready-copy after having received com- ments from pre-submission reviewers. Detailed Instructions to Authors appeared in MYCOTAXON 1: 3-12.,1974, and 6: 370. 1977. A copy of each will be sent upon)request to one of the Co-Editors. We are able to provide prospective authors with two aids to publica- tion. Both are sold at no profit, and are shipped postpaid from MYCO- TAXON, LTD., P.O. Box 264, Ithaca, NY 14850. USA, SPECIAL MANUSCRIPT PAPER is: available in packages of 50 sheets, and is ruled in blue, non-photoreproducing ink for each of the two sizes of typeface called for in the instructions to authors (elite, pica). It 1s a convenience to typists, but certainly not an essential, since the appropriate sized rectangles can be prepared on any paper using a non-photoreproducing biue pencil. Each package of 50 sheets is sent postpatd for $1.60. BIOPLATE is a special sheet of transfer letters for the use of authors in the preparation of plates and graphs for publication. It is manu- factured specifically for us, and is available in both black and white. Fe Cd f Each sheet is approximately 30 x 39 E cm., with a wide assortment of char- acters (some shown at left in actual dU me Qk 500 678 size). Our cost is $3.75 per sheet, mailed postpaid (black will be sent QGpom0@xno % unless white is specified). 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